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Night Eating Disorders

Year 2009, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 132 - 154, 01.06.2009

Abstract

Hunger is an awakening related biological impulse. The relationship between hunger and sleep is moderated by the control of homeostatic and circadian rhytms of the body. Abnormal eating behavior during sleep period could result from different causes. Abnormal eating during the main sleep period has been categorized as either night eating syndrome or sleep related eating disorder. Night eating syndrome (NES) is an eating disorder characterised by the clinical features of morning anorexia, evening hyperphagia, and insomnia with awakenings followed by nocturnal food ingestion. Recently night eating syndrome, conceptualized as a delayed circadian intake of food. Sleep-related eating disorder, thought to represent a parasomnia and as such included within the revised International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2), and characterized by nocturnal partial arousals associated with recurrent episodes of involuntary food consumption and altered levels of consciousness. Whether, however, sleep-related eating disorder and night eating syndrome represent different diseases or are part of a continuum is still debated. This review summarizes their characteristics, treatment outcomes and differences between them.

References

  • Morgenthaler TI, Silber MH. Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem. Sleep Medicine 2002;3:323-327.
  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. Rochester, MN: American Academy of Sleep Medicine: 2000.
  • Stunkard AJ, Grace WJ, Wolff HG. The night-eating syndrome: a pattern of food intake among certain obese patients. Am J Med 1955;19:78–86.
  • Birketvedt GS, Florholmen JR, Sundsfjord J, Osterud B, Dinges D, Bilker W, et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of the night-eating syndrome. JAMA 1999; 282:657–663.
  • de Zwaan M, Roerig D, Crosby R, Karaz S, Mitchell J. Nighttime eating: A descriptive study. Int J Eat Disord 2006; 39:224–232.
  • Stunkard AJ. Eating Disorders and Obesity A Comprehensive Handbook. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2002.
  • Stunkard AJ, Allison KC, O’Reardon JP. The night eating syndrome: a progress report. Appetite 2005;45:182–186.
  • O’Reardon JP, Ringel BL, Dinges DF, Allison KC, Rogers NL, Martino NS, et al. Circadian eating and sleeping patterns in the night eating syndrome. Obes Res 2004; 12:1789-1796.
  • Allison KC, Martino NS, O’Reardon JP, Stunkard AJ. CBT treatment for night eating syndrome: A pilot study. Obes Res 2005;13:A83-A84.
  • Berry EM, Growdon JH, Wurtman JJ, Caballero B, Wurtman RJ. A balanced carbohydrate: protein diet in the management of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1991; 41:1295 – 1297.
  • Yokogoshi H, Wurtman RJ. Meal composition and plasma amino acid ratios: effects of various proteins or carbohydrates, and of various protein concentrations. Metab Clin Exp 1986; 35:637– 642.
  • Adami GE, Meneghelli A, Scopinaro N. Night eating syndrome in individuals with Mediterranean eating-style. Eat Weight Disord. 1997; 2:203–206.
  • Mazzetti di Pietralata M, Florentino MT, Guidi M, Leonardi C. Night eating syndrome: preliminary results. Eat Weight Disord 2000; 5:92–101
  • Rand CSW, Macgregor MD, Stunkard AJ. The night eating syndrome in the general population and among post-operative obesity surgery patients. Int J Eat Disord 1997; 22:65– 69.
  • Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz R, Wadden T, Tanrikut C, Reiss E, Young L. Binge eating disorder and the night eating syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20: 1– 6.
  • Gluck ME, Geliebter A, Satov T. Night eating syndrome is associated with depression, low self-esteem, reduced daytime hunger, and less weight loss in obese outpatients. Obes Res 2001; 9: 264–267.
  • Cerş-Björk C, Andersson I, Rössner S. Night eating and nocturnal eating—two different or similar syndromes among obese patients? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 365–372.
  • Adami GE, Meneghelli A, Scopinaro N. Night eating and binge eating disorder in obese patients. Int J Eat Disord 1999; 25: 335−338.
  • Allison KC, Wadden TA, Sarwer DB, Fabricatore AN, Crerand C, Gibbons L, et al. Night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder among persons seeking bariatric surgery: prevalence and related features. Obesity 2006; 14: 77S−82S.
  • Hsu LKG, Betancourt S, Sullivan SP. Eating disturbances before and after vertical banded gastroplasty: a pilot study. Int J Eat Disord 1996; 19: 23– 34.
  • Andersen GS, Stunkard AJ, Sorensen TI, Petersen L, Heitmann BL. Night eating and weight change in middle-aged men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28:1338–1343.
  • Lamerz A, Kuepper-Nybelen J, Bruning N, Wehle C, Trost-Brinkhues G, Brenner H, et al. Prevalence of obesity, binge eating, and night eating in a cross- sectional field survey of 6-year-old children and their parents in a German ur- ban population. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005; 46:385–393.
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  • Greeno CG, Wing RR, Marcus MD. Nocturnal eating in binge eating disorder matched–weight controls. Int J Eat Disord 1995; 18:343-349.
  • Aronoff NJ, Geliebter A, Zammit G. Gender and body mass index as related to the night-eating syndrome in obese outpatients. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101: 102-104.
  • Striegel-Moore RH, Franko DL, Thompson D, Affenito S, Kraemer H. Night eating: Prevalence and demographic correlates. Obesity 2006; 14:139−147.
  • Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: Association with obesity, binge eating and psychological distress. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1722–1730.
