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Psikolojik İlk Yardım: Amaçları, Uygulanışı, Hassas Gruplar ve Uyulması Gereken Etik Kurallar

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 351 - 362, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.456301

Abstract

Psikolojik ilk yardım, afet, kaza, terör saldırısı veya bireysel/toplumsal düzeyde olumsuz etkilere neden olan herhangi bir olay sırasında ya da sonrasında gerçekleştirilen bir çeşit erken dönem psikososyal müdahale yaklaşımıdır. Özellikle çok sayıda kişinin etkilendiği olaylarda, bireylerin temel fiziksel ya da psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının tespit edilmesini ve karşılanmasını odağa alır. Psikolojik ilk yardım çalışmalarındaki ana amaçlar, bireylere olay sonrası akut travmatik stres tepkileri konusunda rehberlik etmek, olağanlaştırma ve stabilizasyona destek olmak, bireysel ve toplumsal düzlemde olağan yaşam akışına dönmeyi kolaylaştırmak ve bireyleri travmatik olayın uzun dönemli olası etkilerinden korumaktır. Yapılan bu derleme çalışmasında, psikolojik ilk yardımın amaçları, uygulanışı ve farklı kültürlerde yapılan uygulamalardaki araştırma sonuçlarından örnekler derlenerek sunulmuştur. 

References

  • Aker T (2012) Temel Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Ruhsal Travmaya Yaklaşım. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
  • Allen B, Brymer MJ, Steinberg AM, Vernberg EM, Jacobs A, Speier AH et al (2010) Perceptions of psychological first aid among providers responding to hurricanes Gustav and Ike. J Trauma Stress, 23: 509-513.
  • Arslan Tomas S, Şavur E (2018) Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Psikososyal Destek Hizmetleri Saha Çalışanları için El Kitabı. Ankara, UNICEF Türkiye Temsilciliği.
  • Australian Psychological Association (2013) Psychological First Aid An Australian Guide to Supporting People Affected by Disaster. Melbourne, Australian Psychological Society.
  • Brymer M, Layne C, Jacobs A, Pynoos R, Ruzek J, Steinberg A et al (2006) Psychological First Aid Field Operations Guide, 2nd Edition. Los Angeles, National Child Traumatic Stress Network and National Center for PTSD.
  • Civaner M, Vatansever K, Balcıoğlu H, Yavuz C I, Sarıkaya Ö (2011) Olağandışı durumlarda sağlık hizmetleri eğitimi: mezuniyet öncesi tıp eğitimi için önemli bir gereklilik. Balkan Med J, 28:344-350.
  • De Jong K (2011) Psychosocial and Mental Health Interventions in Areas of Mass Violence A Community-Based Approach. Second Edition. Amsterdam, Médecins Sans Frontières.
  • Demircioğlu M (2017) Olağandışı koşullarda psikolojik ilk yardım. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği 21. Yıllık Toplantısı ve Klinik Eğitim Sempozyumu. Antalya. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği: 66.
  • Drayer CS, Cameron DC, Woodward WD, Glass AJ (1954) Psychological first aid in community disaster. JAMA, 156:36-41.
  • Everly Jr GS, Lasting JM (2017) The Johns Hopkins Guide to Psychological First Aid. Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press.
  • Fisher J (1999) The work of stabilization in trauma treatment. The Trauma Center Lecture Series 1999.
  • Fox J H, Burkle FM Jr, Bass J, Pia FA, Epstein JL, Markenson D (2012) The effectiveness of psychological first aid as a disaster ıntervention tool: research analysis of peer-reviewed literature from 1990-2010. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 6:247-252.
  • Gispen F, Wu AW (2018) Psychological first aid: CPR for mental health crises in healthcare. J Patient Saf Risk Manag, 23(2):51-53.
  • Guay S, Billette V, Marchand A (2006) Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: processes and potential research avenues. J Trauma Stress, 19:327-338.
  • Hart LM, Cox GR, Lees L (2018) Teaching mental health first aid in the school setting: a novel approach to ımproving outcomes for common adolescent mental disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr, 30:478-482.
  • Housley J, Beutler L E (2007) Treating Victims of Mass Disaster and Terrorism. Ashland, OH, Hogrefe & Huber.
  • İstanbul İl Afet ve Acil Durum Müdürlüğü (AFAD) (2009) Afetlerde Psikolojik İlk Yardım. İstanbul, İstanbul İl Afet ve Acil Durum Müdürlüğü.
  • Kılıç N, Şimşek N (2018) Psychological first aid and nursing. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 9:212-218.
  • Kuruluşlar Arası Daimi Komite (IASC) (2007) IASC Acil Durumlarda Ruh Sağlığı ve Psikolojik Destek Kılavuzu. Cenevre, IASC.
  • McCabe OL, Everly Jr GS, Brown LM, Wendelboe AM, Abd-Hamid NH, Tallchief VL et al. (2014) Psychological first aid: a consensus-derived, empirically supported, competency-based training model. Am J Public Health, 104:621-628.
  • Stroud ML (2012) Psychological triage in general practice. Aust Fam Physician, 41:508-512.
  • Wong DFK, Lau Y, Kwok S, Wong P, Tori C (2015) Evaluating the effectiveness of mental health first aid program for Chinese people in Hong Kong. Res Soc Work Pract, 27:59-67.
  • World Health Organization (2011) Psychological First Aid: Guide for Field Workers. Geneva, World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization (2013) Psychological First Aid: Facilitator’s Manual for Orienting Field Workers. Geneva, World Health Organization.

