Research Article
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An Investigation of Developmental Goals and Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 118 - 135, 29.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.570098

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to investigate emerging adulthood from a goal-setting perspective in the frame of a developmental regulation model. The sample consisted of 396 participants aged between 18 and 30 years. The participants were administered a battery that consisted of Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Loneliness Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and questions to determine their life goals and appraisals of these goals. Both future and pasts goals were assessed. Qualitative data analysis indicated that emerging adults’ future goals were mostly related to occupation, education and family and their previous goals were frequently related to education and occupation. Furthermore, older or engaged/married participants stated goals related to family, while single participants most frequently stated goals related with occupation. The study revealed that life satisfaction of the goal engagement participants was significantly higher than those of the goal striving participants. The results showed that young adults set goals appropriate to properties of their developmental period. Furthermore, the results were emphasized the importance of goal appraisals and goal engagement for emerging adults’ well-being. 

References

  • Arnett JJ (1997) Young people's conceptions of the transition to adulthood. Youth Soc, 29:3-23.
  • Arnett JJ (2000) Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol, 55:469-480.
  • Arnett JJ (2001) Conceptions of the transition to adulthood from adolescence through midlife. J Adult Dev, 8:133-143.
  • Arnett JJ (2004) Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road From The Late Teens Through The Twenties. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Arnett JJ, Eisenberg N (2007) Introduction to the special section: Emerging adulthood around the world. Child Dev Perspect, 1:66-67.
  • Atak H (2005) Beliren yetişkinlik: Yeni bir yaşam döneminin Türkiye’de incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Austin JT, Vancouver JB (1996) Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychol Bull, 120:338-375.
  • Baltes PB, Baltes MM (1990) Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences, (Eds PB Baltes, MM Baltes):1-34. New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Box GEP, Cox DR (1964) An analysis of transformations. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol, 26:211-252.
  • Brandtstadter J (1989) Personal self-regulation of development: Cross-sequential analyses of development-related control beliefs and emotions. Dev Psychol, 25:96-108.
  • Brunstein JC (1993) Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study. J Pers Soc Psychol, 65:1061-1070.
  • Çok F, Atak H (2015) Emerging adulthood in Turkey: Does it (yet) exist? The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 4:46-75.
  • Çuhadaroğlu F (1986) Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Dag O, Asar O, Ilk O (2014) A methodology to implement Box-Cox transformation when no covariate is available. Commun Stat Simul Comput, 43:1740-1759.
  • Demir A (1989) UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 7:14-18.
  • Derogatis LR (1992) The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual = II. Clinical Psychometric Research Inc.
  • Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S (1985) The Satisfaction with Life Scale. J Pers Assess, 49:71-75.
  • Dietrich J, Jokisaari M, Nurmi JE (2012) Work-related goal appraisals and stress during the transition from education to work. J Vocat Behav, 80:82-92.
  • Dietrich J, Salmela-Aro K (2013) Parental involvement and adolescents’ career goal pursuit during the post-school transition. J Adolesc, 36:121-128.
  • Doğan A, Cebioğlu S (2011) Beliren yetişkinlik: Ergenlikten yetişkinliğe uzanan bir dönem. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14:11-21.
  • Durak M, Senol-Durak E, Gencoz T (2010) Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Soc Indic Res, 99:413-429.
  • Emmons RA (1986) Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 51:1058-1068.
  • Emmons RA (1996) Striving and feeling: Personal goals and subjective well-being. In The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior (Eds PM Gollwitzer, JA Bargh):313-337. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Emmons RA, King LA (1988) Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 54:1040-1048.
  • Eryılmaz A (2012a) Amaçlar: Ruh ve beden sağlığını korumanın önemli bir aracı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4:428-448.
  • Eryılmaz A (2012b) Pozitif psikoterapi bağlamında Yaşam Amaçları Belirleme Ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15:166-174.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39:175-191.
  • Field A (2013) Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th ed. London, Sage.
  • Ghassemi M, Bernecker K, Herrmann M, Brandstätter V (2017) The process of disengagement from personal goals: Reciprocal influences between the experience of action crisis and appraisals of goal desirability and attainability. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 43:524-537.
  • Haase CM, Heckhausen J, Wrosch C (2013) Developmental regulation across the life span: Toward a new synthesis. Dev Psychol. 49:964-972.
  • Heckhausen J (1999) Developmental regulation in adulthood: Age-normative and sociostructural constraints as adaptive challenges. New York, NJ: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heckhausen J, Wrosch C, Fleeson W (2001) Developmental regulation before and after a developmental deadline: The sample case of “biological clock” for child-bearing. Psychol Aging, 16:400-413.
  • Heckhausen J, Wrosch C, Schulz R (2010) A motivational theory of life-span development. Psychol Rev, 117:32-60.
  • İlhan T, Özbay Y (2010) Yaşam amaçlarının ve psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumunun öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki yordayıcı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4:109-118.
