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Cancer and Psychiatric Disorders

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 343 - 367, 01.06.2011

Abstract

Cancer diagnosis which is used as synonym of "death", "pain" and "sorrow" leads to a hard-coping period in these patients which requires a rapid intervention. Studies conducted in cancer patients regarding prevalance of psychiatric illnesses reported rates ranging from 9 % to 60%. In many cancer patients, psychiatric disorders can be seen as a reaction to disease or cancer tratment, while in ten precent of cases it can be seen as an aggrevation of premorbid personality disorders or anxiety disorders. Although psychiatric disorders in cancer patients can be treated and by this way, morbidity and mortality of these disorders can be prevented, these disorders are underdiagnosed and not properly treated in many patients. In this article, we briefly reviewed literature about psychiatric disorders and symptoms in cancer patients, their diagnosis and treatment suggestions.

References

  • Tavoli A, Mohagheghi MA, Moztazeri A, Roshan R, Tavoli Z, Omidvari S. Anxiety and depression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: does knowledge of cancer diagnosis matter? BMC Gastroenterology 2007; 7:28.
  • Lederberg MS. Psychooncology. In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Ed. (Eds. BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):2196-2225. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • Çevik A. Psikosomatik bozukluklar. In Onkolojik Hastalıkların Psikosomatik Yönü (Ed A Çevik):77-90. Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 1996.
  • Kübler-Ross E. Ölüm ve Ölmek Üzerine. İstanbul, Boyner Holding Yayınları, 1997.
  • Zisook S, Zisook SA. Death, dying, and bereavement. In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Ed. (Eds. BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):2367- 2393. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • Kadan-Lottick NS, Vanderwerker LC, Bkock SD, Zhang B, Prigerson HG. Psychiatric disorders and mental health service use in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2005; 104:2872 -2881.
  • Boyle P, Levin B. Dünya Kanser Raporu 2008. Lyon, Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma- ları Kurumu, 2008.
  • Tokgöz G, Yaluğ İ, Özdemir S, Yazıcı A, Uygun K, Aker T. Kanserli hastalarda trav- ma sonrası stres bozukluğunun yaygınlığı ve ruhsal gelişim. Yeni Symposium 2008; 46:51-61.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
  • Ateşçi FÇ, Oğuzhanoğlu NK, Baltalarlı B, Karadağ F, Özdel O, Karagöz N. Kanser hastalarında psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve ilişkili etmenler. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2003; 14:145-152.
  • Özgüven HD, Tuncer ET. Uyum bozukluğu. Kriz Dergisi 1997; 5:87-94.
  • Alacacıoğlu A, Yavuzşen T, Diriöz M, Yeşil L, Bayrı D, Yılmaz Y. Kemoterapi alan kanser hastalarında anksiyete düzeylerindeki değişiklikler. Uluslararası Hematoloji- Onkoloji Dergisi 2007; 17:87-93.
  • Yıldırım NK, Özkan M, Özkan S, Özçınar B, Güler SA, Özmen V. Meme kanserli hastaların tedavi öncesi ve sonrası anksiyete depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi: Bir yıllık prospektif değerlendirme sonuçları. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi 2009; 46:175-181.
  • Karakoyun-Çelik O, Görken I, Sahin S, Orcin E, Alanyalı H, Kinay M. Depression and anxiety levels in woman under follow-up for breast cancer: relationship to coping with cancer and quality of life. Med Oncol 2010; 27:108-113.
  • Roth AJ, Weinberger MI, Nelson CJ. Prostate Cancer: Quality of life, psychosocial implications and treatment choices. Future Oncol 2008; 4:561-568.
  • Elbi H. Kanser ve psikiyatrik sorunlar. Ege Psikiyatri Sürekli Yayınları, 1997; 2:173- 187.
  • Hamann HA, Somers TJ, Smıth AW, Inslicht SS, Baum A. Posttraumatic Stres associated with cancer history and BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Psychosomatic Med 2005; 67: 766-772.
  • Çakmak D, Evren C. Alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları. İstanbul, Özgül Matba- acılık, 2006.
  • Nelson CJ, Berk AR, Holland J, Roth AJ. Are gold standard depression measures appropriate for use in geriatric cancer patients? A systematic evaluation of self-report depression instruments used with geriatric, cancer, and geriatric cancer samples. J Clin Oncol 2009; 28:348-356.
  • Tokgöz G, Yaluğ İ, Özdemir S, Yazıcı A, Uygun K, Aker T. Kanser hastalarında major depresyon yaygınlığı ve ilişkili etkenler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008; 9:59- 66.
  • Carr D, Goudas L, Lawrence D, Pirl W, Lau J, DeVine D et al. Management of Cancer Symptoms: Pain, Depression, and Fatigue (Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 61). Rockville, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2002.
  • Cassem NH, Bernstein JG. Depressed patients. In Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of General Hospital Psychiatry (Eds NH Cassem, TA Stern, JF Rosenbaum, M Jellinek):35-68. St. Louis, Mosby, 1997.