  • Rein AK, Mühlhans B, de Zwaan M. Nocturnal eating in obese patients prior to bariatric surgery. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2007; 57:442–447.
  • Striegel-Moore RH, Thompson D, Franko DL, Barton BA, Affenito S, Schreiber GB, et al. Definitions of night eating in adolescent girls. Obes Res 2004;12:1311–1321.
  • Rasmussen F, Tholin F, Tynelius PO. Importance of genes and environmental factors for symptoms of night eating among 5209 pairs of twins from Sweden. Int J Obes 2007; T4:PO.21.
  • Marshall HM, Allison KC, O'Reardon JP, Birketvedt G, Stunkard AJ. Night eating syndrome among nonobese persons. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 35:217-222.
  • Napolitano MA, Head S, Babyak MA, Blumenthal JA. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: psychological and behavioral characteristics. Int J Eat Disord 2001; 30:193-203. eating syndrome in adults. Sleep 1994;17:339-344.
  • Kant AK, Schatzkin A, Ballard-Barbash R. Evening eating and subsequent long- term weight change in a national cohort. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21:407-412.
  • Allison KC, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Stunkard AJ. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: a comparative study of disordered eating. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 73:1107-1115.
  • Geliebter A. New developments in binge eating disorder and the night eating syndrome. Appetite 2002; 38:1-3.
  • Birketvedt GS, Sundsfjord J, Florholmen JR. Hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in the night eating syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282:366–369.
  • Qin L, Li J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xu J, Kaneko T. The effects of nocturnal life on endocrine circadian patterns in healthy adults. Life Sci 2003; 73:2467–2475.
  • Birketvedt G, Sundsfjord J, Florholmen JR. Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis in the night eating syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282: E366 – E369.
  • Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Lin HM, Prolo P, Mastorakos G, Vela-Bueno A, et al. Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis: clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 3787 – 3794.
  • Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: Overview of physical and behavioral homeostatsis. JAMA 1992; 267:1244 – 1252.
  • Goel N, Stunkard A, Rogers N, Van Dongen H, Allison KC, O’Reardon J, et al. Circadian rhythm profiles in women with night eating syndrome. J Biol Rhythms 2009; 24:85-94.
  • Manni R, Ratti MT, Tartara A. Nocturnal eating: prevalence and features in 120 insomniac referrals. Sleep 1997; 20:734-738.
  • Allison KC, Engel SG, Crosby RD, de Zwaan M, O’Reardon JP, Wonderlich SA, et al. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for night eating syndrome using item response theory analysis. Eat Behav 2008; 9:398-407.
  • Vander Wal JS, Waller SM, Klurfeld DM, McBurney MI, Dhurandhar NV. Night eating syndrome: evaluation of two screening instruments. Eat Behav 2005; 6:63-73.
  • Trojian TH, Jow V. Night eating syndrome presenting as anorexia in an athlete: case report and review. Curr Sports Med Rep 2009; 8:182-185.
  • Allison KC, Lundgren JD, O’Reardon JP, Martino NS. The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ): psychometric properties of a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome. Eat Behav 2008; 9:62-72.
  • Allison KC, Lundgren JD, O'Reardon JP, Geliebter A, Gluck ME, Vinai P, et al. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Night Eating Syndrome. Int J Eat Disord 2009;17.
  • Napolitano MA, Head S, Babyak MA, Blumenthal JA. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: psychological and behavioral characteristics. Int J Eat Disord 2001; 30:193-203.
  • Stunkard AJ, Allison KC. Two forms of disordered in obesity: binge eating and night eating. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:1-12. eating syndrome in adults. Sleep 1994; 17: 339 – 344.
  • Lundgren JD, Newberg AB, Allison KC, Wintering NA, Ploessl K, Stunkard AJ. 123I-ADAM SPECT imaging of serotonin transporter binding in patients with night eating syndrome: a preliminary report. Psychiatry Res 2008; 162:214- 220.
  • Miyaoka T, Yasukawa R, Tsubouchi K, Miura S, Shimizu Y, Sukegawa T, et al. Successful treatment of nocturnal eating/drinking syndrome with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003; 18:175-177.
  • O’Reardon JP, Allison KC, Martino NS, Lundgren JD, Heo M, Stunkard AJ. A randomized, placebocontrolled trial of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163:893-898.
  • Winkelman JW. Treatment of nocturnal eating syndrome and sleep-related eating disorder with topiramate. Sleep Med 2003;4:243-246.
  • Schenck CH, Connoy DA, Castellanos M, Johnson B, Werner R, Willis. Zolpidem-induced amnestic sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) in 19 partients. Sleep 2005; 28:A259.
  • Pawlow LA, O’Neil PM, Malcolm RJ. Night eating syndrome: effects of brief relaxation training on stress, mood, hunger, and eating patterns. Int J Obesity 2003; 27:970-978.
  • Bylesjo EI, Boman K, Wetterberg L. Obesity treated with photo-therapy: four case studies. Int J Eat Disord 1996; 20:443-446.
  • Friedman S, Even C, Thuile J, Rouillon F, Guelfi JD. Night eating syndrome and winter seasonal affective disorder. Appetite 2006; 47:119-122.
  • Schenck CH, Hurwitz TD, Bundlie SR, Mahowald MW. Sleep-related eating disorders: polysomnographic correlates of a heterogeneous syndrome distinct from daytime eating disorders. Sleep 1991; 14:419–431.
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Gece Yeme Bozuklukları

