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Frontal Lob Sendromu ve Adli Psikiyatrik Yönleri

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 507 - 518, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.657546

Abstract

Frontal lob sendromu, genellikle travmatik ya da neoplastik bir frontal lob hasarı sonucu görülen kişilik değişikliği tablosudur. Lezyonun lokalizasyonu orbitomedial bölgede ise amnezi ve konfabulasyon (masallama), disinhibe kişilik değişiklikleri çocuk-suluk, şakacı eğilim, seksüel dishinhibisyon, saldırganlık yelpazesinde bir kliniğe neden olur. Dorsolateral lezyonlar ise kararsızlık, apati ve yürütücü işlevlerin zayıfladığı bir tabloya yol açabilmektedir. Frontal lob sendromuna en sık yol açan neden, travmalar ve tümörler olup, serebrovasküler olaylar, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, santral sinir sistemi enfeksiyonları ve bazı başka hastalıklarda da bu tablo görülebilmektedir. Hastanın kişiliğindeki dramatik değişiklikler, frontal lob sendromunu dikkat çekici kılmakta, bu olgular, travma kökenliler çoğunlukta olmak üzere çeşitli davalarda adli tıbbi değerlendirmeye konu olabilmektedirler. Bu vakaların değerlendirildiği raporlarda söz konusu tablonun anatomik ve psikiyatrik komponentleri detayları ile irdelenmeli, dava dosyası da beraberinde incelenmek suretiyle görüş sunulmalıdır.