Psychological First Aid: Objectives, Practicing, Vulnerable Groups and Ethical Rules to Follow

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 351 - 362, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.456301

Abstract

Psychological first aid is an early psychosocial intervention approach which is applied during or after traumatic life events as disasters, accidents, terrorist attacks causing negative effects on individual and/or society. It focuses on determining basic physical and mental needs of individuals in major events. The main objectives of psychological first aid are giving psychoeducation about acute stress symptoms, supporting normalization of the process and stabilization, easing going back to normal life before the event, and protecting individuals from long term consequences of the traumatic event. In this review, the main objectives of psychological first aid, application process and research outcomes in different cultures are presented. 

References

  • Aker T (2012) Temel Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Ruhsal Travmaya Yaklaşım. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
  • Allen B, Brymer MJ, Steinberg AM, Vernberg EM, Jacobs A, Speier AH et al (2010) Perceptions of psychological first aid among providers responding to hurricanes Gustav and Ike. J Trauma Stress, 23: 509-513.
  • Arslan Tomas S, Şavur E (2018) Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Psikososyal Destek Hizmetleri Saha Çalışanları için El Kitabı. Ankara, UNICEF Türkiye Temsilciliği.
  • Australian Psychological Association (2013) Psychological First Aid An Australian Guide to Supporting People Affected by Disaster. Melbourne, Australian Psychological Society.
  • Brymer M, Layne C, Jacobs A, Pynoos R, Ruzek J, Steinberg A et al (2006) Psychological First Aid Field Operations Guide, 2nd Edition. Los Angeles, National Child Traumatic Stress Network and National Center for PTSD.
  • Civaner M, Vatansever K, Balcıoğlu H, Yavuz C I, Sarıkaya Ö (2011) Olağandışı durumlarda sağlık hizmetleri eğitimi: mezuniyet öncesi tıp eğitimi için önemli bir gereklilik. Balkan Med J, 28:344-350.
  • De Jong K (2011) Psychosocial and Mental Health Interventions in Areas of Mass Violence A Community-Based Approach. Second Edition. Amsterdam, Médecins Sans Frontières.
  • Demircioğlu M (2017) Olağandışı koşullarda psikolojik ilk yardım. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği 21. Yıllık Toplantısı ve Klinik Eğitim Sempozyumu. Antalya. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği: 66.
  • Drayer CS, Cameron DC, Woodward WD, Glass AJ (1954) Psychological first aid in community disaster. JAMA, 156:36-41.
  • Everly Jr GS, Lasting JM (2017) The Johns Hopkins Guide to Psychological First Aid. Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press.
  • Fisher J (1999) The work of stabilization in trauma treatment. The Trauma Center Lecture Series 1999.
  • Fox J H, Burkle FM Jr, Bass J, Pia FA, Epstein JL, Markenson D (2012) The effectiveness of psychological first aid as a disaster ıntervention tool: research analysis of peer-reviewed literature from 1990-2010. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 6:247-252.
  • Gispen F, Wu AW (2018) Psychological first aid: CPR for mental health crises in healthcare. J Patient Saf Risk Manag, 23(2):51-53.
  • Guay S, Billette V, Marchand A (2006) Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: processes and potential research avenues. J Trauma Stress, 19:327-338.
  • Hart LM, Cox GR, Lees L (2018) Teaching mental health first aid in the school setting: a novel approach to ımproving outcomes for common adolescent mental disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr, 30:478-482.
  • Housley J, Beutler L E (2007) Treating Victims of Mass Disaster and Terrorism. Ashland, OH, Hogrefe & Huber.
  • İstanbul İl Afet ve Acil Durum Müdürlüğü (AFAD) (2009) Afetlerde Psikolojik İlk Yardım. İstanbul, İstanbul İl Afet ve Acil Durum Müdürlüğü.
  • Kılıç N, Şimşek N (2018) Psychological first aid and nursing. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 9:212-218.
  • Kuruluşlar Arası Daimi Komite (IASC) (2007) IASC Acil Durumlarda Ruh Sağlığı ve Psikolojik Destek Kılavuzu. Cenevre, IASC.
  • McCabe OL, Everly Jr GS, Brown LM, Wendelboe AM, Abd-Hamid NH, Tallchief VL et al. (2014) Psychological first aid: a consensus-derived, empirically supported, competency-based training model. Am J Public Health, 104:621-628.
  • Stroud ML (2012) Psychological triage in general practice. Aust Fam Physician, 41:508-512.
  • Wong DFK, Lau Y, Kwok S, Wong P, Tori C (2015) Evaluating the effectiveness of mental health first aid program for Chinese people in Hong Kong. Res Soc Work Pract, 27:59-67.
  • World Health Organization (2011) Psychological First Aid: Guide for Field Workers. Geneva, World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization (2013) Psychological First Aid: Facilitator’s Manual for Orienting Field Workers. Geneva, World Health Organization.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Neurosciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Melis Demircioğlu 0000-0002-0069-4378

Zeynep Şeker This is me 0000-0001-5624-1610

Ahmet Tamer Aker 0000-0002-7969-5911

Publication Date September 30, 2019
Acceptance Date December 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Demircioğlu M, Şeker Z, Aker AT. Psikolojik İlk Yardım: Amaçları, Uygulanışı, Hassas Gruplar ve Uyulması Gereken Etik Kurallar. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. September 2019;11(3):351-362. doi:10.18863/pgy.456301

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