BibTex RIS Cite

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, - 1, 01.09.2011
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20110318

Abstract

Intermittent explosive disorder is an impulse control disorder characterized by the occurrence of discrete episodes of failure to resist aggressive impulses that result in violent assault or destruction of property. Though the prevalence intermittent explosive disorder has been reported to be relatively rare in frontier studies on the field, it is now common opinion that intermittent explosive disorder is far more common than previously thought especially in clinical psychiatry settings. Etiological studies displayed the role of both psychosocial factors like childhood traumas and biological factors like dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems and genetics. In differential diagnosis of the disorder, disorders involving agression as a symptom such as alcohol and drug intoxication, antisocial and borderline personality disorders, personality changes due to general medical conditions and behavioral disorder should be considered. A combination of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches are suggested in the treatment of the disorder. This article briefly reviews the historical background, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology and treatment of intermittent explosive disorder.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
  • Olvera RL. Intermittent explosive disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. CNS Drugs 2002; 16:517-526.
  • Tamam L. Başka türlü sınıflandırılmamış dürtü kontrol bozuklukları. In Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı (Eds E Köroğlu, C Güleç, S Şenol). Ankara, MedicoGraphics Matbaa- sı, 2007.
  • Gulli LF, Nasser B. Intermittent explosive disorder. In Gale Encylopedia of Mental Disorders Vol.2 (Eds E Thackery, M Harris):534-536. Farmington Hills, Thomson Gale, 2003.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2nd ed. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1968.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980.
  • Greenberg HR. Impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified. In Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry 8th ed. Vol.1. (Eds BJ Sadock, VA Sadock ):2035-2054 . Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association,
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Berman ME. Intermittent explosive disorder-revised: development, reliability and validity of research criteria. Compr Psychiatry 1998; 39:368-376.
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Hauger RL Cooper TB, Ferris CF.Cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin levels: correlates with aggression and serotonin function in personality- disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:708-714.
  • DiGiuseppe R, Tafrate RC. Understanding Anger Disorders. New York, Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Coccaro EF, Lee R, McCloskey M. Norepinephrine function in personality disorder: plasma free MHPG correlates inversely with life history of aggression. CNS Spectr 2003; 8:731-736.
  • Bradford J, Geller J, Lesieur HR, Rosenthal R, Wise M. Impulse control disorders. In DSM-IV Sourcebook Vol.2 (Eds TA Widiger, AJ Widiger, AJ Frances, HA Pincus, MB First, R Ross, W Davis):1007-1032. Washington D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
  • Koelsch S, Sammler D, Jenstchke S, Siebel WA. EEG correlates of moderate intermittent explosive disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:151-162.
  • Grant JE, Levine L, Kim D, Potenza MN. Impulse control disorders in adult psychiatric inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:2184-2188.
  • Kessler RC, Coccaro EF, Fava M, Jaeger S, Jin R, Walters E. The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV Intermittent Explosive Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63:669-678.
  • Monopolis S, Lion JR. Problems in the diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140:1200-1202.
  • Felthous AR, Bryant SG, Wingerter CB, Barratt E. The diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder in violent men. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1991;19:71-79.
  • Coccaro EF, Schmidt CA, Samuels JF Nestadt G. Lifetime and 1-month prevalence rates of intermittent explosive disorder in a community sample. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65:820-824.
  • Coccaro EF, Posternak MA, Zimmerman M. Prevalence and features of intermittent explosive disorder in a clinical setting. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66:1221-1227.
  • Tangur R. Sivas il merkezinde başka bir yerde sınıflandırılmamış dürtü kontrol bo- zuklukları: epidemiyoloji, komorbidite, belirti tarama listesi ve aile işlevlerinin değer- lendirilmesi (Uzmanlık Tezi). Sivas, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2001.
  • Tamam L, Zengin M, Karakuş G, Ozturk Z. The prevalence of impulse control disorders in an university psychiatry inpatient clinics. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülte- ni 2008; 18:153-161.
  • Annagür BB, Tamam L. Depresyon hastalarında dürtü kontrol bozuklukları eş tanıla- rı. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi 2011; 48:22-30.
