The Relationship Between Coping Styles and Avoidance on Posttraumatic Growth in Type II Diabetes Patients

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 165 - 175, 29.12.2019

Mithat Durak , Emre Şenol Durak

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.581335

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Although there is a great deal of literature dedicated to the adverse effects of diabetes-related stress in these patients, the concept of posttraumatic growth has been studied in a few studies. The present study aims to examine the possible associations of the stressfulness of event, coping strategies, number of hospitalizations, number of children, and income on the posttraumatic growth in patients with diabetes. For this purpose, patients with Type-II diabetes (n=218) were recruited from various hospitals in Turkey. The model which is based on the “Life Crises and Personal Growth Model” of Schaefer and Moos was tested. Results revealed that when the effect of the number of hospitalizations, number of children, and income were controlled, higher problem-focused coping, seeking social support, avoidance coping styles, and cognitive avoidance were associated with higher posttraumatic growth. Considering the interventions to patients with diabetes in clinical settings, professionals specifically focus on problem-focused coping, seeking social support and avoidance. 

Keywords

Travma sonrası gelişim, diabetes mellitus, stresli olay

Project Number

109K528 nolu SOBAG projesi

Tip-II Diyabetli Hastalarda Travma Sonrası Büyüme Üzerinde Baş Etme Stilleri ve Kaçınma Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Diyabetli hastalarda diyabet kaynaklı stresin olumsuz etkilerini araştıran çok sayıda çalışma bulunmasına rağmen bu hastalarda travma sonrası gelişim ile ilgili çok az sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Bu çalışma, diyabetli hastalarda stres, başa çıkma stratejileri, hastanede yatış sayısı, sahip olunan çocuk sayısı ve ailenin toplam aylık geliri arasındaki olası ilişkinin travma sonrası gelişme üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye'deki çeşitli hastanelerde yatmakta olan Tip-II diyabetli hastalardan veri toplanmış (n=218) ve Schaefer ve Moos’un “Yaşam Krizi ve Kişisel Gelişim Modeline” dayanan araştırma modeli test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, hastaneye yatış sayısının, çocuk sayısının ve aylık gelirin etkisi kontrol edildiğinde, yüksek orandaki sorun odaklı başa çıkmanın, sosyal destek arayışının, kaçınma baş etme stratejisinin ve bilişsel kaçınmanın travma sonrası gelişim ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Diyabetli hastalara klinik ortamlarda yapılan müdahaleler dikkate alındığında, alanda çalışan uzmanlar özellikle hastaların sorun odaklı başa çıkma, sosyal destek arayışı ve kaçınma baş etme stratejileri üzerine odaklanmalıdır..

