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Bağlanma ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Teorik Bir Çalışma

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 23 - 33, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.712563

Abstract

Heinz Kohut tarafından geliştirilen kendilik psikolojisi yaklaşımı, günümüzde en temel psikanalitik teorilerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Kohut’un kendilik kuramı ve Bowlby’nin bağlanma kuramı, bakım verenler ile kurulan ilişkinin önemi ve bunun sağlıklı bir kendilik duygusunun gelişimi ve yetişkinlik döneminde kurulacak ilişkiler üzerinde etkisi olacağı üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, kendilik psikolojisi içerisinde yer alan kendilik nesnesi kavramı ve bağlanma kuramının detaylı bir şekilde açıklanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda kendilik nesnesi ve bağlanma boyutlarının etkilerini incelemek için bağlanma ve kendilik nesnesi ile depresyon, anksiyete ve öznel iyi oluş ilişkisi ve bu ilişkilerde duygu düzenlemenin olası aracı etkisine dair alanyazın incelenmiştir. İleride yapılacak araştırmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

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Thanks

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References

  • Referans1 Ainsworth MD, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S (1978) Patterns of attachment.
  • Referans2 Banai E, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2005) "Selfobject" Needs in Kohut's Self Psychology: Links With Attachment, Self-Cohesion, Affect Regulation, and Adjustment. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 22(2): 224.
  • Referans3 Berant E, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2008) Mothers' attachment style, their mental health, and their children's emotional vulnerabilities: A 7‐year study of children with congenital heart disease. J Pers, 76(1): 31-66.
  • Referans4 Bowlby J (1969) Attachment and loss v. 3 (Vol. 1). Random House. Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D.(2009). Methods and measures: The network of relationships inventory: Behavioral systems version. Int J of Behav Dev, 33: 470-478.
  • Referans5 Bowlby J (1980) Attachment and loss: Vol. 3: Loss. Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
  • Referans6 Bowlby J (1982) Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. Am J of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4): 664.
  • Referans7 Bradley S (2000) Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York: Guilford.
  • Referans8 Brennan KA, Clark CL, Shaver PR (1998) Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview.
  • Referans9 Bretherton I, Ridgeway D, Cassidy J (1990) Assessing internal working models of the attachment relationship. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention, 273, 308.
  • Referans10 Brumariu LE, Kerns KA (2010) Parent–child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions. Dev Psychopathol, 22(1): 177-203.
  • Referans11 Bryant F (2003) Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring beliefs about savouring. J Ment Health, 12(2): 175-196.
  • Referans12 Butler EA, Egloff B, Wlhelm FH, Smith NC, Erickson EA, Gross JJ (2003) The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3(1): 48.
  • Referans13 Campbell-Sills L, Barlow DH (2007) Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. Handbook of emotion regulation, 2.
  • Referans14 Cassidy J (1994) Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 59(2‐3): 228-249.
  • Referans15 Cassidy J (2008) The nature of the child's ties.
  • Referans16 Denham SA (1998) Emotional development in young children. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Referans17 Dozier M, Stovall-McClough KC, Albus KE (2008) Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood.
  • Referans18 Eisner LR, Johnson SL, Carver CS (2009) Positive affect regulation in anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 23(5): 645-649.
  • Referans19 Fonagy P, Target M (1997) Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization. Dev Psychopathol, 9(4): 679-700.
  • Referans20 Fox NA (1994) Dynamic cerebral processes underlying emotion regulation. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 152-166.
  • Referans21 Freud S (1933) New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. New York: Norton.
  • Referans22 Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven P (2002) Manual for the use of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Leiderdorp, The Netherlands: DATEC.
  • Referans23 Gross JJ, John OP (2003) Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 85(2): 348.
  • Referans24 Gross JJ, Levenson RW (1997) Hiding feelings: the acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. J Abnorm Psychol, 106(1): 95.
  • Referans25 Gross JJ, Thompson RA (2007) Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations.
  • Referans26 Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol, 52(3): 511.
  • Referans27 Kohut H (1971) The analysis of the self. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Referans28 Kohut H (1977) The restoration of the self. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Referans29 Kohut H (1984) How does analysis cure? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Referans30 Kohut H, Wolf E (1978) The disorders of the self and their treatment: An outline. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 59: 413–425.
  • Referans31 Leerkes EM, Blankson AN, O’Brien M (2009) Differential effects of maternal sensitivity to infant distress and nondistress on social‐emotional functioning. Child development, 80(3): 762-775.
  • Referans32 Lopez FG, Siffert KJ, Thorne B, Schoenecker S, Castleberr E, Chaliman R (2013) Probing the relationship between selfobject needs and adult attachment orientations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30(2): 247.
  • Referans33 Madigan S, Atkinson L, Laurin K, Benoit D (2013) Attachment and internalizing behavior in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Dev Psychol, 49(4): 672.
  • Referans34 Masterson JF (1993) The emerging self: A developmental, self, and object relations approach to the treatment of the closet narcissistic disorder of the self. Psychology Press.
  • Referans35 Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2012) An attachment perspective on psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 11(1): 11-15.
  • Referans36 Maughan A, Cicchetti D (2002) Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children’s emotion regulation abilities and socioemotional adjustment. Child Dev, 73(5): 1525-1542
  • Referans37 Mennin D, Farach F (2007) Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology. Clin Psychol, 14(4): 329-352.
  • Referans38 Mikulincer M, Shaver PR, Pereg D (2003) Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motiv Emot, 27(2): 77-102.
  • Referans39 Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2007) Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and inter-group tolerance. Psychol Inq, 18(3): 139-156.
  • Referans40 Mollon P (2001) Releasing the self: The healing legacy of Heinz Kohut. Philadelphia: Whurr.
  • Referans41 Morrison AP (1986) 14. Shame, Ideal Self, and Narcissism. Essential papers on narcissism, 13: 348.
  • Referans42 Myers DG, Diener E (1995) Who is happy?. Psychol Scie, 6(1): 10-19.
  • Referans43 Schore AN (2003) Affect regulation and the repair of the self (norton series on interpersonal neurobiology) (Vol. 2). WW Norton & Company.
  • Referans44 Seligman ME, Csikszentmihalyi M (2000) Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55: 5–14.
  • Referans45 Shaver PR, Mikulincer M (2002) Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attach Hum Dev, 4(2): 133-161.
  • Referans46 Siegel D (2012) The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. New York: Guildford Press.
  • Referans47 Strozier CB (2001) Heinz Kohut: The making of a psychoanalyst. Macmillan.
  • Referans48 Schore AN (2002) The neurobiology of attachment and early personality organization. J Prenat Perinat Psychol and Health, 16: 249-264.
  • Referans49 Tonkin M, Fine HJ (1985) Narcissism and borderline states: Kernberg, Kohut, and psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic psychology, 2(3): 221.
  • Referans50 Tugade MM, Fredrickson BL (2007) Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience. J Happiness Stud, 8(3): 311-333.
  • Referans51 Velotti P, Di Folco S, Cesare Zavattini G (2013) What we know about “attachment disorders” in childhood. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 14(3-4): 61-77.
  • Referans52 Wearden AJ, Lamberton N, Crook N, Walsh V (2005) Adult attachment, alexithymia, and symptom reporting: An extension to the four category model of attachment. J Psychosom Res, 58(3): 279-288.
  • Referans53 Wolf E (1988) Treating the self. New York: Guilford Press.