  • McElroy SL, Soutullo CA, Beckman DA, Taylor P Jr, Keck PE Jr, DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder: a report of 27 cases. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59:203
  • Galovski T, Blanchard EB. Psychological characteristics of aggressive drivers with and without intermittent explosive disorder. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40:1157-1168.
  • Galovski T, Blanchard EB, Veazey C. Intermittent explosive disorder and other psychiatric comorbidity among court-referred and self-referred aggressive drivers. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40:641-651.
  • Kay J, Tasman A. Essentials of Psychiatry. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
  • Winer JA, Pollock GH. Disorders of impulse control. In Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 3rd ed. Vol.2 (Eds HI Kaplan, AM Freedman, BJ Sadock):1817-1829. Baltimore, Williams& Wilkins, 1980.
  • Bach-Y-Rita G, Lion JR, Climent CF, Ervin FR. Episodic dyscontrol: A study of 130 violent patients. Am J Psychiatry 1971; 127:1473-1478.
  • Mattes JA, Fink M. A family study of patients with temper outbursts. J Psychiatr Res 1987; 21:249–255.
  • Coccaro EF. A family history study of intermittent explosive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:1101-1105.
  • Coccaro EF. Intermittent explosive disorder. In Aggression: Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment (Ed EF Coccaro):149-166. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2003.
  • Seroczynski AD, Bergeman CS, Coccaro EF. Etiology of the impulsivity/aggression relationship: genes or environment? Psychiatry Res 1999; 86:41-57.
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ. Fluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:1081-1088.
  • Coccaro EF, Bergeman CS, Kavoussi RJ, Seroczynski AD. Heritability of aggression and irritability:a twin study of the Buss-Durkee Aggression Scales in adult male subjects. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:273-284.
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Cooper TB, Hauger RL. Central serotonin activity and aggression: inverse relationship with prolactin response to d-fenfluramine, but not CSF 5-HIAA concentration, in human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1430- 1435.
  • Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Dent KM, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF. Aggression and anger-related traits associated with a polymorphism of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:603-614.
  • Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF. A regulatory polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene may be associated with variability in aggression, impulsivity, and central nervous system serotonergic responsivity. Psychiatry Res 2000; 95:9-23.
  • Bioulac B, Benezech M, Renaud B, Noel B, Roche D. Serotoninergic dysfunction in the 47, XYY syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 1980; 15:917-923.
  • Coccaro EF. Intermittent explosive disorder: Taming temper tantrums in the volatile, impulsive adult. Curr Psychiatry 2003; 2:42-60.
  • Coccaro EF, Danehy M. Intermittent explosive disorder. In Clinical Manual of Impulse Control Disorders (Eds E Hollander, DJ Stein):19-38. Arlington, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2006.
  • Nielsen DA, Goldman D, Virkkunen M, Tokola R, Rawlings R, Linnoila M. Suicidality and 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration associated with a tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:34-38.
  • Virkkunen M, Rawlings R, Tokola R, Poland RE, Guidotti A, Nemeroff C et al. CSF biochemistries, glucose metabolism, and diurnal activity rhythms in alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and healthy volunteers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:20-27.
  • Brown GL, Goodwin FK, Ballenger JC, Gover PF, Major LF. Aggression in humans correlates with cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites. Psychiatry Res 1979; 1:131- 139.
  • Linnoila M, Virkkunen M, Scheinin M, Nuutila A, Rimon R, Goodwin FK. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid concentration differentiates impulsive from nonimpulsive violent behavior. Life Sci 1983; 33:2609-2614.
  • Abay E, Tuğlu C. Şiddet ve Agresyonun Nörobiyolojisi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2000; 3:21-26.
  • Coccaro EF, Berman ME, Kavoussi RJ, Hauger RL. Relationship of prolactin response to d-fenfluramine to behavioral and questionnaire assessments of aggression in personality-disordered men. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 40:157-164.
  • Lyons WE, Mamounas LA, Ricaurte GA, Coppola V, Reid SW, Bora SH et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-deficient mice develop aggressiveness and hyperphagia in conjunction with brain serotonergic abnormalities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 21:15239-15244.
  • Delville Y, Mansour KM, Ferris CF. Serotonin blocks vasopressin-facilitated offensive aggression: interactions within the ventrolateral hypothalamus of golden hamsters. Physiol Behav 1996; 59:813-816
  • Nelson RJ, Trainor BC. Neural mechanisms of aggression. Nature Rev Neurosci 2007; 8:536-546.
