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Chronobiology and Mood Disorders

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 368 - 386, 01.09.2011
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20110317

Abstract

Living organizms show cyclic rhythmicity in a variety of physiological, hormonal, behavioral, and psychological processes. Sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, hormone levels, mood and cognition display a circadian rhythm in humans. Delays, advances or desynchronizations of circadian rhythm are known to be strongly associated with mental illness especially mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, major depression and seasonal affective disorder. Furthermore, some of the mood stabilizers, sleep deprivation and light treatment are employed to treat mood disorders by shifting circadian rhythm. This paper reviews the relationship between mood disorders and circadian rhythm, and describes treatment options by altering circadian rhythm.

References

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Kronobiyoloji ve Duygudurum Bozuklukları

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 368 - 386, 01.09.2011
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20110317

Abstract

Canlı organizmalarda biyolojik, fizyolojik, hormonal, davranışsal ve psikolojik yönü olan pek çok olay belirli bir ritme uygun şekilde oluşur. İnsanlarda uyku-uyanıklık döngüsü, vücut sıcaklığı, hormon düzeyleri, duygulanım ve bazı bilişsel işlevler sirkadyen ritim adı verilen günlük bir ritme sahiptirler. Sirkadyen ritimde meydana gelen ilerleme, gecikme veya bozulmaların psikiyatrik hastalıklarla ve özellikle de bipolar depresyon, major depresyon ve mevsimsel affektif bozukluklar gibi duygudurum bozuklukları ile güçlü bir bağlantısı vardır. Bazı duygudurum düzenleyicileri ile uyku yoksunluğu ve ışık tedavisi gibi uygulamalar etkilerini sirkadyen sistemde değişiklik yaparak göstermektedirler. Bu derlemede duygudurum bozuklukları ve sirkadyen ritim ilişkisi gözden geçirilerek sirkadyen ritim değişikliği yoluyla yapılan tedavi seçenekleri tanımlanmıştır.