Keywords

Travma sonrası gelişim, diabetes mellitus

Supporting Institution

Tubitak-Sobag

Project Number

109K528 nolu SOBAG projesi

References

• Báguena, M. J., Villarroya, E., Beleña, Á., Díaz, A., Roldán, C., & Reig, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 581-604.
• Barskova, T., & Oesterreich, R. (2009). Post-traumatic growth in people living with a serious medical condition and its relations to physical and mental health: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil, 31(21), 1709-1733. doi:10.1080/09638280902738441
• Bjorck, J. P., & Byron, K. J. (2014). Does stress-related growth involve constructive changes in coping intentions? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(2), 97-107.
• Brunet, A., St-Hilaire, A., Jehel, L., & King, S. (2003). Validation of a French version of the impact of event scale-revised. Can J Psychiatry, 48(1), 56-61. doi:10.1177/070674370304800111
• Cagle, C. S., Appel, S., Skelly, A. H., & Carter-Edwards, L. (2002). Mid-life African-American women with type 2 diabetes: influence on work and the multicaregiver role. Ethn Dis, 12(4), 555-566.
• Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. J Trauma Stress, 13(3), 521-527. doi:Doi 10.1023/A:1007745627077
• Chiba, R., Miyamoto, Y., & Funakoshi, A. (2014). The concept of "benefit finding" for people at different stages of recovery from mental illness; a Japanese study. Journal of Mental Health, 23(1), 20-24. doi:10.3109/09638237.2013.841872
• Cohen, L. H., Hettler, T. R., & Pane, N. (1998). Assessment of posttraumatic growth. In C. L. P. L. G. C. R. G. Tedeschi (Ed.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis (pp. 23-42). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
• Dirik, G. (2006). Predictor variables of depression, anxiety and posttraumatic growth among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
• Dirik, G., & Gocek-Yorulmaz, E. (2018). Positive Sides of the Disease: Posttraumatic Growth in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Behavioral Medicine, 44(1), 1-10. doi:10.1080/08964289.2016.1173635
• Felix, E., Afifi, T., Kia-Keating, M., Brown, L., Afifi, W., & Reyes, G. (2015). Family Functioning and Posttraumatic Growth Among Parents and Youth Following Wildfire Disasters. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(2), 191-200. doi:10.1037/ort0000054
• Goodwin, R. D., & Davidson, J. R. (2005). Self-reported diabetes and posttraumatic stress disorder among adults in the community. Prev Med, 40(5), 570-574. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.013
• Guha, M., & Carson, J. (2014). Positive psychology, utilitarianism and the pursuit of happiness. Journal of Mental Health, 23(4), 159-161. doi:10.3109/09638237.2014.928404
• Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., & Tomich, P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(5), 797-816. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.797
• Ho, S., Rajandram, R. K., Chan, N., Samman, N., McGrath, C., & Zwahlen, R. A. (2011). The roles of hope and optimism on posttraumatic growth in oral cavity cancer patients. Oral Oncology, 47(2), 121-124. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.11.015
• Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med, 41(3), 209-218.
• Horsch, A., McManus, F., Kennedy, P., & Edge, J. (2007). Anxiety, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes. J Trauma Stress, 20(5), 881-891. doi:10.1002/jts.20247
• Isikli, S. (2006). The association among event-related attention bias, level of decomposition and working memory space in patients with post-traumatic stress symptoms [Travma Sonrası Stres Belirtileri Olan Bireylerde Olaya İlişkin Dikkat Yanlılığı, Ayrışma Düzeyi ve Çalışma Belleği Uzamı Arasındaki İlişkiler]. (Unpublished Doctorate Thesis), Hacettepe University, Ankara.
• Karanci, A. N., & Erkam, A. (2007). Variables related to stress-related growth among Turkish breast cancer patients. Stress and Health, 23(5), 315-322. doi:10.1002/smi.1154
• Kirby, R., Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Palk, G. (2011). Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies predict posttrauma outcomes in ambulance personnel. Traumatology, 17(4), 25-34.
• Kramer, J. R., Ledolter, J., Manos, G. N., & Bayless, M. L. (2000). Stress and metabolic control in diabetes mellitus: methodological issues and an illustrative analysis. Ann Behav Med, 22(1), 17-28. doi:10.1007/BF02895164
• Landolt, M. A., Ribi, K., Laimbacher, J., Vollrath, M., Gnehm, H. E., & Sennhauser, F. H. (2002). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol, 27(7), 647-652. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/27.7.647
• Larranaga, A., Docet, M. F., & Garcia-Mayor, R. V. (2011). Disordered eating behaviors in type 1 diabetic patients. World J Diabetes, 2(11), 189-195. doi:10.4239/wjd.v2.i11.189
• Milam, J. E., Ritt-Olson, A., & Unger, J. B. (2004). Posttraumatic growth among adolescents. J Adolescent Res, 19(2), 192-204. doi:10.1177/0743558403258273
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol, 88(5), 879-903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