  • Saias T, Gallarda T. Paradoxical aggressive reactions to benzodiazepine use: a review. Encephale 2008; 34:330-336.
  • Soloff PH, Meltzer CC, Greer PJ, Constantine D, Kelly TM. A fenfluramine- activated FDG-PET study of borderline personality disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:540-547
  • Siever LJ, Buchsbaum MS, New AS, Spiegel-Cohen J, Wei T, Hazlett EA et al. D-L Fenfluramine response in impulsive personality disorder assessed with [18-F] fluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999; 20:413-423.
  • New AS, Hazlet EA, Buchsbaum MS, Goodman M, Reynolds D, Mitropoulou V et al. Blunted prefrontal cortical 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in impulsive aggression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59:621-629.
  • Witte AV, Flöel A, Stein P, Savli M, Mien LK, Wadsak W et al. Aggression is related to frontal serotonin-1A receptor distribution as revealed by PET in healthy subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:2558-2570.
  • Coccaro EF, Siever LJ, Klar HM, Maurer G, Cochrane K, Cooper TB et al. Serotonergic studies in affective and personality disorder: Correlates with suicidal and impulsive aggresive behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:587-599.
  • Davidson RJ, Putnam KM, Larson CL. Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation: a possible prelude to violence. Science 2000; 289: 591-594.
  • Amaral DG. Amygdala, social behavior, and danger detection. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 1000:337-347.
  • Izquierdo A, Suda RK, Murray EA. Comparison of the effects of bilateral orbital prefrontal cortex lesions and amygdala lesions on emotional responses in rhesus monkeys. J Neurosci 2005; 25:8534-8542.
  • Coccaro EF, McCloskey MS, Fitzgerald DA, Phan KL. Amygdala and orbitofrontal ractivity to social threat in individuals with impulsive aggression. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:168-178.
  • Saint Martin ML. Running Amok: A modern perspective on a culture-bound syndrome. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 1:66-70.
  • First MB, Frances A, Pincus HA. DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis., Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2002.
  • Simeon D, Berlin H. Impulse control disorders. In Psychiatry, 3rd ed. (Eds A Tas- man, J Kay, JA Lieberman, MB First, M Maj):1658-1701. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
  • Grodnitzky GR, Tafrate RC. Imaginal exposure for anger reduction in adult outpatients: a pilot study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2000; 31:259-279.
  • Deffenbacher JL, Filetti LB, Lynch RS Dahlen ER, Oetting ER. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of high anger drivers. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40:895-910.
  • Linehan MM, Tutek DA, Heard HL, Armstrong HE. Interpersonal outcome of cognitive behavioral treatment for chronically suicidal borderline patients. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:1771-1776.
  • Maiuro R. Intermittent explosive disorder In Current Psychiatric Therapy (Ed DL Dunner):482-488. Philadephia, WB Saunders, 1993.
  • Barratt ES, Stanford MS, Felthous AR, Kent TA. The effects of phenytoin on impulsive and premeditated aggression: a controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; 17:341–349.
  • Feder R. Treatment of intermittent explosive disorder with sertraline in 3 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60:195-196.
  • Reist C, Nakamura K, Sagart E, Sokolski KN, Fujimoto KA. Impulsive aggressive behavior: open-label treatment with citalopram. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64:81-85.
  • Soloff PH, George A, Nathan RS, Schulz PM, Perel JM. Paradoxical effects of amitriptyline in borderline patients. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:1603-1605.
  • Hollander E, Berlin H, Stein DJ. Impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified. In Textbook of Psychiatry, 5th ed. (Eds RE Hales, SC Yudofsky, GO Gabbard):1227-1281. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2008.
  • Soloff PH, Cornelius J, Anselm G, Nathan S, Perel JM, Ulrich RF. Efficacy of phenelzine and haloperidol in borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:377-385.
  • Cowdry RW, Gardner DL. Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder: alprazolam, carbamazepine, trifluoperazine, and tranylcypromine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:111-119.
  • Links PS, Steiner M, Boiago I, Irwin D. Lithium therapy for borderline patients: preliminary findings. J Pers Disord 1990; 4:173-181.