  • Kagitcibasi C, Ataca B (2005) Value of children and family change: A three-decade portrait from Turkey. Appl Psychol, 54:317-337.
  • Kiuru N, Nurmi JE, Aunola K, Salmela-Aro K (2009) The role of peer groups in adolescents' educational trajectories. Eur J Dev Psychol, 6:521-547.
  • Lerner RM, Busch-Rossnagel N (1981) Individuals as Producers of Their Development: A Life-Span Perspective. New York, NY, Academic Press.
  • Little BR (1983) Personal projects a rationale and method for investigation. Environ Behav, 15:273-309.
  • Little BR, Salmela-Aro KE, Phillips SD (2007) Personal Project Pursuit: Goals, Action, and Human Flourishing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Marttinen E, Salmela-Aro K (2012) Personal goal orientations and subjective well-being of adolescents. Jpn Psychol Res, 54:263-273.
  • Messersmith EE, Schulenberg JE (2010) Goal attainment, goal striving, and well-being during the transition to adulthood: A ten-year U.S. national longitudinal study. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev, 130:27-40.
  • Morsünbül Ü (2013) Are they emerging adults or emerging adults who are university students? An investigation through risk taking and identity development. Elementary Education Online, 12:873-885.
  • Nelson LJ, Badger S, Wu B (2004) The influence of culture in emerging adulthood: Perspectives of Chinese college students. Int J Behav Dev, 28:26-36.
  • Nelson LJ, Chen X (2007) Emerging adulthood in China: The role of social and cultural factors. Child Dev Perspect, 1:86-91.
  • Nurmi JE (1992) Age differences in adult life goals, concerns, and their temporal extension: A life course approach to future-oriented motivation. Int J Behav Dev, 15:487-508.
  • Nurmi JE (2004) Socialization and self-development: Channeling, selection, adjustment, and reflection. In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (Eds RM Lerner, L Steinberg):85-124. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley.
  • Nurmi JE, Pulliainen H, Salmela-Aro K (1992) Age differences in adults' control beliefs related to life goals and concerns. Psychol Aging, 7:194-196.
  • Nurmi JE, Salmela‐Aro K (2002) Goal construction, reconstruction and depressive symptoms in a life‐span context: The transition from school to work. J Pers, 70:385-420.
  • Nurmi JE, Salmela-Aro K (2006) What works makes you happy. In A Life Worth Living: Contributions To Positive Psychology (Eds M Csikszentmihalyi, IS Csikszentmihalyi):182-199. New York, NY, Oxford University Press.
  • Ranta M, Dietrich J, Salmela-Aro K (2014) Career and romantic relationship goals and concerns during emerging adulthood. Emerg Adulthood, 2:17-26.
  • Reynolds JR, Baird CL (2010) Is there a downside to shooting for the stars? Unrealized educational expectations and symptoms of depression. Am Sociol Rev, 75:151-172.
  • Rosenberg M (1965) Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
  • Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE (1980) The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminate validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol, 39:472-480.
  • Şahin İ, Zoraloğlu YR, Şahin-Fırat N (2011) Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam amaçları, eğitsel hedefleri, üniversite öğreniminden beklentileri ve memnuniyet durumları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17:429-452.
  • Salmela-Aro K (1992) Struggling with self: The personal projects of students seeking psychological counseling. Scand J Psychol, 33:330-338.
  • Salmela-Aro K (2009) Personal goals and well-being during critical life transitions: The four C’s-Channeling, choice, co-agency and compensation. Adv Life Course Res, 14:63-73.
  • Salmela-Aro K (2010) Personal goals and well-being: How do young people navigate their lives? New Dir Child Adolesc Dev, 130:13-26.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Aunola K, Nurmi JE (2007) Personal goals during emerging adulthood: A 10-year follow-up. J Adolesc Res, 22:690-715.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Mutanen P, Koivisto P, Vuori J (2010) Adolescents' future education-related personal goals, concerns, and internal motivation during the “Towards Working Life” group intervention. Eur J Dev Psychol, 7:445-462.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE (1996) Depressive symptoms and personal project appraisals: A cross-lagged longitudinal study. Pers Individ Dif, 21:373-381.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE (1997a) Goal contents, well-being, and life context during transition to university: A longitudinal study. Int J Behav Dev, 20:471-491.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE (1997b) Personal project appraisals, academic achievement and related satisfaction: A prospective study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 12:77-88.
  • Salmela‐Aro K, Read S, Korhonen T, Vuoksimaa E, Rose RJ, Kaprio J (2012) Young adults' developmental task‐related goals modify the association between self‐focused goals and depressive symptoms. Appl Psychol Health Well Being, 4:106-125.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Read S, Vuoksimaa E, Korhonen T, Dick DM, Kaprio J et al. (2014). Depressive symptoms and career-related goal appraisals: Genetic and environmental correlations and interactions. Twin Res Hum Genet, 17:236-243.
  • Sheldon KM (2008) Assessing the sustainability of goal-based changes in adjustment over a four-year period. J Res Pers, 42:223-229.
  • Shulman S, Nurmi JE (2010) Understanding emerging adulthood from a goal setting perspective. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev, 130:1-11.
  • Sirsch U, Dreher E, Mayr E, Willinger U (2009) What does it take to be an adult in Austria? Views of adulthood in Australian adolescents, emerging adults and adults. J Adolesc Res, 24:275-292.
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Gelişimsel Hedefler ve İyilik Halinin Beliren Yetişkinlerde İncelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 118 - 135, 29.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.570098