• Polatinsky, S., & Esprey, Y. (2000). An assessment of gender differences in the perception of benefit resulting from the loss of a child. J Trauma Stress, 13(4), 709-718. doi:10.1023/A:1007870419116
• Reupert, A., Maybery, D., & Morgan, B. (2015). The family-focused practice of primary care clinicians: a case of missed opportunities. Journal of Mental Health, 24(6), 357-362. doi:10.3109/09638237.2014.998803
• Rosland, A. M., Piette, J. D., Lyles, C. R., Parker, M. M., Moffet, H. H., Adler, N. E., . . . Karter, A. J. (2014). Social support and lifestyle vs. medical diabetes self-management in the diabetes study of Northern California (DISTANCE). Ann Behav Med, 48(3), 438-447. doi:10.1007/s12160-014-9623-x
• Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1998). The context for posttraumatic growth: Life crises, individual and social resources, and coping posttraumatic growth. In R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Positive Changes in the Aftermath of Crisis (pp. 99-123).
• Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Schmidt, S. D., Blank, T. O., Bellizzi, K. M., & Park, C. L. (2012). The relationship of coping strategies, social support, and attachment style with posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors. J Health Psychol, 17(7), 1033-1040. doi:10.1177/1359105311429203
• Scrignaro, M., Barni, S., & Magrin, M. E. (2011). The combined contribution of social support and coping strategies in predicting post-traumatic growth: a longitudinal study on cancer patients. Psychooncology, 20(8), 823-831. doi:10.1002/pon.1782
• Senol-Durak, E. (2007). Environmental and individual resources, perception of the event, cognitive processing and coping as factors leading to posttraumatic growth among the survivor of myocardial infarction patients and their spouses. (Ph.D. Doctorate Thesis), Middle East Technical University,
• Senol-Durak, E. (2014). Stress Related Growth Among Diabetic Outpatients: Role of Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Cognitive Processing. Social Indicators Research, 118(2), 729-739. doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0435-3
• Senol-Durak, E., & Ayvasik, H. B. (2010). Factors associated with posttraumatic growth among myocardial infarction patients: perceived social support, perception of the event and coping. J Clin Psychol Med Settings, 17(2), 150-158. doi:10.1007/s10880-010-9192-5
• Senol-Durak, E., & Belgin Ayvasik, H. (2010). Factors associated with posttraumatic growth among the spouses of myocardial infarction patients. J Health Psychol, 15(1), 85-95. doi:10.1177/1359105309342472
• Senol-Durak, E., Durak, M., & Elagoz, F. O. (2011). Testing the psychometric properties of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) in Turkish university students and community samples. Clin Psychol Psychother, 18(2), 172-185. doi:10.1002/cpp.677
• Smith, L., Hill, N., & Kokanovic, R. (2015). Experiences of depression, the role of social support and its impact on health outcomes. Journal of Mental Health, 24(6), 342-346. doi:10.3109/09638237.2014.954693
• Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18. doi:DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
• Tedeschi, R. G., Park, C. L., & Calhoun, L. G. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis: Routledge.
• Triplett, K. N., Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., & Reeve, C. L. (2012). Posttraumatic Growth, Meaning in Life, and Life Satisfaction in Response to Trauma. Psychological Trauma-Theory Research Practice and Policy, 4(4), 400-410. doi:10.1037/a0024204
• Turner-Sack, A. M., Menna, R., Setchell, S. R., Maan, C., & Cataudella, D. (2012). Posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and psychological distress in adolescent survivors of cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs, 29(2), 70-79. doi:10.1177/1043454212439472
• Wee, H. L., Lee, W. W., Ravens-Sieberer, U., Erhart, M., & Li, S. C. (2005). Validation of the English version of the KINDL generic children's health-related quality of life instrument for an Asian population--results from a pilot test. Qual Life Res, 14(4), 1193-1200. doi:10.1007/s11136-004-2957-2
• Weinrib, A. Z., Rothrock, N. E., Johnsen, E. L., & Lutgendorf, S. K. (2006). The assessment and validity of stress-related growth in a community-based sample. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(5), 851-858. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.851
• Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale Revised. In J. P. Wilson, Keane, T.M. (Ed.), Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD (pp. 399-411). London: The Guilford.
• Windows, M. R., Jacobsen, P. B., Booth-Jones, M., & Fields, K. K. (2005). Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth Following Bone Marrow Transplantation for Cancer. Health Psychol, 24(3), 266-273.
• Wortman, C. B. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Progress and problems. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 81-90.
• Yu, Y., Peng, L., Liu, B., Liu, Y., Li, M., Chen, L., . . . Li, J. (2016). The effects of anxiety and depression on stress-related growth among Chinese army recruits: Resilience and coping as mediators. J Health Psychol, 21(9), 1884-1895. doi:10.1177/1359105314567769