  • Sheard M, Manini J, Bridges C, Wagner E. The effect of lithium on impulsive agressive behavior in man. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133:1409-1413.
  • Hollander E, Swann AC, Coccaro EF, Jiang P, Smith TB. Impact of trait impulsivity and state aggression on divalproex versus placebo response in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:621-624.
  • Kavoussi RK, Coccaro EF. Divalproex sodium for impulsive aggressive behavior in patients with personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59:676-680.
  • Hollander E, Tracy KA, Swann AC, Coccaro EF, McElroy SL, Wozniak P et al. Divalproex in the treatment of impulsive aggression: efficacy in cluster B personality disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28:1186-1197.
  • Mattes JA. Comparative effectiveness of carbamazepine and propranolol for rage outbursts. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2:159-164.
  • Mattes JA. Oxcarbazepine in patients with impulsive aggression: a double- blind,placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25:575-579.
  • Mattes JA. Levetiracetam in patients with impulsive aggression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69:310-315.
  • Jenkins SC, Maruta T. Therapeutic use of propranolol for intermittent explosive disorder. Mayo Clin Proc 1987; 62:204-214.
  • Kemph JP, DeVane CL, Levin GM, Jarecke R, Miller RL. Treatment of aggressive children with clonidine: results of an open pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32:577-581.
  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR. Olanzapine treatment of female borderline personality disorder patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62:849–854.
  • Coccaro EF. Intermittent explosive disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2000; 2:67-71.
  • Coccaro EF, Lee RJ, Kavoussi RJ. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in patients with intermittent explosive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70:653-662.

Aralıklı Patlayıcı Bozukluk

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, - 1, 01.09.2011
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20110318

Abstract

Aralıklı patlayıcı bozukluk ciddi saldırganlık ya da diğer insanların malına za-rar verme ile sonuçlanan ve yineleyen biçimde saldırganlık dürtülerine karşı koyamama atakları ile tanımlanan bir dürtü kontrol bozukluğudur. Önceleri oldukça nadir bir bozukluk olduğu bildirilmişse de, artık özellikle psikiyatrik örneklem gruplarında olmak üzere daha önce düşünüldüğünden çok daha sık görüldüğü kabul edilmektedir. Aralıklı patlayıcı bozukluğun etyolojisinde çocukluk travmaları gibi psikososyal nedenlerin yanı sıra genetik faktörler ve serotonin, noradrenalin ve dopamin gibi çeşitli nörotransmitter sistemlerindeki düzensizlikler gibi biyolojik nedenlerinde rol oynadığı bildirilmektedir. Bu bozukluğun ayırıcı tanısında alkol ve madde intoksikasyonu, antisosyal ve borderline kişilik bozuklukları, genel tıbbi duruma bağlı kişilik değişiklikleri ve davranım bozukluğu gibi agresyonun bir belirti olarak yer aldığı hastalıklar düşünülmelidir. Tedavisinde ise farmakolojik tedavi ile psikoterapötik sürecin bir arada sürdürülmesi önerilmektedir. Bu yazıda aralıklı patlayıcı bozukluk tanısının tarihsel gelişimi, tanı ölçütleri, epidemiyolojisi, nedenleri ve tedavi yaklaşımları gözden geçirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
  • Olvera RL. Intermittent explosive disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. CNS Drugs 2002; 16:517-526.
  • Tamam L. Başka türlü sınıflandırılmamış dürtü kontrol bozuklukları. In Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı (Eds E Köroğlu, C Güleç, S Şenol). Ankara, MedicoGraphics Matbaa- sı, 2007.
  • Gulli LF, Nasser B. Intermittent explosive disorder. In Gale Encylopedia of Mental Disorders Vol.2 (Eds E Thackery, M Harris):534-536. Farmington Hills, Thomson Gale, 2003.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2nd ed. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1968.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980.
  • Greenberg HR. Impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified. In Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry 8th ed. Vol.1. (Eds BJ Sadock, VA Sadock ):2035-2054 . Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association,
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Berman ME. Intermittent explosive disorder-revised: development, reliability and validity of research criteria. Compr Psychiatry 1998; 39:368-376.
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Hauger RL Cooper TB, Ferris CF.Cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin levels: correlates with aggression and serotonin function in personality- disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:708-714.