  • Onitilo AA, Nietert PJ, Egede LE. Effect of depression on all cause mortality in adults with cancer and differential effects by cancer site. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006; 28:396- 402.
  • Weinberger MI, Roth AJ, Nelson CJ. Untangling the complexities of depression diagnosis in older cancer patients. Oncologist 2009; 14:60-66.
  • Boothby MRK, Hill J, Holcomre C, Clark L, Fisher J, Salmon P. HAD ve GSA- 12’nin meme kanseri hastalarında psikiyatrik hastalanmayı belirlemedeki gücü. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2010; 21:49-59.
  • Mete HE, Önen Ö. Kanserli hastalarda depresyon. Duygudurum Dizisi 2001; 4:184- 191.
  • Sertöz Ö, Mete HE. Bedensel hastalıklarda depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2004; 2:63- 69.
  • Sherman LK, Fisch MJ. Cance and mood disorders. In Psychiatry Highlights 2003-4 (Ed M Lader):80-87. Albuquerque, Health Press, 2004.
  • Goldstein D, Bennett B, Friedlander M, Davenport T, Hickie I, Lloyd A. Fatigue states after cancer treatment occur both in association with, and independent of, mood disorder: a longitudinal study. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:240.
  • Lewy MR. Cancer fatigue: A neurobiological review for psychiatrists. Psychosomatics 2008; 49:283-291.
  • Ryan JL, Carroll JK, Ryan EP, Mustion KM, Fiscella K, Morrow GR. Mechanisms of cancer - related fatigue. Oncologist 2007; 12:22-34.
  • Piper BF, Dibble SL, Dodd MJ, Weiss MC, Slaughter RE, Paul SM. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 1998; 25:677-684.
  • Mock V, Dow KH, Meares CJ Grimm PM, Dienemann JA, Haisfield-Wolfe ME et al. Effects of exercise on fatigue, physical functioning, and emotional distress during radiation therapy for breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 1997; 24:991-1000.
  • Littlewood TJ, Bajetta E, Nortier JW, Vercammen E, Rapoport B. Effects of epoetin alfa on hematologic parameters and quality of life in cancer patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2865-2874.
  • Roscoe JA, Kaufman EM, Matteson SE, Palesh OG, Ryan JL, Kohli S et al. Cancer related fatigue and sleep disorders. Oncologist 2007; 12(suppl):35-42.
  • Bond SM, Neelon VJ, Belyea MJ. Delirium in hospitalized older patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2006; 33:1775-1783.
  • Michaud L, Burnand B, Stiefel F. Taking care of the terminally ill cancer patient: Delirium as a symptom of terminal disease. Ann Oncol 2004; 15(Suppl 4):199-203.
  • Gagnon B, Low G, Schreier G. Methylphenidate hydrochloride improves cognitive function in patients with advanced cancer and hypoactive delirium: a prospective clinical study. J Psychiatr Neurosci 2005; 30:100-107.
  • Tuna R, Deangelis LM. Altered mental status in patients with cancer. Arch Neurol 2005; 57:1727-1731.
  • Kuo j. The prevalance of psychological psychiatric sequelae of cancer in the elderly- how much do whe know. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2005; 34:250-256.
  • Kenneth D. Cognitive disorders: Introduction and overview. In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Ed. (Eds. BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):1054- 1068. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • Twombly R. Decades after cancer, suicide risk remains high. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:1356-1358.
  • Schairer C, Brown LM, Chen BE, Howard R, Lynch CF, Hall P et al. Suicide after breast cancer: An international population- based study of 723.810 women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:1416-1419.
  • Burgess CC, Ramirez AJ, Smith P, Richards MA. Do adverse life events and mood disorders influence delayed presentation of breast cancer? J Psychosom Res 2000; 48:171-1 75.
  • Yousaf U, Christensen ML, Engholm G, Storm HH. Suicides among Danish cancer patients 1971 - 1999. Br J Cancer 2005; 92 :995- 1000,.
  • Nusbaum MRH, Hamilton C, Leanahan P. Chronic illness and sexual functioning. Am Fam Physician 2003; 67:347-354.
  • Tiryaki A, Özkorumak E, Civil Aslan F, Yavuz AA. Remisyonda testis kanseri hasta- larında cinsel doyum ve yaşam kalitesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2009; 10:233-238.
  • Yalın Ş, Varol Taş F, Akay A, Yılmaz Ş. Akut lenfoblastik lösemili bir olguda tedavi sürecinde gelişen psikiyatrik belirtiler ve akut organik beyin sendromu. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2005; 12:30-36.
  • Hess LM, Insel KC. Chemotherapy-related change in cognitive function: A conceptual model. Oncol Nurs Forum 2007; 34:981-994.
  • Özaslan A, Akyıldız EÜ, Çelik S, Koç S, Tuğlu H. Kanser hastalarında intihar riski. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp Dergisi 2010; 7:42-47.
  • Yıldırım S, Gürkan A. Psikososyal açıdan kanser ve psikiyatri hemşiresinin rolü. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2010; 26:87-97.
  • Özkan S, Alçalar N. Meme kanserinin cerrahi tedavisine psikolojik tepkiler. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2009; 5:60-64.

