Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Metacognitions, Psychological Resilience and Fear of Recurrence in Cancer Process

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 693 - 706, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.859242

Abstract

Cancer is a common life-threatening disease all over the world and can affect the people both physically and psychologically. Fear of recurrence is one of the most common psychological problems faced by individuals and their caregivers that is expressing the concern from diagnosis to the end of life that cancer may return or progress in cancer life even including the survivorship process. When the fear of recurrence reaches the clinical level, it can cause negative effects on individuals and their caregivers such as decreased quality of life, impaired functionality, and inadequate role performance. In this process, the concept of metacognition, which significantly increases the level of awareness of the individual, can have an effect on the individual’s perceptions and interpretations as well as the possibility of being positively or negatively affected by the disease process. In addition, the concept of resilience, which is a protective and enhancing factor in mental health, can make less harm to the person from the process and increase their well-being. In this way, the individual can use coping strategies more effectively and manage the process better. In this paper, we aimed to explain the relationship between the concepts of metacognitions, resilience and fear of recurrence, and to evaluate their effects on the cancer process in order to ensure that the individual suffers minimal damage from the process and provide well-being.

References

  • Allen JD, Savadatti S, Gurmankin Levy A (2009) The transition from breast cancer ‘patient’to ‘survivor’. Psychooncology, 18(1):71-78.
  • Allott R, Wells A, Morrison AP, Walker R (2005) Distress in Parkinson's disease: contributions of disease factors and metacognitive style. Br J Psychiatry, 187(2):182-183.
  • Baker F, Denniston M, Smith T, West MM (2005) Adult cancer survivors: how are they faring? Cancer, 104(11): 2565-76.
  • Basım HN, Çetin F (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 22(2):104-114.
  • Bekhet AK, Johnson NL, Zauszniewski JA (2012) Resilience in family members of persons with autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature. Issues Ment Health Nurs, 33(10):650-656.
  • Bonanno GA, Wortman CB, Nesse RM (2004) Prospective patterns of resilience and maladjustment during widowhood. Psychol Aging, 19(2): 260.
  • Boehmer U, Tripodis Y, Bazzi AR, Winter M, Clark MA (2016) Fear of cancer recurrence in survivor and caregiver dyads: differences by sexual orientation and how dyad members influence each other. J Cancer Surviv, 10(5):802-813.
  • Butow P, Kelly S, Thewes B, Hruby G, Sharpe L, Beith J (2015). Attentional bias and metacognitions in cancer survivors with high fear of cancer recurrence. Psychooncology, 24(4):416-423.
  • Carcione A, Nicolò G, Pedone R, Popolo R, Conti L, Fiore D et al. (2011) Metacognitive mastery dysfunctions in personality disorder psychotherapy. Psychiatry Res, 190(1):60-71.
  • Cartwright-Hatton S, Wells A (1997) Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. J Anxiety Disord,11(3):279-296.
  • Champagne A, Ivers H, Savard J (2018) Utilization of health care services in cancer patients with elevated fear of cancer recurrence. Psychooncology, 27(8):1958-1964.
  • Connor KM, Davidson JR, Lee LC (2003) Spirituality, resilience, and anger in survivors of violent trauma: A community survey. J Trauma Stress, 16(5):487-494.
  • Crist JV, Grunfeld EA (2013) Factors reported to influence fear of recurrence in cancer patients: a systematic review. Psychooncology, 22(5):978-986.
  • Cuhadar D, Tanrıverdi D, Pehlivan M, Kurnaz G, Alkan S (2016) Determination of the psychiatric symptoms and psychological resilience levels of hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients and their relatives. Eur J Cancer Care, 25(1):112-121.
  • Danhauer SC, Russell GB, Tedeschi RG, Jesse MT, Vishnevsky T, Daley K et al. (2013) A longitudinal investigation of posttraumatic growth in adult patients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia. J Clin Psychol Med Settings, 20(1):13-24.
  • Davydov DM, Stewart R, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I (2010) Resilience and mental health. Clin Psychol Rev, 30(5):479-495.
  • Dimaggio G, Semerari A, Carcione A, Nicolō G, Procacci M (2007) Psychotherapy of Personality Disorders: Metacognition, States of Mind and Interpersonal Cycles, New York, Routledge.
  • Doyle N (2008) Cancer survivorship: evolutionary concept analysis. J Adv Nurs, 62(4):499-509.
  • Dumont S, Fillion L, Gagnon P, Bernier N (2008) A new tool to assess family caregivers’ burden during end-of-life care. J Palliat Care, 24(3):151-161.
  • Erkan M (2019) Kanser sonrası sağ kalan bireyler ve bakım verenlerinde psikolojik sağlamlık ve üstbilişlerin nüks korkusu ile ilişkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Fardell JE, Thewes B, Turner J, Gilchrist J, Sharpe L, Girgis A et al. (2016) Fear of cancer recurrence: a theoretical review and novel cognitive processing formulation. J Cancer Surviv, 10(4):663-673.
  • Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin D, Piñeros M et al. (2019). Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer, 144(8):1941-1953.