  • DiGiuseppe R, Tafrate RC. Understanding Anger Disorders. New York, Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Coccaro EF, Lee R, McCloskey M. Norepinephrine function in personality disorder: plasma free MHPG correlates inversely with life history of aggression. CNS Spectr 2003; 8:731-736.
  • Bradford J, Geller J, Lesieur HR, Rosenthal R, Wise M. Impulse control disorders. In DSM-IV Sourcebook Vol.2 (Eds TA Widiger, AJ Widiger, AJ Frances, HA Pincus, MB First, R Ross, W Davis):1007-1032. Washington D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
  • Koelsch S, Sammler D, Jenstchke S, Siebel WA. EEG correlates of moderate intermittent explosive disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:151-162.
  • Grant JE, Levine L, Kim D, Potenza MN. Impulse control disorders in adult psychiatric inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:2184-2188.
  • Kessler RC, Coccaro EF, Fava M, Jaeger S, Jin R, Walters E. The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV Intermittent Explosive Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63:669-678.
  • Monopolis S, Lion JR. Problems in the diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140:1200-1202.
  • Felthous AR, Bryant SG, Wingerter CB, Barratt E. The diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder in violent men. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1991;19:71-79.
  • Coccaro EF, Schmidt CA, Samuels JF Nestadt G. Lifetime and 1-month prevalence rates of intermittent explosive disorder in a community sample. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65:820-824.
  • Coccaro EF, Posternak MA, Zimmerman M. Prevalence and features of intermittent explosive disorder in a clinical setting. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66:1221-1227.
  • Tangur R. Sivas il merkezinde başka bir yerde sınıflandırılmamış dürtü kontrol bo- zuklukları: epidemiyoloji, komorbidite, belirti tarama listesi ve aile işlevlerinin değer- lendirilmesi (Uzmanlık Tezi). Sivas, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2001.
  • Tamam L, Zengin M, Karakuş G, Ozturk Z. The prevalence of impulse control disorders in an university psychiatry inpatient clinics. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülte- ni 2008; 18:153-161.
  • Annagür BB, Tamam L. Depresyon hastalarında dürtü kontrol bozuklukları eş tanıla- rı. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi 2011; 48:22-30.
  • McElroy SL, Soutullo CA, Beckman DA, Taylor P Jr, Keck PE Jr, DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder: a report of 27 cases. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59:203
  • Galovski T, Blanchard EB. Psychological characteristics of aggressive drivers with and without intermittent explosive disorder. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40:1157-1168.
  • Galovski T, Blanchard EB, Veazey C. Intermittent explosive disorder and other psychiatric comorbidity among court-referred and self-referred aggressive drivers. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40:641-651.
  • Kay J, Tasman A. Essentials of Psychiatry. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
  • Winer JA, Pollock GH. Disorders of impulse control. In Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 3rd ed. Vol.2 (Eds HI Kaplan, AM Freedman, BJ Sadock):1817-1829. Baltimore, Williams& Wilkins, 1980.
  • Bach-Y-Rita G, Lion JR, Climent CF, Ervin FR. Episodic dyscontrol: A study of 130 violent patients. Am J Psychiatry 1971; 127:1473-1478.
  • Mattes JA, Fink M. A family study of patients with temper outbursts. J Psychiatr Res 1987; 21:249–255.
  • Coccaro EF. A family history study of intermittent explosive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:1101-1105.
  • Coccaro EF. Intermittent explosive disorder. In Aggression: Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment (Ed EF Coccaro):149-166. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2003.
  • Seroczynski AD, Bergeman CS, Coccaro EF. Etiology of the impulsivity/aggression relationship: genes or environment? Psychiatry Res 1999; 86:41-57.
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ. Fluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:1081-1088.
  • Coccaro EF, Bergeman CS, Kavoussi RJ, Seroczynski AD. Heritability of aggression and irritability:a twin study of the Buss-Durkee Aggression Scales in adult male subjects. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:273-284.
  • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Cooper TB, Hauger RL. Central serotonin activity and aggression: inverse relationship with prolactin response to d-fenfluramine, but not CSF 5-HIAA concentration, in human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1430- 1435.
  • Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Dent KM, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF. Aggression and anger-related traits associated with a polymorphism of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:603-614.
  • Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF. A regulatory polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene may be associated with variability in aggression, impulsivity, and central nervous system serotonergic responsivity. Psychiatry Res 2000; 95:9-23.
  • Bioulac B, Benezech M, Renaud B, Noel B, Roche D. Serotoninergic dysfunction in the 47, XYY syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 1980; 15:917-923.
  • Coccaro EF. Intermittent explosive disorder: Taming temper tantrums in the volatile, impulsive adult. Curr Psychiatry 2003; 2:42-60.
  • Coccaro EF, Danehy M. Intermittent explosive disorder. In Clinical Manual of Impulse Control Disorders (Eds E Hollander, DJ Stein):19-38. Arlington, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2006.
  • Nielsen DA, Goldman D, Virkkunen M, Tokola R, Rawlings R, Linnoila M. Suicidality and 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration associated with a tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:34-38.
  • Virkkunen M, Rawlings R, Tokola R, Poland RE, Guidotti A, Nemeroff C et al. CSF biochemistries, glucose metabolism, and diurnal activity rhythms in alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and healthy volunteers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:20-27.
  • Brown GL, Goodwin FK, Ballenger JC, Gover PF, Major LF. Aggression in humans correlates with cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites. Psychiatry Res 1979; 1:131- 139.
  • Linnoila M, Virkkunen M, Scheinin M, Nuutila A, Rimon R, Goodwin FK. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid concentration differentiates impulsive from nonimpulsive violent behavior. Life Sci 1983; 33:2609-2614.
  • Abay E, Tuğlu C. Şiddet ve Agresyonun Nörobiyolojisi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2000; 3:21-26.
  • Coccaro EF, Berman ME, Kavoussi RJ, Hauger RL. Relationship of prolactin response to d-fenfluramine to behavioral and questionnaire assessments of aggression in personality-disordered men. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 40:157-164.
  • Lyons WE, Mamounas LA, Ricaurte GA, Coppola V, Reid SW, Bora SH et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-deficient mice develop aggressiveness and hyperphagia in conjunction with brain serotonergic abnormalities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 21:15239-15244.
  • Delville Y, Mansour KM, Ferris CF. Serotonin blocks vasopressin-facilitated offensive aggression: interactions within the ventrolateral hypothalamus of golden hamsters. Physiol Behav 1996; 59:813-816
  • Nelson RJ, Trainor BC. Neural mechanisms of aggression. Nature Rev Neurosci 2007; 8:536-546.
  • Saias T, Gallarda T. Paradoxical aggressive reactions to benzodiazepine use: a review. Encephale 2008; 34:330-336.
  • Soloff PH, Meltzer CC, Greer PJ, Constantine D, Kelly TM. A fenfluramine- activated FDG-PET study of borderline personality disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:540-547
  • Siever LJ, Buchsbaum MS, New AS, Spiegel-Cohen J, Wei T, Hazlett EA et al. D-L Fenfluramine response in impulsive personality disorder assessed with [18-F] fluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999; 20:413-423.
  • New AS, Hazlet EA, Buchsbaum MS, Goodman M, Reynolds D, Mitropoulou V et al. Blunted prefrontal cortical 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in impulsive aggression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59:621-629.
  • Witte AV, Flöel A, Stein P, Savli M, Mien LK, Wadsak W et al. Aggression is related to frontal serotonin-1A receptor distribution as revealed by PET in healthy subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:2558-2570.
  • Coccaro EF, Siever LJ, Klar HM, Maurer G, Cochrane K, Cooper TB et al. Serotonergic studies in affective and personality disorder: Correlates with suicidal and impulsive aggresive behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:587-599.
  • Davidson RJ, Putnam KM, Larson CL. Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation: a possible prelude to violence. Science 2000; 289: 591-594.
  • Amaral DG. Amygdala, social behavior, and danger detection. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 1000:337-347.
  • Izquierdo A, Suda RK, Murray EA. Comparison of the effects of bilateral orbital prefrontal cortex lesions and amygdala lesions on emotional responses in rhesus monkeys. J Neurosci 2005; 25:8534-8542.
  • Coccaro EF, McCloskey MS, Fitzgerald DA, Phan KL. Amygdala and orbitofrontal ractivity to social threat in individuals with impulsive aggression. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:168-178.