Abstract

Araştırmanın temel amacı gelişimsel düzenleme modeli çerçevesinde beliren yetişkinlik dönemini hedef belirleme perspektifinden incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemi, yaşları 18 ile 30 arasında değişen 396 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara Benlik Saygısı, Yaşam Doyumu, Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri ile yaşam hedefleri ve bu hedeflere ilişkin değerlendirmelerini içeren bir form uygulanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında bireylerin hem gelecekteki hem de geçmişteki hedefleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yürütülen niteliksel veri analizi sonucunda, beliren yetişkinlerin geleceğe yönelik en çok meslek, eğitim ve aileyle; geçmişte ise en çok eğitim ve meslek yaşamlarıyla ilgili hedeflere sahip oldukları ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında geçmişte belirlediği hedefe ulaşan grubun yaşam doyumunun hedefi elde etmek için çaba harcamaya devam eden grubunkinden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Gelişimsel hedefler açısından elde edilen sonuçlar, genç bireylerin içinde bulundukları gelişimsel dönemin özelliklerine uygun hedefler belirlediklerine işaret etmektedir. Sonuçlar ayrıca, hedefe ilişkin değerlendirmeler ve hedefe ulaşmanın beliren yetişkinlerin iyilik hali açısından önemine işaret etmektedir.