References

  • Schulz P. Biological clocks and the practice of psychiatry. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2007; 9:237-255.
  • Lemmer B. Discoveries of rhythms in human biological functions: A historical review. Chronobiol Int 2009; 26:1019-1068.
  • Reinberg A, Ashkenazi I. Concepts in human biological rhythms. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2003; 5:327-342.
  • Çalıyurt O. Duygudurum bozuklukları ve biyolojik ritm. Duygudurum Dizisi 2001; 5:209-214.
  • Macher JP. Chronobiology in psychiatry. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2007; 9:229.
  • Wirz-Justice A. Biological rhythm disturbances in mood disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2006; 21(Suppl 1):11-15.
  • Bjorvatn B, Pallesen S. A practical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2009;13:47–60.
  • Schulz P, Steimer T. Neurobiology of circadian systems. CNS Drugs 2009; 23(Suppl 2):3-13.
  • Mistlberger RE, Rusak B. Circadian rhythms in mammals: Formal properties and environmental ınfluences. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 4th ed. (Eds MH Kryger, T Roth, WC Dement):321-335. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2005.
  • Cermakian N, Boivin DB. A molecular perspective of human circadian rhythm disorders. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2003; 42:204-220.
  • Schulz P, Steimer T. Neurobiology of circadian rhythms. CNS Drugs 2009; 23:3-13.
  • Monteleone P, Martiadis V, Maj M. Circadian rhythms and treatment implications in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; doi:10.1016/ j.pnpbp.2010.07.028.
  • Shochat T, Luboshitzky R, Lavie P. Nocturnal melatonin onset is phase locked to the primary sleep gate. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:364-370.
  • Srinivasan V, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Spence DW, Hardeland R, Poeggeler B et al. Pathophysiology of depression: role of sleep and the melatonergic system. Psychiatry Res 2009; 165:201-214.
  • Szymusiak R, McGinty D. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1129:275-286.
  • Grandin LD, Alloy LB, Abramson LY. The social zeitgeber theory, circadian rhythms, and mood disorders: Review and evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev 2006; 26:679-694.
  • Emilien G, Maloteaux JM. Circadian system and sleep anomaly in depression Ir J Psych Med 1999; 16:18-23.
  • Wirz-Justice A. Biological rhythms and depression: treatment opportunities. WPA Bulletin on Depression 2008; 12:5-8.
  • Harvey AG. Sleep and circadian functioning: Critical mechanisms in the mood disorders? Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2011; 7:1-23.
  • Perlis ML, Smith LJ, Lyness JM, Matteson SR, Pigeon WR, Jungquist CR et al. Insomnia as a risk factor for onset of depression in the elderly. Behav Sleep Med 2006; 4:104-113.
  • Tsuno N, Besset A, Ritchie K. Sleep and depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66:1254-1269.
  • Salvatore P, Ghidini S, Zita G, De Panfilis C, Lambertino S, Maggini C et al. Circadian activity rhythm abnormalities in ill and recovered bipolar I disorder patients. Bipolar Disord 2008; 10:256-265.
  • Morris DW, Rush AJ, Jain S, Fava M, Wisniewski SR, Balasubramani GK et al. Diurnal mood variation in outpatients with major depressive disorder: implications for DSM-V from an analysis of the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression Study data. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68:1339-1347.
  • McClung CA. Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 114:222-2 32.
  • Borbely AA. A two process model of sleep regulation. Hum Neurobiol 1982; 1:195
  • Wirz-Justice A. Chronobiology and psychiatry. Sleep Med Rev 2007; 11:423-427.
  • Lack LC, Wright HR. Chronobiology of sleep in humans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007;64:1205-1215.
  • Czeisler CA, Buxton OM, Khalsa SBS. The human circadian timing system and sleep-wake regulation. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 4th ed. (Eds MH Kryger, T Roth, WC Dement):375-395. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2005.
  • Borbely AA, Peter A. Sleep Homeostazis and models of sleep regulation. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 4th ed. (Eds MH Kryger, T Roth, WC Dement):395-405. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2005.
  • Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF. Circadian rhythms in sleepiness, alertness, and performance. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 4th ed. (Eds MH Kryger, T Roth, WC Dement):431-444. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2005.
  • Chellappa SL, Schroder C, Cajochen C. Chronobiology, excessive daytime sleepiness and depression: Is there a link? Sleep Med 2009; 10:505-514.
  • Wirz-Justice A, Van den Hoofdakker RH. Sleep deprivation in depression: what do we know, where do we go? Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46:445-453.
  • Wehr TA, Wirz-Justice A. Circadian rhythm mechanisms in affective illness and in antidepressant drug action. Pharmacopsychiatry 1982; 15:31-39.
  • Jones CR, Campbell SS, Zone SE, Cooper F, DeSano A, Murphy PJ et al. Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome: a short-period circadian rhythm variant in humans. Nat Med 1999; 5:1062-1065.
  • Srinivasan V, Smits M, Spence W, Lowe AD, Kayumov L, Pandi-Perumal SR et al. Melatonin in mood disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2006; 7:138-151.
  • Van Cauter E, Leproult R, Kupfer DJ. Effects of gender and age on the levels and rhythmicity of plasma cortisol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:2468-2473.
  • Hajak G, Landgrebe M. Time and depression:when the internal clock does not work. Medicographia 2010; 32:146-151.
  • Wehr TA, Wirz-Justice A. Internal coincidence model for sleep deprivation and depression. In Sleep 1980 (Ed. WP Koella):26-33. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 1981.
  • Benedetti F, Barbini B, Campori E, Fulgosi MC, Pontiggia A, Colombo C. Sleep phase advance and lithium to sustain the antidepressant effect if total sleep deprivation in bipolar depression: New findings supporting the internal coincidence model? J Psychiatric Res 2001; 35:323-329.
  • Ehlers CL, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Social zeitgebers and biological rhythms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:948-952.
  • Malkoff-Schwartz S, Frank E, Anderson BP, Hlastala SA, Luther JF, Sherril JT, et al. Social rhythm disruption and stressful life events in the onset of bipolar and unipolar episodes. Psychol Med 2000; 30:1005-1016.
  • Adan A, Lachica J, Caci H, Natale V. Circadian typology and temperament and character personality dimensions. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:181-193.
  • Emens JS, Yuhas K, Rough J, Kochar N, Peters D, Lewy AJ. Phase angle of entrainment in morning and evening types under naturalistic conditions. Chronobiol Int 2009; 26:474-493.
  • Taillard J, Philip P, Bioulac B. Morningness/eveningness and the need for sleep. J Sleep Res 1999; 8:291-295.
  • Selvi Y, Aydin A, Boysan M, Atli A, Agargun MY, Besiroglu L. Associations between chronotype, sleep quality, suicidality, and depressive symptoms in patients with major depression and healthy controls. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:1813-1828.
  • Selvi Y, Aydin A, Atli A, Boysan M, Selvi F, Besiroglu L. Chronotype differences in suicidal behavior and impulsivity among suicide attempters. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:170-175.
  • Hasler BP, Allen JJ, Sbarra DA, Bootzin RR, Bernert RA. Morningness-eveningness and depression: Preliminary evidence for the role of the behavioral activation system and positive affect. Psychiatr Res 2010; 176:166-173.
  • Selvi Y, Smolensky MH, Boysan M, Aydin A, Besiroglu L, Atli A, et al Role of patient chronotype on circadian pattern of myocardial infarction: A pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2011; doi:10.3109/07420528.2011.559605.
  • Rosenthal NE, Sack DA, Gillin JC, Lewy AJ, Goodwin FK, Davenport Y et al. Seasonal affective disorder. A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41:72-80.
  • Boivin DB. Influence of sleep-wake and circadian rhythm disturbances in psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2000; 25:446-458.
  • McClung CA. Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 114:222-232.
  • Harvey AG. Sleep and circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder: seeking synchrony, harmony, and regulation. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165:820-829.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
  • Wirz-Justice A, Benedetti F, Terman M. Chronotherapeutics for Affective Disorders: A Clinician’s Manual for Light and Wake Therapy. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2009.
  • Golden RN, Gaynes BN, Ekstrom RD, Hamer RM, Jacobsen FM, Suppes T et al. The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta- analysis of the evidence. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:656-662.
  • Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Maestroni GJ, Cardinali DP, Poeggeler B, Hardeland R. Melatonin: Nature's most versatile biological signal? FEBS J 2006; 273:2813-2838.
  • Wehr T A, Duncan WC, Sher L, Aeschbach D, Schwartz P J, Turner EH. A circadian signal of change of season in patients with seasonal affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58:1108−1114.
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There are 95 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Yavuz Selvi This is me

Lütfullah Beşiroğlu This is me

Adem Aydın This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Selvi Y, Beşiroğlu L, Aydın A. Kronobiyoloji ve Duygudurum Bozuklukları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. September 2011;3(3):368-386. doi:10.5455/cap.20110317

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