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References

  • Ahmad, M. T., Chan, L. L., & Prakash, K. M. (2011). Frontal lobe syndrome due to “A bunch of grapes”. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 40(7), 336–337. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870028 Amin, O. (2012). Fahr’s Disease and Frontal Lobe-Like Cognitive Dysfunction: A case report. Journal of Mood Disorders, 2(3), 119–122. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20120608073057 Aydın, N. (2009). Frontal Lob Sendromu. Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi, 2(3), 47–55. Biçer, Ü., Tırtıl, L., Kurtaş, Ö., & Aker, T. (2011). Adli Psikiyatri. In S. Koç & M. Can (Eds.), Birinci Basamakta Adli Tıp (2nd ed., p. 31). İstanbul: İstanbul Tabibp Odası. Birgen, N., Okudan, M., İnancı, M. A., & Okyay, M. (1999). İş Kazasına Bağlı Olgularda Maluliyet Oranı Hesaplanması: Adli Tıp Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 4(3), 101–108. Cansel, N., Yalçın, F., Savaş, H. A., Özovacı, A., & Selek, S. (2008). Büyüsel Düşüncenin Eşlik Ettiği Frontal Lob Sendromu : Olgu Sunumu. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 18(4), 309–313. Çalışma Gücü ve Meslekte Kazanma Gücü Kaybı Oranı Tespit İşlemleri Yönetmeliği https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/10/20081011-10.htm1 (Erişim tarihi 14.11.2019)
  • Çevik, B., Yıldırım, A., Aksoy, D., Özer, E., & Kurt, S. (2015). Kafa travması sonrası gelişen frontal lob sendromu : Olgu sunumu. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16, 223–226. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.155354 Coşkun, M., Alyanak, B., & Yapıcı, Z. (2012). Kluver-Bucy and Frontal Syndromes Following Meningoencephalitis in a Young Boy: Patophysiological and Clinical Considerations. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi Dergisi, 49(3), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y5917 Damasio, A. R., & Van Hoesen, G. W. (1983). Emotional disturbances associated with focal lesions of the limbic frontal lobe. In P. Satz & K. M. Heilman (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Human Emotion (pp. 85–110). New York: Guilford Press. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (2013) (5th Edition). American Psychiatric Association.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ICD 10. http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/en/oehicd10.pdf. (Erişim tarihi15.09.2019)
  • Emniyet Teşkilatı Sağlık Şartları Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/09/20190929-1.htm (Erişim tarihi 14.11.2019)
  • Ferreira-Garcia, R., Fontenelle, L. F., Moll, J., & de Oliveira-Souza, R. (2014). Pathological generosity: An atypical impulse control disorder after a left subcortical stroke. Neurocase, 20(5), 496–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2013.826681 Ferrier, D. (1878). The Goulstonian lectures on the localization of cerebral diseases. British Medical Journal 1878, 1, 443–447. Gislason, T. B., Sjögren, M., Larsson, L., & Skoog, I. (2003). The prevalence of frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and the frontal lobe syndrome in a population based sample of 85 year olds. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 74(7), 867–871. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.7.867 Gökmen, N. M., Evyapan Akkuş, D., Güllüoğlu, H., Jara, M., Sanchez, L., Özsan, N., … Gökmen, E. (2014). Frontal Lobe Like Syndrome Due To Bee Sting. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish), 31(2), 398–407. Güzel, S., Balcı, Y., Çetin, G., Gündoğmu, Ü. N., Balcı, Y., & Akın, M. (Eds.). (2013). Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda Tanımlanan Yaralama Suçlarının Adli Tıp Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Adli Tıp Kuumu. Harlow, J. M. (1848). Passage of an Iron Rod Through the Head. The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 39(20), 389–393. Harlow, J. M. (1868). Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar Through the Head. Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society, 2, 327–347. Hazra, S., Acharyya, S., & Acharyya, K. (2012). Primary pituitary abscess in an adolescent boy: a rare occurrence. Case Reports, 2012(dec18 2), bcr2012007134-bcr2012007134. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-007134
