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Antioxidant Vitamins and Their Use in Psychiatry

Year 2012, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 486 - 505, 01.12.2012
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120429

Abstract

Oxidative stress can be defined as imbalance between prooxidant molecules produced during body metabolism and members of antioxidant system for favor of former. Oxidative stress, which is included in the pathogenesis of cancer, aging, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, is also considered for pathogenetic mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, mood disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Due to important role of antioxidant vitamins in antioxidant defense mechanisms, vitamin supplementation therapies are considered in addition to conventional treatment choices for psychiatric disorders. This paper will attempt to review the biochemical, molecular and genetic data on biological processes related to vitamins A, C and E. Besides, the circumstances under which the antioxidant vitamin supplementation could be used in psychiatry and the factors that should be taken into consideration during these therapies will be discussed.

References

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Antioksidan Vitaminler ve Psikiyatride Kullanımı

Year 2012, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 486 - 505, 01.12.2012
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120429

Abstract

Oksidatif stres, vücut metabolizması sırasında üretilen serbest radikaller ve bunların vücuttan temizlenmesi ile ilgili antioksidan sistem elemanları arasındaki dengenin serbest radikaller lehine bozulması durumudur. Kanser, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve nörodejeneratif hastalıkların etiyolojisinde etkili olduğu düşünülen oksidatif stres, aynı zamanda şizofreni, duygudurum bozuklukları, otizm, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu gibi bazı ruhsal bozuklukların patogenezinde de sorumlu mekanizmalardan birisi olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda ruhsal bozuklukların bilinen mevcut tedavileri dışında antioksidan vitamin ekleme tedavileri gündeme gelmiştir. Bu süreçte yer alan A, C ve E vitaminleri antioksidan savunmayı desteklemek dışında bazı ruhsal bozukluklarda görülebilen beslenme sorunlarına ikincil eksikliklerde de kullanılabilmektedir. Bu yazıda A, C ve E vitaminlerinin vücuttaki süreçlerine ilişkin biyokimyasal, moleküler ve genetik veriler gözden geçirilecek daha sonra antioksidan vitaminlerin ekleme tedavilerinin psikiyatride hangi koşullarda gündeme gelebileceği ve uygulanması halinde dikkat edilmesi gereken faktörler tartışılacaktır.