References

  • Arnett JJ (1997) Young people's conceptions of the transition to adulthood. Youth Soc, 29:3-23.
  • Arnett JJ (2000) Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol, 55:469-480.
  • Arnett JJ (2001) Conceptions of the transition to adulthood from adolescence through midlife. J Adult Dev, 8:133-143.
  • Arnett JJ (2004) Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road From The Late Teens Through The Twenties. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Arnett JJ, Eisenberg N (2007) Introduction to the special section: Emerging adulthood around the world. Child Dev Perspect, 1:66-67.
  • Atak H (2005) Beliren yetişkinlik: Yeni bir yaşam döneminin Türkiye’de incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Austin JT, Vancouver JB (1996) Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychol Bull, 120:338-375.
  • Baltes PB, Baltes MM (1990) Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences, (Eds PB Baltes, MM Baltes):1-34. New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Box GEP, Cox DR (1964) An analysis of transformations. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol, 26:211-252.
  • Brandtstadter J (1989) Personal self-regulation of development: Cross-sequential analyses of development-related control beliefs and emotions. Dev Psychol, 25:96-108.
  • Brunstein JC (1993) Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study. J Pers Soc Psychol, 65:1061-1070.
  • Çok F, Atak H (2015) Emerging adulthood in Turkey: Does it (yet) exist? The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 4:46-75.
  • Çuhadaroğlu F (1986) Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Dag O, Asar O, Ilk O (2014) A methodology to implement Box-Cox transformation when no covariate is available. Commun Stat Simul Comput, 43:1740-1759.
  • Demir A (1989) UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 7:14-18.
  • Derogatis LR (1992) The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual = II. Clinical Psychometric Research Inc.
  • Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S (1985) The Satisfaction with Life Scale. J Pers Assess, 49:71-75.
  • Dietrich J, Jokisaari M, Nurmi JE (2012) Work-related goal appraisals and stress during the transition from education to work. J Vocat Behav, 80:82-92.
  • Dietrich J, Salmela-Aro K (2013) Parental involvement and adolescents’ career goal pursuit during the post-school transition. J Adolesc, 36:121-128.
  • Doğan A, Cebioğlu S (2011) Beliren yetişkinlik: Ergenlikten yetişkinliğe uzanan bir dönem. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14:11-21.
  • Durak M, Senol-Durak E, Gencoz T (2010) Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Soc Indic Res, 99:413-429.
  • Emmons RA (1986) Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 51:1058-1068.
  • Emmons RA (1996) Striving and feeling: Personal goals and subjective well-being. In The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior (Eds PM Gollwitzer, JA Bargh):313-337. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Emmons RA, King LA (1988) Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 54:1040-1048.
  • Eryılmaz A (2012a) Amaçlar: Ruh ve beden sağlığını korumanın önemli bir aracı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4:428-448.
  • Eryılmaz A (2012b) Pozitif psikoterapi bağlamında Yaşam Amaçları Belirleme Ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15:166-174.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39:175-191.
  • Field A (2013) Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th ed. London, Sage.
  • Ghassemi M, Bernecker K, Herrmann M, Brandstätter V (2017) The process of disengagement from personal goals: Reciprocal influences between the experience of action crisis and appraisals of goal desirability and attainability. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 43:524-537.
  • Haase CM, Heckhausen J, Wrosch C (2013) Developmental regulation across the life span: Toward a new synthesis. Dev Psychol. 49:964-972.
  • Heckhausen J (1999) Developmental regulation in adulthood: Age-normative and sociostructural constraints as adaptive challenges. New York, NJ: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heckhausen J, Wrosch C, Fleeson W (2001) Developmental regulation before and after a developmental deadline: The sample case of “biological clock” for child-bearing. Psychol Aging, 16:400-413.
  • Heckhausen J, Wrosch C, Schulz R (2010) A motivational theory of life-span development. Psychol Rev, 117:32-60.
  • İlhan T, Özbay Y (2010) Yaşam amaçlarının ve psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumunun öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki yordayıcı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4:109-118.
  • Kagitcibasi C, Ataca B (2005) Value of children and family change: A three-decade portrait from Turkey. Appl Psychol, 54:317-337.
  • Kiuru N, Nurmi JE, Aunola K, Salmela-Aro K (2009) The role of peer groups in adolescents' educational trajectories. Eur J Dev Psychol, 6:521-547.
  • Lerner RM, Busch-Rossnagel N (1981) Individuals as Producers of Their Development: A Life-Span Perspective. New York, NY, Academic Press.
  • Little BR (1983) Personal projects a rationale and method for investigation. Environ Behav, 15:273-309.