  • Kadı, M. R., Kadı, G., Balcı, Y., & Göçeoğlu, Ü. Ü. (2018). Meslekte Kazanma Gücü Kaybı Oranları ile Takdir Oranlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı Olguları. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 23(2), 77-88 Kartalcı, Ş., Ünal, S., & Özdemir, S. (2011). Adli yönden frontal lob sendromu: Bir olgu sunumu. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(2), 160–162. Labro, H., Al-Kadhimi, Z., Djmil, M., Oghlakian, R., & Alshekhlee, A. (2009). Brain amyloidoma with cerebral hemorrhage. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 109(7), 372–375. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19654273 Malloy, P., Bihrle, A., Duffy, D., & Cimino, C. (1993). The Orbitomedial Frontal Syndrome. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8(June), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(93)90035-Y Mesulam, M.-M. (1986). Frontal cortex and behavior. Annals of Neurology, 19(4), 320–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410190403 Moore, D. P., & Puri, B. K. (2012). Textbook of Clinical Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (3rd Editio). Roca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Mosby. (2013). Mosby’s Medical Dictionary (9th Editio). Elsevier Health Sciences. Mumoli, N., Pulerà, F., Vitale, J., & Camaiti, A. (2013). Frontal lobe syndrome caused by a giant meningioma presenting as depression and bipolar disorder. Singapore Medical Journal, 54(8), e158–e159. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013160 Nelson, S. L. (2014). Frontal Lobe Syndromes. Retrieved October 18, 2015, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135866-overview Oral, G. (2011). Adli Tıp ve Ruhsl Bozukluklar - Adli psikiyatri. In Adli Tıp Ders Kitabı (p. 559). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Ozan, E., Deveci, E., Kırpınar, İ., & Tehli, Ö. (2010). Olfaktor Oluk Meningiyomuna Bağlı Frontal Lob Sendromu : Gözden Geçirme. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11(3), 279–284. Paloneva, J., Autti, T., Hakola, P., & Haltia, M. J. (1993). Polycystic Lipomembranous Osteodysplasia with Sclerosing Leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL). GeneReviews(®). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301376 Paradiso, S., Chemerinski, E., Yazici, K. M., Tartaro, A., & Robinson, R. G. (1999). Frontal lobe syndrome reassessed: comparison of patients with lateral or medial frontal brain damage. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 67(5), 664–667. Potter, H., & Butters, N. (1980). An assessment of olfactory deficits in patients with damage to prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 16(6), 621–628. Rommel, O., Widdig, W., Mehrtens, S., Tegenthoff, M., & Malin, J. P. (1999). [’Frontal lobe syndrome’ caused by severe head trauma or cerebrovascular diseases]. Der Nervenarzt, 70(6), 530–538. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10412698 Sebit, M. B., Acuda, W., & Chibanda, D. (1996). A case of the frontal lobe syndrome following head injury in Harare, Zimbabwe. The Central African Journal of Medicine, 42(2), 51–53. Severs, M., Boelens, H. M., Diraoui, S. B., & Schuur, J. (2012). Chorea and a Frontal Lobe Syndrome: A Rare Neurological Presentation of Polycythemia Vera; A Case Report. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(3), 589–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03850.x Spitzer, P., Kohl, Z., Golitz, P., Coras, R., Blumcke, I., Bruck, W., … Maihofner, C. (2014). Biochemical markers of neurodegeneration in hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids. Case Reports, 2014(jun02 1), bcr2012008510-bcr2012008510. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-008510 Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1983). Frontal Lobe Lesion and Behavior. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization in Neuropsychology. New York: Academic Press. Sugden, S. G., Kile, S. J., Farrimond, D. D., Hilty, D. M., & Bourgeois, J. A. (2006). Pharmacological intervention for cognitive deficits and aggression in frontal lobe injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 21(1), 3–7. Tanabe, T., Yarita, H., Iino, M., Ooshima, Y., & Takagi, S. F. (1975). An olfactory projection area in orbitofrontal cortex of the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 38(5), 1269–1283. Turner, B. H., Gupta, K. C., & Mishkin, M. (1978). The locus and cytoarchitecture of the projection areas of the olfactory bulb in Macaca Mulatta. J. Comparative Neurology, 177(3), 381–396. Verplaetse, J. (2009). Localizing the Moral Sense: Neuroscience and the Search for the Cerebral Seat of Morality, 1800-1930. Springer Science & Business Media. Weidmayer, S. (2015). Frontal Mucocele with Intracranial Extension Causing Frontal Lobe Syndrome. Optometry and Vision Science, 92(6), 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000000594
  • Zeman, W., & King, F. A. (1958). Tumors of Septum Pellucidum and Adjacent Structures with Abnormal Affective Behavior: An Anterior Midline Structure Syndrome. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 127(6), 490–502.