Examining the Relationship between Attachment and Depression in Terms of Various Variables: A Theoretical Study

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 23 - 33, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.712563

Abstract

Self-psychology concept, developed by Heinz Kohut, is now seen as one of the most fundamental psychoanalytic theories. Kohut’s theory of self psychology and Bowlby’s attachment theory emphasizes the importance of early care giving relationship and how this has a profound effect on the development of a healthy sense of self and relationship in adulthood. In this study, it is aimed to explain the concept of self-object in self-psychology and attachment theory in detail. In this context, in order to examine the effects of self-object and attachment dimensions, the literature findings related to attachment and self-object with depression, anxiety and subjective well-being and the possible mediator effect of emotion regulation in these relationships were investigated. Suggestions were made for future research.

Project Number

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References

  • Referans1 Ainsworth MD, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S (1978) Patterns of attachment.
  • Referans2 Banai E, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2005) "Selfobject" Needs in Kohut's Self Psychology: Links With Attachment, Self-Cohesion, Affect Regulation, and Adjustment. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 22(2): 224.
  • Referans3 Berant E, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2008) Mothers' attachment style, their mental health, and their children's emotional vulnerabilities: A 7‐year study of children with congenital heart disease. J Pers, 76(1): 31-66.
  • Referans4 Bowlby J (1969) Attachment and loss v. 3 (Vol. 1). Random House. Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D.(2009). Methods and measures: The network of relationships inventory: Behavioral systems version. Int J of Behav Dev, 33: 470-478.
  • Referans5 Bowlby J (1980) Attachment and loss: Vol. 3: Loss. Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
  • Referans6 Bowlby J (1982) Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. Am J of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4): 664.
  • Referans7 Bradley S (2000) Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York: Guilford.
  • Referans8 Brennan KA, Clark CL, Shaver PR (1998) Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview.
  • Referans9 Bretherton I, Ridgeway D, Cassidy J (1990) Assessing internal working models of the attachment relationship. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention, 273, 308.
  • Referans10 Brumariu LE, Kerns KA (2010) Parent–child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions. Dev Psychopathol, 22(1): 177-203.
  • Referans11 Bryant F (2003) Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring beliefs about savouring. J Ment Health, 12(2): 175-196.
  • Referans12 Butler EA, Egloff B, Wlhelm FH, Smith NC, Erickson EA, Gross JJ (2003) The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3(1): 48.
  • Referans13 Campbell-Sills L, Barlow DH (2007) Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. Handbook of emotion regulation, 2.
  • Referans14 Cassidy J (1994) Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 59(2‐3): 228-249.
  • Referans15 Cassidy J (2008) The nature of the child's ties.
  • Referans16 Denham SA (1998) Emotional development in young children. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Referans17 Dozier M, Stovall-McClough KC, Albus KE (2008) Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood.
  • Referans18 Eisner LR, Johnson SL, Carver CS (2009) Positive affect regulation in anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 23(5): 645-649.
  • Referans19 Fonagy P, Target M (1997) Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization. Dev Psychopathol, 9(4): 679-700.
  • Referans20 Fox NA (1994) Dynamic cerebral processes underlying emotion regulation. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 152-166.
  • Referans21 Freud S (1933) New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. New York: Norton.
  • Referans22 Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven P (2002) Manual for the use of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Leiderdorp, The Netherlands: DATEC.
  • Referans23 Gross JJ, John OP (2003) Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol, 85(2): 348.
  • Referans24 Gross JJ, Levenson RW (1997) Hiding feelings: the acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. J Abnorm Psychol, 106(1): 95.