Year 2009, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 132 - 154, 01.06.2009

Abstract

Açlık uyanıklıkla ilişkili bir biyolojik dürtüdür. Açlık ve uyku arasındaki ilişki ise, homeostatik ve sirkadiyen ritimlerin kontrolü ile düzenlenir. Uyku dönemi sırasında olan anormal yeme davranışı, farklı nedenlerden kaynaklanabilmektedir.Asıl uyku periyodu sırasındaki anormal yeme davranışları ya gece yeme sendromu ya da uykuyla ilişkili yeme bozukluğu olarak adlandırılır. Gece yeme sendromu sabahları anoreksi, akşam hiperfaji ve uykudan uyanma sonrası nokturnal yemek yemelerin, insomniaya eşlik ettiği bir yeme bozukluğudur. Son zamanlarda gece yeme sendromu yiyeceklerin yenmesinde sirkadiyen gecikme şeklinde kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Uykuyla ilişkili yeme bozukluğu Uluslararası Uyku Bozuklukları Sınıflandırmasında da yer alan bir parasomni-dir ve uyku sırasında yineleyici şekilde ortaya çıkan istem dışı yemek yeme episodları ve değişen düzeylerde uyanıklık ile karakterizedir. Ancak uykuyla ilişkili yeme bozukluğu ve gece yeme sendromunun farklı hastalıklar mı yoksa bir bütünün parçaları mı olduğu halen tartışmalıdır. Bu derleme yazısında her iki bozukluğun özellikleri, tedavi sonuçları ve aralarındaki farklılıklar özetlenmiştir.