Kanser ve Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 343 - 367, 01.06.2011

Abstract

Ölüm, ağrı ve acı çekme ile eş anlamlı olarak düşünülen kanser, hastanın zorlu bir başa çıkma dönemi geçirmesine neden olan ve acilen müdahale etmeyi gerektiren bir kriz durumu yaratır. Yapılan çalışmalar, kanser hastaları arasında psikiyatrik hastalık sıklıkğının oldukça yaygın olduğunu bildirmiştir. Kanser hastalarının büyük bir kısmında psikiyatrik bozukluklar, hastalığa ya da kanser tedavisine tepki olarak ortaya çıkarken, %10'unda kişilik bozukluğu ya da anksiyete bozukluğu gibi kanser tanısı öncesinde varolan psikiyatrik bozuklukların alevlenmesi söz konusudur. Kanser sürecinde görülen psikiyatrik bozukluklar tedavi edilebilir ve bu yolla morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltabilir olsa da, ruhsal bozuklukların çoğu zaman tanınmadığı ve tedavi edilmediği bildirilmektedir. Bu makalede kanser hastalarında görülen psikiyatrik bozukluk ve belirtilerin tanı ve tedavisine yönelik bilgiler gözden geçirilmiştir.

References

  • Tavoli A, Mohagheghi MA, Moztazeri A, Roshan R, Tavoli Z, Omidvari S. Anxiety and depression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: does knowledge of cancer diagnosis matter? BMC Gastroenterology 2007; 7:28.
  • Lederberg MS. Psychooncology. In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Ed. (Eds. BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):2196-2225. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • Çevik A. Psikosomatik bozukluklar. In Onkolojik Hastalıkların Psikosomatik Yönü (Ed A Çevik):77-90. Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 1996.
  • Kübler-Ross E. Ölüm ve Ölmek Üzerine. İstanbul, Boyner Holding Yayınları, 1997.
  • Zisook S, Zisook SA. Death, dying, and bereavement. In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Ed. (Eds. BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):2367- 2393. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • Kadan-Lottick NS, Vanderwerker LC, Bkock SD, Zhang B, Prigerson HG. Psychiatric disorders and mental health service use in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2005; 104:2872 -2881.
  • Boyle P, Levin B. Dünya Kanser Raporu 2008. Lyon, Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma- ları Kurumu, 2008.
  • Tokgöz G, Yaluğ İ, Özdemir S, Yazıcı A, Uygun K, Aker T. Kanserli hastalarda trav- ma sonrası stres bozukluğunun yaygınlığı ve ruhsal gelişim. Yeni Symposium 2008; 46:51-61.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
  • Ateşçi FÇ, Oğuzhanoğlu NK, Baltalarlı B, Karadağ F, Özdel O, Karagöz N. Kanser hastalarında psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve ilişkili etmenler. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2003; 14:145-152.
  • Özgüven HD, Tuncer ET. Uyum bozukluğu. Kriz Dergisi 1997; 5:87-94.
  • Alacacıoğlu A, Yavuzşen T, Diriöz M, Yeşil L, Bayrı D, Yılmaz Y. Kemoterapi alan kanser hastalarında anksiyete düzeylerindeki değişiklikler. Uluslararası Hematoloji- Onkoloji Dergisi 2007; 17:87-93.
  • Yıldırım NK, Özkan M, Özkan S, Özçınar B, Güler SA, Özmen V. Meme kanserli hastaların tedavi öncesi ve sonrası anksiyete depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi: Bir yıllık prospektif değerlendirme sonuçları. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi 2009; 46:175-181.
  • Karakoyun-Çelik O, Görken I, Sahin S, Orcin E, Alanyalı H, Kinay M. Depression and anxiety levels in woman under follow-up for breast cancer: relationship to coping with cancer and quality of life. Med Oncol 2010; 27:108-113.