Frontal Lobe Syndrome and Its Forensic Psychiatric Aspects

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 507 - 518, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.657546

Abstract

Frontal lobe syndrome is a clinical entity leading to personality change that is often seen as a result of a traumatic or neoplastic frontal lobe injury. If the lesion is orbitomedially located, the clinic presents in the spectrum of amnesia confabulation, disinhib-ited personality changes, joking tendency, puerility, sexual disinhibition, aggression and violence. In dorsolateral lesions clinic of apathy, instability and poor executive abilities can be seen.Frontal lobe syndrome is mostly caused by traumas and neoplasia; other causes are cerebrovascular events, neurodegenerative diseases, central nervous system infections and and many other diseases. Frontal lobe syndrome is remarkable by the dramatical changes in the personality of the patient and these cases may be subject to forensic medical evaluation in various cases, mostly traumatic origin. In the reports evaluating these cases, anatomical and psychiatric components of the clinic should be examined in detail and expert opinion should be presented by reviewing whole case file

References

  • Ahmad, M. T., Chan, L. L., & Prakash, K. M. (2011). Frontal lobe syndrome due to “A bunch of grapes”. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 40(7), 336–337. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870028 Amin, O. (2012). Fahr’s Disease and Frontal Lobe-Like Cognitive Dysfunction: A case report. Journal of Mood Disorders, 2(3), 119–122. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20120608073057 Aydın, N. (2009). Frontal Lob Sendromu. Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi, 2(3), 47–55. Biçer, Ü., Tırtıl, L., Kurtaş, Ö., & Aker, T. (2011). Adli Psikiyatri. In S. Koç & M. Can (Eds.), Birinci Basamakta Adli Tıp (2nd ed., p. 31). İstanbul: İstanbul Tabibp Odası. Birgen, N., Okudan, M., İnancı, M. A., & Okyay, M. (1999). İş Kazasına Bağlı Olgularda Maluliyet Oranı Hesaplanması: Adli Tıp Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 4(3), 101–108. Cansel, N., Yalçın, F., Savaş, H. A., Özovacı, A., & Selek, S. (2008). Büyüsel Düşüncenin Eşlik Ettiği Frontal Lob Sendromu : Olgu Sunumu. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 18(4), 309–313. Çalışma Gücü ve Meslekte Kazanma Gücü Kaybı Oranı Tespit İşlemleri Yönetmeliği https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/10/20081011-10.htm1 (Erişim tarihi 14.11.2019)
  • Çevik, B., Yıldırım, A., Aksoy, D., Özer, E., & Kurt, S. (2015). Kafa travması sonrası gelişen frontal lob sendromu : Olgu sunumu. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16, 223–226. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.155354 Coşkun, M., Alyanak, B., & Yapıcı, Z. (2012). Kluver-Bucy and Frontal Syndromes Following Meningoencephalitis in a Young Boy: Patophysiological and Clinical Considerations. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi Dergisi, 49(3), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y5917 Damasio, A. R., & Van Hoesen, G. W. (1983). Emotional disturbances associated with focal lesions of the limbic frontal lobe. In P. Satz & K. M. Heilman (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Human Emotion (pp. 85–110). New York: Guilford Press. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (2013) (5th Edition). American Psychiatric Association.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ICD 10. http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/en/oehicd10.pdf. (Erişim tarihi15.09.2019)
  • Emniyet Teşkilatı Sağlık Şartları Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/09/20190929-1.htm (Erişim tarihi 14.11.2019)
  • Ferreira-Garcia, R., Fontenelle, L. F., Moll, J., & de Oliveira-Souza, R. (2014). Pathological generosity: An atypical impulse control disorder after a left subcortical stroke. Neurocase, 20(5), 496–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2013.826681 Ferrier, D. (1878). The Goulstonian lectures on the localization of cerebral diseases. British Medical Journal 1878, 1, 443–447. Gislason, T. B., Sjögren, M., Larsson, L., & Skoog, I. (2003). The prevalence of frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and the frontal lobe syndrome in a population based sample of 85 year olds. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 74(7), 867–871. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.7.867 Gökmen, N. M., Evyapan Akkuş, D., Güllüoğlu, H., Jara, M., Sanchez, L., Özsan, N., … Gökmen, E. (2014). Frontal Lobe Like Syndrome Due To Bee Sting. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish), 31(2), 398–407. Güzel, S., Balcı, Y., Çetin, G., Gündoğmu, Ü. N., Balcı, Y., & Akın, M. (Eds.). (2013). Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda Tanımlanan Yaralama Suçlarının Adli Tıp Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Adli Tıp Kuumu. Harlow, J. M. (1848). Passage of an Iron Rod Through the Head. The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 39(20), 389–393. Harlow, J. M. (1868). Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar Through the Head. Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society, 2, 327–347. Hazra, S., Acharyya, S., & Acharyya, K. (2012). Primary pituitary abscess in an adolescent boy: a rare occurrence. Case Reports, 2012(dec18 2), bcr2012007134-bcr2012007134. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-007134