References

  • Morgenthaler TI, Silber MH. Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem. Sleep Medicine 2002;3:323-327.
  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. Rochester, MN: American Academy of Sleep Medicine: 2000.
  • Stunkard AJ, Grace WJ, Wolff HG. The night-eating syndrome: a pattern of food intake among certain obese patients. Am J Med 1955;19:78–86.
  • Birketvedt GS, Florholmen JR, Sundsfjord J, Osterud B, Dinges D, Bilker W, et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of the night-eating syndrome. JAMA 1999; 282:657–663.
  • de Zwaan M, Roerig D, Crosby R, Karaz S, Mitchell J. Nighttime eating: A descriptive study. Int J Eat Disord 2006; 39:224–232.
  • Stunkard AJ. Eating Disorders and Obesity A Comprehensive Handbook. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2002.
  • Stunkard AJ, Allison KC, O’Reardon JP. The night eating syndrome: a progress report. Appetite 2005;45:182–186.
  • O’Reardon JP, Ringel BL, Dinges DF, Allison KC, Rogers NL, Martino NS, et al. Circadian eating and sleeping patterns in the night eating syndrome. Obes Res 2004; 12:1789-1796.
  • Allison KC, Martino NS, O’Reardon JP, Stunkard AJ. CBT treatment for night eating syndrome: A pilot study. Obes Res 2005;13:A83-A84.
  • Berry EM, Growdon JH, Wurtman JJ, Caballero B, Wurtman RJ. A balanced carbohydrate: protein diet in the management of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1991; 41:1295 – 1297.
  • Yokogoshi H, Wurtman RJ. Meal composition and plasma amino acid ratios: effects of various proteins or carbohydrates, and of various protein concentrations. Metab Clin Exp 1986; 35:637– 642.
  • Adami GE, Meneghelli A, Scopinaro N. Night eating syndrome in individuals with Mediterranean eating-style. Eat Weight Disord. 1997; 2:203–206.
  • Mazzetti di Pietralata M, Florentino MT, Guidi M, Leonardi C. Night eating syndrome: preliminary results. Eat Weight Disord 2000; 5:92–101
  • Rand CSW, Macgregor MD, Stunkard AJ. The night eating syndrome in the general population and among post-operative obesity surgery patients. Int J Eat Disord 1997; 22:65– 69.
  • Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz R, Wadden T, Tanrikut C, Reiss E, Young L. Binge eating disorder and the night eating syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20: 1– 6.
  • Gluck ME, Geliebter A, Satov T. Night eating syndrome is associated with depression, low self-esteem, reduced daytime hunger, and less weight loss in obese outpatients. Obes Res 2001; 9: 264–267.
  • Cerş-Björk C, Andersson I, Rössner S. Night eating and nocturnal eating—two different or similar syndromes among obese patients? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 365–372.
  • Adami GE, Meneghelli A, Scopinaro N. Night eating and binge eating disorder in obese patients. Int J Eat Disord 1999; 25: 335−338.
  • Allison KC, Wadden TA, Sarwer DB, Fabricatore AN, Crerand C, Gibbons L, et al. Night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder among persons seeking bariatric surgery: prevalence and related features. Obesity 2006; 14: 77S−82S.
  • Hsu LKG, Betancourt S, Sullivan SP. Eating disturbances before and after vertical banded gastroplasty: a pilot study. Int J Eat Disord 1996; 19: 23– 34.
  • Andersen GS, Stunkard AJ, Sorensen TI, Petersen L, Heitmann BL. Night eating and weight change in middle-aged men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28:1338–1343.
  • Lamerz A, Kuepper-Nybelen J, Bruning N, Wehle C, Trost-Brinkhues G, Brenner H, et al. Prevalence of obesity, binge eating, and night eating in a cross- sectional field survey of 6-year-old children and their parents in a German ur- ban population. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005; 46:385–393.
  • Lundgren JD, Allison KC, Crow S, O'Reardon JP, Berg KC, Galbraith J, et al. Prevalence of the night eating syndrome in a psychiatric population. Am Journal Psychiatry 2006; 163:156−158.
  • Allison KC, Crow SJ, Reeves RR, West DS, Foreyt JP, DiLillo VG, et al. The prevalence of binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity 2007; 15:1285−1291.
  • Rand CSW, Kuldau JM. Eating patterns in normal weight individuals: bulimia, restrained eating, and the night eating syndrome. Int J Eat Disord 1986; 5:75- 84.
  • Greeno CG, Wing RR, Marcus MD. Nocturnal eating in binge eating disorder matched–weight controls. Int J Eat Disord 1995; 18:343-349.
  • Aronoff NJ, Geliebter A, Zammit G. Gender and body mass index as related to the night-eating syndrome in obese outpatients. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101: 102-104.
  • Striegel-Moore RH, Franko DL, Thompson D, Affenito S, Kraemer H. Night eating: Prevalence and demographic correlates. Obesity 2006; 14:139−147.
  • Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: Association with obesity, binge eating and psychological distress. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1722–1730.
  • Rein AK, Mühlhans B, de Zwaan M. Nocturnal eating in obese patients prior to bariatric surgery. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2007; 57:442–447.
  • Striegel-Moore RH, Thompson D, Franko DL, Barton BA, Affenito S, Schreiber GB, et al. Definitions of night eating in adolescent girls. Obes Res 2004;12:1311–1321.