  • Saint Martin ML. Running Amok: A modern perspective on a culture-bound syndrome. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 1:66-70.
  • First MB, Frances A, Pincus HA. DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis., Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2002.
  • Simeon D, Berlin H. Impulse control disorders. In Psychiatry, 3rd ed. (Eds A Tas- man, J Kay, JA Lieberman, MB First, M Maj):1658-1701. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
  • Grodnitzky GR, Tafrate RC. Imaginal exposure for anger reduction in adult outpatients: a pilot study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2000; 31:259-279.
  • Deffenbacher JL, Filetti LB, Lynch RS Dahlen ER, Oetting ER. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of high anger drivers. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40:895-910.
  • Linehan MM, Tutek DA, Heard HL, Armstrong HE. Interpersonal outcome of cognitive behavioral treatment for chronically suicidal borderline patients. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:1771-1776.
  • Maiuro R. Intermittent explosive disorder In Current Psychiatric Therapy (Ed DL Dunner):482-488. Philadephia, WB Saunders, 1993.
  • Barratt ES, Stanford MS, Felthous AR, Kent TA. The effects of phenytoin on impulsive and premeditated aggression: a controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; 17:341–349.
  • Feder R. Treatment of intermittent explosive disorder with sertraline in 3 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60:195-196.
  • Reist C, Nakamura K, Sagart E, Sokolski KN, Fujimoto KA. Impulsive aggressive behavior: open-label treatment with citalopram. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64:81-85.
  • Soloff PH, George A, Nathan RS, Schulz PM, Perel JM. Paradoxical effects of amitriptyline in borderline patients. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:1603-1605.
  • Hollander E, Berlin H, Stein DJ. Impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified. In Textbook of Psychiatry, 5th ed. (Eds RE Hales, SC Yudofsky, GO Gabbard):1227-1281. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2008.
  • Soloff PH, Cornelius J, Anselm G, Nathan S, Perel JM, Ulrich RF. Efficacy of phenelzine and haloperidol in borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:377-385.
  • Cowdry RW, Gardner DL. Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder: alprazolam, carbamazepine, trifluoperazine, and tranylcypromine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:111-119.
  • Links PS, Steiner M, Boiago I, Irwin D. Lithium therapy for borderline patients: preliminary findings. J Pers Disord 1990; 4:173-181.
  • Sheard M, Manini J, Bridges C, Wagner E. The effect of lithium on impulsive agressive behavior in man. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133:1409-1413.
  • Hollander E, Swann AC, Coccaro EF, Jiang P, Smith TB. Impact of trait impulsivity and state aggression on divalproex versus placebo response in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:621-624.
  • Kavoussi RK, Coccaro EF. Divalproex sodium for impulsive aggressive behavior in patients with personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59:676-680.
  • Hollander E, Tracy KA, Swann AC, Coccaro EF, McElroy SL, Wozniak P et al. Divalproex in the treatment of impulsive aggression: efficacy in cluster B personality disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28:1186-1197.
  • Mattes JA. Comparative effectiveness of carbamazepine and propranolol for rage outbursts. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2:159-164.
  • Mattes JA. Oxcarbazepine in patients with impulsive aggression: a double- blind,placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25:575-579.
  • Mattes JA. Levetiracetam in patients with impulsive aggression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69:310-315.
  • Jenkins SC, Maruta T. Therapeutic use of propranolol for intermittent explosive disorder. Mayo Clin Proc 1987; 62:204-214.
  • Kemph JP, DeVane CL, Levin GM, Jarecke R, Miller RL. Treatment of aggressive children with clonidine: results of an open pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32:577-581.
  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR. Olanzapine treatment of female borderline personality disorder patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62:849–854.
  • Coccaro EF. Intermittent explosive disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2000; 2:67-71.
  • Coccaro EF, Lee RJ, Kavoussi RJ. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in patients with intermittent explosive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70:653-662.
There are 88 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Lut Tamam This is me

Meliha Zengin Eroğlu This is me

Özlem Paltacı This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Tamam L, Eroğlu MZ, Paltacı Ö. Aralıklı Patlayıcı Bozukluk. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. September 2011;3(3):1. doi:10.5455/cap.20110318

Creative Commons License
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.