  • Roth AJ, Weinberger MI, Nelson CJ. Prostate Cancer: Quality of life, psychosocial implications and treatment choices. Future Oncol 2008; 4:561-568.
  • Elbi H. Kanser ve psikiyatrik sorunlar. Ege Psikiyatri Sürekli Yayınları, 1997; 2:173- 187.
  • Hamann HA, Somers TJ, Smıth AW, Inslicht SS, Baum A. Posttraumatic Stres associated with cancer history and BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Psychosomatic Med 2005; 67: 766-772.
  • Çakmak D, Evren C. Alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları. İstanbul, Özgül Matba- acılık, 2006.
  • Nelson CJ, Berk AR, Holland J, Roth AJ. Are gold standard depression measures appropriate for use in geriatric cancer patients? A systematic evaluation of self-report depression instruments used with geriatric, cancer, and geriatric cancer samples. J Clin Oncol 2009; 28:348-356.
  • Tokgöz G, Yaluğ İ, Özdemir S, Yazıcı A, Uygun K, Aker T. Kanser hastalarında major depresyon yaygınlığı ve ilişkili etkenler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008; 9:59- 66.
  • Carr D, Goudas L, Lawrence D, Pirl W, Lau J, DeVine D et al. Management of Cancer Symptoms: Pain, Depression, and Fatigue (Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 61). Rockville, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2002.
  • Cassem NH, Bernstein JG. Depressed patients. In Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of General Hospital Psychiatry (Eds NH Cassem, TA Stern, JF Rosenbaum, M Jellinek):35-68. St. Louis, Mosby, 1997.
  • Onitilo AA, Nietert PJ, Egede LE. Effect of depression on all cause mortality in adults with cancer and differential effects by cancer site. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006; 28:396- 402.
  • Weinberger MI, Roth AJ, Nelson CJ. Untangling the complexities of depression diagnosis in older cancer patients. Oncologist 2009; 14:60-66.
  • Boothby MRK, Hill J, Holcomre C, Clark L, Fisher J, Salmon P. HAD ve GSA- 12’nin meme kanseri hastalarında psikiyatrik hastalanmayı belirlemedeki gücü. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2010; 21:49-59.
  • Mete HE, Önen Ö. Kanserli hastalarda depresyon. Duygudurum Dizisi 2001; 4:184- 191.
  • Sertöz Ö, Mete HE. Bedensel hastalıklarda depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2004; 2:63- 69.
  • Sherman LK, Fisch MJ. Cance and mood disorders. In Psychiatry Highlights 2003-4 (Ed M Lader):80-87. Albuquerque, Health Press, 2004.
  • Goldstein D, Bennett B, Friedlander M, Davenport T, Hickie I, Lloyd A. Fatigue states after cancer treatment occur both in association with, and independent of, mood disorder: a longitudinal study. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:240.
  • Lewy MR. Cancer fatigue: A neurobiological review for psychiatrists. Psychosomatics 2008; 49:283-291.
  • Ryan JL, Carroll JK, Ryan EP, Mustion KM, Fiscella K, Morrow GR. Mechanisms of cancer - related fatigue. Oncologist 2007; 12:22-34.
  • Piper BF, Dibble SL, Dodd MJ, Weiss MC, Slaughter RE, Paul SM. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 1998; 25:677-684.
  • Mock V, Dow KH, Meares CJ Grimm PM, Dienemann JA, Haisfield-Wolfe ME et al. Effects of exercise on fatigue, physical functioning, and emotional distress during radiation therapy for breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 1997; 24:991-1000.