References

  • Jaruga P, Zastawny TH, Skokowski J, Dizdaroglu M, Olinski R. Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in human lung cancer. FEBS Lett 1994; 341:59-64.
  • Khatri JJ, Johnson C, Magid R, Lessner SM, Laude KM, Dikalov SI et al. Vascular oxidant stress enhances progression and angiogenesis of experimental atheroma. Circulation 2004; 109:520-525.
  • Mecocci P, MacGarvey U, Beal MF. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is increased in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 1994; 36:747-751.
  • Ng F, Berk M, Dean O, Bush AI. Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2008; 11:851-876.
  • Chauhan A, Chauhan V. Oxidative stress in autism. Pathophysiology 2006; 13:171- 181.
  • Bulut M, Selek S, Gergerlioglu SH, Savas HA, Yilmaz HR, Yuce M et al. Malondialdehyde levels in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2007; 32:435-438.
  • Shulman RG, Rothman DL, Behar KL, Hyder F. Energetic basis of brain activity:implications for neuroimaging. Trends Neurosci 2004; 27:489-495.
  • Betteridge DJ. What is oxidative stress? Metabolism 2000; 49 (suppl 1):3-8.
  • Kannan K, Jain SK. Oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathophysiology 2000; 7:153- 163.
  • Mates JM. Effects of antioxidant enzymes in the molecular control of reactive oxygen species toxicology. Toxicology 2000; 153:83-104.
  • Arvindakshan M, Ghate M, Ranjekar PK, Evans DR, Mahadik SP. Supplementation with a combination of ω-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (vitamin E and C) improves the outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2003; 62:195-204.
  • McAbee GN, Prieto DM, Kirby J, Santilli AM, Setty R. Permanent visual loss due to dietary vitamin A deficiency in an autistic adolescent. J Child Neurol 2009; 24:1288- 1289.
  • Cole JA, Warthan MM, Hirano SA, Gowen CW Jr, Williams JV. Scurvy in a 10- year-old boy. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28:444-446.
  • Heiser P, Sommer O, Schmidt AJ. Effects of antipsychotics and vitamin C on the formation of reactive oxygen species. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:1499-1504.
  • Bremner JD, McCaffery P. The neurobiology of retinoic acid in affective disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:315–331.
  • Harrison EH. Mechanisms involved in the intestinal absorption of dietary vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1821:70-77.
  • During A, Harrison EH. Mechanisms of provitamin A (carotenoid) and vitamin A (retinol) transport into and out of intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Lipid Res 2007;48:2283- 2294.
  • Lietz G, Lange J, Rimbach G. Molecular and dietary regulation of β,β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1). Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 502:8-16.
  • Crow JA, Ong DE. Cell-specific immunohistochemical localization of a cellular retinol-binding protein (type two) in the small intestine of rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82:4707-4711.
  • Blomhoff R, Blomhoff HK. Overview of retinoid metabolism and function. J Neurobiol 2006; 66:606-630.
  • Reboul E, Borel P. Proteins involved in uptake, intracellular transport and basolateral secretion of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids by mammalian enterocytes. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 50:388-402.
  • Kawaguchi R, Yu J, Honda J, Hu J, Whitelegge J, Ping P et al. A membrane receptor for retinol binding protein mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A. Science 2007; 315:820-825.
  • Kawaguchi R, Yu J, Ter-Stepanian M, Zhong M, Cheng G, Yuan Q et al. Receptor mediated cellular uptake mechanism that couples to intracellular storage. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1041-1051.
  • Bouillet P, Sapin V, Chazaud C, Messaddeq N, Décimo D, Dollé P et al. Developmental expression pattern of Stra6, a retinoic acid-responsive gene encoding a new type of membrane protein. Mech Dev 1997; 63:173-186.
  • Olson CR, Mello CV. Significance of vitamin A to brain function, behavior and learning. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:489-495.
  • Gelain DP, Cammarota M, Zanotto-Filho A, de Oliveira RB, Dal-Pizzol F, Izquierdo I et al. Retinol induces the ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of CREB through a pathway involving the generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured Sertoli cells. Cell Signal 2006; 18:1685-1694.
  • Samad TA, Krezel W, Chambon P, Borrelli E. Regulation of dopaminergic pathways by retinoids:Activation of the D2 receptor promoter by members of the retinoic acid receptor-retinoid X receptor family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:14349-14354.
  • O’Reilly KC, Trent S, Bailey SJ, Lane MA. 13-cis-retinoic acid alters intracellular serotonin, increases 5-HT1A receptor, and serotonin reuptake transporter levels in vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2007; 232:1195-1203.
  • Matsuoka I, Kumagai M, Kurihara K. Differential and coordinated regulation of expression of norepinephrine transporter in catecholaminergic cells in culture. Brain Res 1997; 776:181-188.
  • McCaffery P, Zhang J, Crandall JE. Retinoic acid signaling and function in the adult hippocampus. J Neurobiol 2006; 66:780-791.
  • Wang HF, Liu FC. Regulation of multiple dopamine signal transduction molecules by retinoids in the developing striatum. Neuroscience 2005; 134:97-105.
  • Bremner JD, Fani N, Ashraf A, Votaw JR, Brummer ME, Cummins T et al. Functional brain imaging alterations in acne patients treated with isotretinoin. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:983-991.
  • Lane MA, Bailey SJ. Role of retinoid signalling in the adult brain. Prog Neurobiol 2005; 75:275-293.
  • Wysowski DK, Pitts M, Beitz J. An analysis of reports of depression and suicide in patients treated with isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45:515-519.
  • O’Reilly K, Bailey S, Lane MA. Retinoid-mediated regulation of mood:possible cellular mechanisms. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:251-258.
  • Cocco S, Diaz G, Stancampiano R, Diana A, Carta M, Curreli R et al. Vitamin A deficiency produces spatial learning and memory impairment in rats. Neuroscience 2002; 115:475-482.
  • Tafti M, Ghyselinck NB. Functional implication of the vitamin A signaling pathway in the brain. Arch Neurol 2007; 64:1706-1711.
  • Goodman AB. Three independent lines of evidence suggest retinoids as causal to schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:7240-7244.
  • Wan C, Shi Y, Zhao X, Tang W, Zhang M, Ji B et al. Positive association between ALDH1A2 and schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Prog Neuro- Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:1491–1495.
  • Corti A, Casini AF, Pompella A. Cellular pathways for transport and efflux of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 500:107-115.
  • Belin S, Kaya F, Burtey S, Fontes M. Ascorbic acid and gene expression: another example of regulation of gene expression by small molecules. Curr Genomics 2010; 11:52-57.
  • Diliberto EJ Jr, Menniti FS, Knoth J, Daniels AJ, Kizer JS, Viveros OH. Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells as a model to study the neurobiology of ascorbic acid:from monooxygenation to neuromodulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 498:28- 53.
  • Rice ME. Ascorbate regulation and its neuroprotective role in the brain. Trends Neurosci 2000; 23:209-216.
  • Agus DB, Gambhir SS, Pardridge WM, Spielholz C, Baselga J, Vera JC, Golde DW. Vitamin C crosses the blood-brain barrier in the oxidized form through the glucose transporters. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:2842-2848.
  • Verrax J, Calderon B. The controversial place of vitamin C in cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:1644-1652.
  • Eck P, Erichsen HC, Taylor JG, Yeager M, Hughes AL, Levine M et al. Comparison of the genomic structure and variation in the two human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters, SLC23A1 and SLC23A2. Hum Genet 2004; 115:285-294.
  • Meredith ME, Harrison FE, May JM. Differential regulation of the ascorbic acid transporter SVCT2 during development and in response to ascorbic acid depletion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:737-742.
  • Spector R. Nutrient transport systems in brain: 40 years of progress. J Neurochem 2009; 111:315-320.
  • Bánhegyi G, Braun L, Csala M, Puskás F, Mandi J. Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23:793-803.
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There are 89 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Betül Mazlum This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Mazlum B. Antioksidan Vitaminler ve Psikiyatride Kullanımı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2012;4(4):486-505. doi:10.5455/cap.20120429

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