  • Little BR, Salmela-Aro KE, Phillips SD (2007) Personal Project Pursuit: Goals, Action, and Human Flourishing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Marttinen E, Salmela-Aro K (2012) Personal goal orientations and subjective well-being of adolescents. Jpn Psychol Res, 54:263-273.
  • Messersmith EE, Schulenberg JE (2010) Goal attainment, goal striving, and well-being during the transition to adulthood: A ten-year U.S. national longitudinal study. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev, 130:27-40.
  • Morsünbül Ü (2013) Are they emerging adults or emerging adults who are university students? An investigation through risk taking and identity development. Elementary Education Online, 12:873-885.
  • Nelson LJ, Badger S, Wu B (2004) The influence of culture in emerging adulthood: Perspectives of Chinese college students. Int J Behav Dev, 28:26-36.
  • Nelson LJ, Chen X (2007) Emerging adulthood in China: The role of social and cultural factors. Child Dev Perspect, 1:86-91.
  • Nurmi JE (1992) Age differences in adult life goals, concerns, and their temporal extension: A life course approach to future-oriented motivation. Int J Behav Dev, 15:487-508.
  • Nurmi JE (2004) Socialization and self-development: Channeling, selection, adjustment, and reflection. In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (Eds RM Lerner, L Steinberg):85-124. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley.
  • Nurmi JE, Pulliainen H, Salmela-Aro K (1992) Age differences in adults' control beliefs related to life goals and concerns. Psychol Aging, 7:194-196.
  • Nurmi JE, Salmela‐Aro K (2002) Goal construction, reconstruction and depressive symptoms in a life‐span context: The transition from school to work. J Pers, 70:385-420.
  • Nurmi JE, Salmela-Aro K (2006) What works makes you happy. In A Life Worth Living: Contributions To Positive Psychology (Eds M Csikszentmihalyi, IS Csikszentmihalyi):182-199. New York, NY, Oxford University Press.
  • Ranta M, Dietrich J, Salmela-Aro K (2014) Career and romantic relationship goals and concerns during emerging adulthood. Emerg Adulthood, 2:17-26.
  • Reynolds JR, Baird CL (2010) Is there a downside to shooting for the stars? Unrealized educational expectations and symptoms of depression. Am Sociol Rev, 75:151-172.
  • Rosenberg M (1965) Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
  • Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE (1980) The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminate validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol, 39:472-480.
  • Şahin İ, Zoraloğlu YR, Şahin-Fırat N (2011) Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam amaçları, eğitsel hedefleri, üniversite öğreniminden beklentileri ve memnuniyet durumları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17:429-452.
  • Salmela-Aro K (1992) Struggling with self: The personal projects of students seeking psychological counseling. Scand J Psychol, 33:330-338.
  • Salmela-Aro K (2009) Personal goals and well-being during critical life transitions: The four C’s-Channeling, choice, co-agency and compensation. Adv Life Course Res, 14:63-73.
  • Salmela-Aro K (2010) Personal goals and well-being: How do young people navigate their lives? New Dir Child Adolesc Dev, 130:13-26.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Aunola K, Nurmi JE (2007) Personal goals during emerging adulthood: A 10-year follow-up. J Adolesc Res, 22:690-715.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Mutanen P, Koivisto P, Vuori J (2010) Adolescents' future education-related personal goals, concerns, and internal motivation during the “Towards Working Life” group intervention. Eur J Dev Psychol, 7:445-462.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE (1996) Depressive symptoms and personal project appraisals: A cross-lagged longitudinal study. Pers Individ Dif, 21:373-381.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE (1997a) Goal contents, well-being, and life context during transition to university: A longitudinal study. Int J Behav Dev, 20:471-491.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE (1997b) Personal project appraisals, academic achievement and related satisfaction: A prospective study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 12:77-88.
  • Salmela‐Aro K, Read S, Korhonen T, Vuoksimaa E, Rose RJ, Kaprio J (2012) Young adults' developmental task‐related goals modify the association between self‐focused goals and depressive symptoms. Appl Psychol Health Well Being, 4:106-125.
  • Salmela-Aro K, Read S, Vuoksimaa E, Korhonen T, Dick DM, Kaprio J et al. (2014). Depressive symptoms and career-related goal appraisals: Genetic and environmental correlations and interactions. Twin Res Hum Genet, 17:236-243.
  • Sheldon KM (2008) Assessing the sustainability of goal-based changes in adjustment over a four-year period. J Res Pers, 42:223-229.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Deniz Kurt 0000-0002-0904-2886

Zehra Uçanok This is me 0000-0003-3953-300X

Publication Date December 29, 2019
Acceptance Date August 6, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue)

Cite

AMA Kurt D, Uçanok Z. Gelişimsel Hedefler ve İyilik Halinin Beliren Yetişkinlerde İncelenmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2019;11:118-135. doi:10.18863/pgy.570098

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