  • Kadı, M. R., Kadı, G., Balcı, Y., & Göçeoğlu, Ü. Ü. (2018). Meslekte Kazanma Gücü Kaybı Oranları ile Takdir Oranlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı Olguları. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 23(2), 77-88 Kartalcı, Ş., Ünal, S., & Özdemir, S. (2011). Adli yönden frontal lob sendromu: Bir olgu sunumu. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(2), 160–162. Labro, H., Al-Kadhimi, Z., Djmil, M., Oghlakian, R., & Alshekhlee, A. (2009). Brain amyloidoma with cerebral hemorrhage. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 109(7), 372–375. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19654273 Malloy, P., Bihrle, A., Duffy, D., & Cimino, C. (1993). The Orbitomedial Frontal Syndrome. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8(June), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(93)90035-Y Mesulam, M.-M. (1986). Frontal cortex and behavior. Annals of Neurology, 19(4), 320–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410190403 Moore, D. P., & Puri, B. K. (2012). Textbook of Clinical Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (3rd Editio). Roca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Mosby. (2013). Mosby’s Medical Dictionary (9th Editio). Elsevier Health Sciences. Mumoli, N., Pulerà, F., Vitale, J., & Camaiti, A. (2013). Frontal lobe syndrome caused by a giant meningioma presenting as depression and bipolar disorder. Singapore Medical Journal, 54(8), e158–e159. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013160 Nelson, S. L. (2014). Frontal Lobe Syndromes. Retrieved October 18, 2015, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135866-overview Oral, G. (2011). Adli Tıp ve Ruhsl Bozukluklar - Adli psikiyatri. In Adli Tıp Ders Kitabı (p. 559). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Ozan, E., Deveci, E., Kırpınar, İ., & Tehli, Ö. (2010). Olfaktor Oluk Meningiyomuna Bağlı Frontal Lob Sendromu : Gözden Geçirme. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11(3), 279–284. Paloneva, J., Autti, T., Hakola, P., & Haltia, M. J. (1993). Polycystic Lipomembranous Osteodysplasia with Sclerosing Leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL). GeneReviews(®). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301376 Paradiso, S., Chemerinski, E., Yazici, K. M., Tartaro, A., & Robinson, R. G. (1999). Frontal lobe syndrome reassessed: comparison of patients with lateral or medial frontal brain damage. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 67(5), 664–667. Potter, H., & Butters, N. (1980). An assessment of olfactory deficits in patients with damage to prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 16(6), 621–628. Rommel, O., Widdig, W., Mehrtens, S., Tegenthoff, M., & Malin, J. P. (1999). [’Frontal lobe syndrome’ caused by severe head trauma or cerebrovascular diseases]. Der Nervenarzt, 70(6), 530–538. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10412698 Sebit, M. B., Acuda, W., & Chibanda, D. (1996). A case of the frontal lobe syndrome following head injury in Harare, Zimbabwe. The Central African Journal of Medicine, 42(2), 51–53. Severs, M., Boelens, H. M., Diraoui, S. B., & Schuur, J. (2012). Chorea and a Frontal Lobe Syndrome: A Rare Neurological Presentation of Polycythemia Vera; A Case Report. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(3), 589–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03850.x Spitzer, P., Kohl, Z., Golitz, P., Coras, R., Blumcke, I., Bruck, W., … Maihofner, C. (2014). Biochemical markers of neurodegeneration in hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids. Case Reports, 2014(jun02 1), bcr2012008510-bcr2012008510. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-008510 Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1983). Frontal Lobe Lesion and Behavior. In A. Kertesz (Ed.), Localization in Neuropsychology. New York: Academic Press. Sugden, S. G., Kile, S. J., Farrimond, D. D., Hilty, D. M., & Bourgeois, J. A. (2006). Pharmacological intervention for cognitive deficits and aggression in frontal lobe injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 21(1), 3–7. Tanabe, T., Yarita, H., Iino, M., Ooshima, Y., & Takagi, S. F. (1975). An olfactory projection area in orbitofrontal cortex of the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 38(5), 1269–1283. Turner, B. H., Gupta, K. C., & Mishkin, M. (1978). The locus and cytoarchitecture of the projection areas of the olfactory bulb in Macaca Mulatta. J. Comparative Neurology, 177(3), 381–396. Verplaetse, J. (2009). Localizing the Moral Sense: Neuroscience and the Search for the Cerebral Seat of Morality, 1800-1930. Springer Science & Business Media. Weidmayer, S. (2015). Frontal Mucocele with Intracranial Extension Causing Frontal Lobe Syndrome. Optometry and Vision Science, 92(6), 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000000594
  • Zeman, W., & King, F. A. (1958). Tumors of Septum Pellucidum and Adjacent Structures with Abnormal Affective Behavior: An Anterior Midline Structure Syndrome. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 127(6), 490–502.
There are 7 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychiatry, Neurosciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Mehmet Hanifi Kokaçya 0000-0002-2961-7229

İbrahim Ortanca 0000-0002-8699-5162

Publication Date December 28, 2020
Acceptance Date March 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Kokaçya MH, Ortanca İ. Frontal Lob Sendromu ve Adli Psikiyatrik Yönleri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2020;12(4):507-518. doi:10.18863/pgy.657546

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