  • Rasmussen F, Tholin F, Tynelius PO. Importance of genes and environmental factors for symptoms of night eating among 5209 pairs of twins from Sweden. Int J Obes 2007; T4:PO.21.
  • Marshall HM, Allison KC, O'Reardon JP, Birketvedt G, Stunkard AJ. Night eating syndrome among nonobese persons. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 35:217-222.
  • Napolitano MA, Head S, Babyak MA, Blumenthal JA. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: psychological and behavioral characteristics. Int J Eat Disord 2001; 30:193-203. eating syndrome in adults. Sleep 1994;17:339-344.
  • Kant AK, Schatzkin A, Ballard-Barbash R. Evening eating and subsequent long- term weight change in a national cohort. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21:407-412.
  • Allison KC, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Stunkard AJ. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: a comparative study of disordered eating. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 73:1107-1115.
  • Geliebter A. New developments in binge eating disorder and the night eating syndrome. Appetite 2002; 38:1-3.
  • Birketvedt GS, Sundsfjord J, Florholmen JR. Hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in the night eating syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282:366–369.
  • Qin L, Li J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xu J, Kaneko T. The effects of nocturnal life on endocrine circadian patterns in healthy adults. Life Sci 2003; 73:2467–2475.
  • Birketvedt G, Sundsfjord J, Florholmen JR. Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis in the night eating syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282: E366 – E369.
  • Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Lin HM, Prolo P, Mastorakos G, Vela-Bueno A, et al. Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis: clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 3787 – 3794.
  • Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: Overview of physical and behavioral homeostatsis. JAMA 1992; 267:1244 – 1252.
  • Goel N, Stunkard A, Rogers N, Van Dongen H, Allison KC, O’Reardon J, et al. Circadian rhythm profiles in women with night eating syndrome. J Biol Rhythms 2009; 24:85-94.
  • Manni R, Ratti MT, Tartara A. Nocturnal eating: prevalence and features in 120 insomniac referrals. Sleep 1997; 20:734-738.
  • Allison KC, Engel SG, Crosby RD, de Zwaan M, O’Reardon JP, Wonderlich SA, et al. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for night eating syndrome using item response theory analysis. Eat Behav 2008; 9:398-407.
  • Vander Wal JS, Waller SM, Klurfeld DM, McBurney MI, Dhurandhar NV. Night eating syndrome: evaluation of two screening instruments. Eat Behav 2005; 6:63-73.
  • Trojian TH, Jow V. Night eating syndrome presenting as anorexia in an athlete: case report and review. Curr Sports Med Rep 2009; 8:182-185.
  • Allison KC, Lundgren JD, O’Reardon JP, Martino NS. The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ): psychometric properties of a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome. Eat Behav 2008; 9:62-72.
  • Allison KC, Lundgren JD, O'Reardon JP, Geliebter A, Gluck ME, Vinai P, et al. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Night Eating Syndrome. Int J Eat Disord 2009;17.
  • Napolitano MA, Head S, Babyak MA, Blumenthal JA. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: psychological and behavioral characteristics. Int J Eat Disord 2001; 30:193-203.
  • Stunkard AJ, Allison KC. Two forms of disordered in obesity: binge eating and night eating. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:1-12. eating syndrome in adults. Sleep 1994; 17: 339 – 344.
  • Lundgren JD, Newberg AB, Allison KC, Wintering NA, Ploessl K, Stunkard AJ. 123I-ADAM SPECT imaging of serotonin transporter binding in patients with night eating syndrome: a preliminary report. Psychiatry Res 2008; 162:214- 220.
  • Miyaoka T, Yasukawa R, Tsubouchi K, Miura S, Shimizu Y, Sukegawa T, et al. Successful treatment of nocturnal eating/drinking syndrome with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003; 18:175-177.
  • O’Reardon JP, Allison KC, Martino NS, Lundgren JD, Heo M, Stunkard AJ. A randomized, placebocontrolled trial of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163:893-898.
  • Winkelman JW. Treatment of nocturnal eating syndrome and sleep-related eating disorder with topiramate. Sleep Med 2003;4:243-246.
  • Schenck CH, Connoy DA, Castellanos M, Johnson B, Werner R, Willis. Zolpidem-induced amnestic sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) in 19 partients. Sleep 2005; 28:A259.
  • Pawlow LA, O’Neil PM, Malcolm RJ. Night eating syndrome: effects of brief relaxation training on stress, mood, hunger, and eating patterns. Int J Obesity 2003; 27:970-978.
  • Bylesjo EI, Boman K, Wetterberg L. Obesity treated with photo-therapy: four case studies. Int J Eat Disord 1996; 20:443-446.
  • Friedman S, Even C, Thuile J, Rouillon F, Guelfi JD. Night eating syndrome and winter seasonal affective disorder. Appetite 2006; 47:119-122.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Fatma Özlem Orhan This is me

Deniz Tuncel This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Orhan FÖ, Tuncel D. Gece Yeme Bozuklukları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. June 2009;1(2):132-154.

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