  • Referans25 Gross JJ, Thompson RA (2007) Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations.
  • Referans26 Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol, 52(3): 511.
  • Referans27 Kohut H (1971) The analysis of the self. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Referans28 Kohut H (1977) The restoration of the self. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Referans29 Kohut H (1984) How does analysis cure? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Referans30 Kohut H, Wolf E (1978) The disorders of the self and their treatment: An outline. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 59: 413–425.
  • Referans31 Leerkes EM, Blankson AN, O’Brien M (2009) Differential effects of maternal sensitivity to infant distress and nondistress on social‐emotional functioning. Child development, 80(3): 762-775.
  • Referans32 Lopez FG, Siffert KJ, Thorne B, Schoenecker S, Castleberr E, Chaliman R (2013) Probing the relationship between selfobject needs and adult attachment orientations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30(2): 247.
  • Referans33 Madigan S, Atkinson L, Laurin K, Benoit D (2013) Attachment and internalizing behavior in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Dev Psychol, 49(4): 672.
  • Referans34 Masterson JF (1993) The emerging self: A developmental, self, and object relations approach to the treatment of the closet narcissistic disorder of the self. Psychology Press.
  • Referans35 Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2012) An attachment perspective on psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 11(1): 11-15.
  • Referans36 Maughan A, Cicchetti D (2002) Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children’s emotion regulation abilities and socioemotional adjustment. Child Dev, 73(5): 1525-1542
  • Referans37 Mennin D, Farach F (2007) Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology. Clin Psychol, 14(4): 329-352.
  • Referans38 Mikulincer M, Shaver PR, Pereg D (2003) Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motiv Emot, 27(2): 77-102.
  • Referans39 Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2007) Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and inter-group tolerance. Psychol Inq, 18(3): 139-156.
  • Referans40 Mollon P (2001) Releasing the self: The healing legacy of Heinz Kohut. Philadelphia: Whurr.
  • Referans41 Morrison AP (1986) 14. Shame, Ideal Self, and Narcissism. Essential papers on narcissism, 13: 348.
  • Referans42 Myers DG, Diener E (1995) Who is happy?. Psychol Scie, 6(1): 10-19.
  • Referans43 Schore AN (2003) Affect regulation and the repair of the self (norton series on interpersonal neurobiology) (Vol. 2). WW Norton & Company.
  • Referans44 Seligman ME, Csikszentmihalyi M (2000) Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55: 5–14.
  • Referans45 Shaver PR, Mikulincer M (2002) Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attach Hum Dev, 4(2): 133-161.
  • Referans46 Siegel D (2012) The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. New York: Guildford Press.
  • Referans47 Strozier CB (2001) Heinz Kohut: The making of a psychoanalyst. Macmillan.
  • Referans48 Schore AN (2002) The neurobiology of attachment and early personality organization. J Prenat Perinat Psychol and Health, 16: 249-264.
  • Referans49 Tonkin M, Fine HJ (1985) Narcissism and borderline states: Kernberg, Kohut, and psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic psychology, 2(3): 221.
  • Referans50 Tugade MM, Fredrickson BL (2007) Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience. J Happiness Stud, 8(3): 311-333.
  • Referans51 Velotti P, Di Folco S, Cesare Zavattini G (2013) What we know about “attachment disorders” in childhood. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 14(3-4): 61-77.
  • Referans52 Wearden AJ, Lamberton N, Crook N, Walsh V (2005) Adult attachment, alexithymia, and symptom reporting: An extension to the four category model of attachment. J Psychosom Res, 58(3): 279-288.
  • Referans53 Wolf E (1988) Treating the self. New York: Guilford Press.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Neurosciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Zeynep Set 0000-0002-0223-683X

Project Number ------------
Publication Date March 31, 2021
Acceptance Date May 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Set Z. Bağlanma ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Teorik Bir Çalışma. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. March 2021;13(1):23-33. doi:10.18863/pgy.712563

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