  • Littlewood TJ, Bajetta E, Nortier JW, Vercammen E, Rapoport B. Effects of epoetin alfa on hematologic parameters and quality of life in cancer patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2865-2874.
  • Roscoe JA, Kaufman EM, Matteson SE, Palesh OG, Ryan JL, Kohli S et al. Cancer related fatigue and sleep disorders. Oncologist 2007; 12(suppl):35-42.
  • Bond SM, Neelon VJ, Belyea MJ. Delirium in hospitalized older patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2006; 33:1775-1783.
  • Michaud L, Burnand B, Stiefel F. Taking care of the terminally ill cancer patient: Delirium as a symptom of terminal disease. Ann Oncol 2004; 15(Suppl 4):199-203.
  • Gagnon B, Low G, Schreier G. Methylphenidate hydrochloride improves cognitive function in patients with advanced cancer and hypoactive delirium: a prospective clinical study. J Psychiatr Neurosci 2005; 30:100-107.
  • Tuna R, Deangelis LM. Altered mental status in patients with cancer. Arch Neurol 2005; 57:1727-1731.
  • Kuo j. The prevalance of psychological psychiatric sequelae of cancer in the elderly- how much do whe know. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2005; 34:250-256.
  • Kenneth D. Cognitive disorders: Introduction and overview. In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th Ed. (Eds. BJ Sadock, VA Sadock):1054- 1068. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
  • Twombly R. Decades after cancer, suicide risk remains high. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:1356-1358.
  • Schairer C, Brown LM, Chen BE, Howard R, Lynch CF, Hall P et al. Suicide after breast cancer: An international population- based study of 723.810 women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:1416-1419.
  • Burgess CC, Ramirez AJ, Smith P, Richards MA. Do adverse life events and mood disorders influence delayed presentation of breast cancer? J Psychosom Res 2000; 48:171-1 75.
  • Yousaf U, Christensen ML, Engholm G, Storm HH. Suicides among Danish cancer patients 1971 - 1999. Br J Cancer 2005; 92 :995- 1000,.
  • Nusbaum MRH, Hamilton C, Leanahan P. Chronic illness and sexual functioning. Am Fam Physician 2003; 67:347-354.
  • Tiryaki A, Özkorumak E, Civil Aslan F, Yavuz AA. Remisyonda testis kanseri hasta- larında cinsel doyum ve yaşam kalitesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2009; 10:233-238.
  • Yalın Ş, Varol Taş F, Akay A, Yılmaz Ş. Akut lenfoblastik lösemili bir olguda tedavi sürecinde gelişen psikiyatrik belirtiler ve akut organik beyin sendromu. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2005; 12:30-36.
  • Hess LM, Insel KC. Chemotherapy-related change in cognitive function: A conceptual model. Oncol Nurs Forum 2007; 34:981-994.
  • Özaslan A, Akyıldız EÜ, Çelik S, Koç S, Tuğlu H. Kanser hastalarında intihar riski. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp Dergisi 2010; 7:42-47.
  • Yıldırım S, Gürkan A. Psikososyal açıdan kanser ve psikiyatri hemşiresinin rolü. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2010; 26:87-97.
  • Özkan S, Alçalar N. Meme kanserinin cerrahi tedavisine psikolojik tepkiler. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2009; 5:60-64.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Gülcan Güleç This is me

Alev Büyükkınacı This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Güleç G, Büyükkınacı A. Kanser ve Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. June 2011;3(2):343-367.

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