  • Flavell JH (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. Am Psychol, 34(10):906.
  • Friborg O, Hjemdal O, Rosenvinge JH, Martinussen M (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 12(2):65-76.
  • Gaugler JE, Kane RL, Newcomer R (2007) Resilience and transitions from dementia caregiving. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 62(1):38-44.
  • Golden-Kreutz DM, Thornton LM, Gregorio WD, Frierson GM, Jim HS, Carpenter KM et al. (2005) Traumatic stress, perceived global stress, and life events: prospectively predicting quality of life in breast cancer patients. Health Psychol, 24(3):288.
  • Haase JE, Kintner EK, Monahan PO, Robb SL (2014) The resilience in illness model (RIM) Part 1: Exploratory evaluation in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Cancer Nurs, 37(3):E1.
  • Han JH, Han SH, Lee MS, Kwon HJ, Choe K (2016) Primary caregivers’ support for female family members with breast or gynecologic cancer. Cancer Nurs, 39(3):E49-E55.
  • Hjemdal O, Aune T, Reinfjell T, Stiles TC, Friborg O (2007) Resilience as a predictor of depressive symptoms: a correlational study with young adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry, 12(1):91-104.
  • Hjemdal O, Hagen R, Ottesen Kennair Leif E, Solem S, Wells A, Nordahl H (2014) Resilience and metacognitions as predictors of outcome in a randomized controlled treatment trial of generalized anxiety disorder. In MEDIMOND. Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Resilience: From Person to Society (Ed S Ionescu):1083. May 8-10 2014, Timisoara, Romania.
  • Howlader N, Noone A, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse S et al. (2015) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2012. National Cancer Institute, https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2012/. (Accessed 12.10.2020).
  • Hu T, Xiao J, Peng J, Kuang X, He B (2018) Relationship between resilience, social support as well as anxiety/depression of lung cancer patients: A cross-sectional observation study. J Cancer Ther Res, 14(1):72.
  • Hudson SV, Miller SM, Hemler J, Ferrante JM, Lyle J, Oeffinger KC, DiPaola RS (2012) Adult cancer survivors discuss follow-up in primary care:‘not what I want, but maybe what I need’. Ann Fam Med, 10(5):418-427.
  • Ickovics JR, Milan S, Boland R, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Vlahov, D et al. (2006). Psychological resources protect health: 5-year survival and immune function among HIV-infected women from four US cities. AIDS, 20(14):1851-1860.
  • Jansen JE, Harder S, Haahr UH, Lyse HG, Pedersen MB, Trauelsen AM et al. (2015) The Role of Metacognitions in Expressed Emotion and Distress: A Study on Caregivers of Persons with First‐Episode Psychosis. Clin Psychol Psychother, 22(6):525-532.
  • Janz NK, Li Y, Beesley LJ, Wallner LP, Hamilton AS, Morrison RA et al. (2016) Worry about recurrence in a multi-ethnic population of breast cancer survivors and their partners. Support Care Cancer, 24(11):4669-4678.
  • Kim Y, Carver CS, Spillers RL, Love-Ghaffari M, Kaw CK (2012) Dyadic effects of fear of recurrence on the quality of life of cancer survivors and their caregivers. Qual Life Res, 21(3):517-525.
  • Koch L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Schmid‐Höpfner S, Waldmann A et al. (2014) Fear of recurrence in long‐term breast cancer survivors—still an issue. Results on prevalence, determinants, and the association with quality of life and depression from the Cancer Survivorship—a multi‐regional population‐based study. Psychooncology, 23(5):547-554.
  • Koch L, Jansen L, Brenner H, Arndt V (2013) Fear of recurrence and disease progression in long‐term (≥ 5 years) cancer survivors—a systematic review of quantitative studies. Psychooncology, 22(1):1-11.
  • Krok‐Schoen JL, Naughton MJ, Bernardo BM, Young GS, Paskett ED (2018) Fear of recurrence among older breast, ovarian, endometrial, and colorectal cancer survivors: Findings from the WHI LILAC study. Psychooncology, 27(7):1810-1815.
  • Lambert SD, Girgis A, Lecathelinais C, Stacey F (2013) Walking a mile in their shoes: Anxiety and depression among partners and caregivers of cancer survivors at 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis. Support Care Cancer, 21(1):75-85.
  • Lebel S, Simard S, Harris C, Feldstain A, Beattie S, McCallum M et al. (2016) Empirical validation of the English version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. Qual Life Res, 25(2):311-321.
  • Lebel S, Tomei C, Feldstain A, Beattie S, McCallum M (2013) Does fear of cancer recurrence predict cancer survivors' health care use? Supportive Care Cancer, 21(3):901-906.
  • Lee‐Jones C, Humphris G, Dixon R, Bebbington Hatcher M (1997) Fear of cancer recurrence—a literature review and proposed cognitive formulation to explain exacerbation of recurrence fears. Psychooncology, 6(2):95-105.
  • Li Y, Qiao Y, Luan X, Li S, Wang K (2019) Family resilience and psychological well‐being among Chinese breast cancer survivors and their caregivers. Eur J Cancer Care, 28(2):e12984.
  • Lin CR, Chen SC, Chang JTC, Fang YY, Lai YH (2016) Fear of cancer recurrence and its impacts on quality of life in family caregivers of patients with head and neck cancers. J Nurs Res, 24(3):240-248.
  • Lin FY, Rong JR, Lee TY (2013) Resilience among caregivers of children with chronic conditions: a concept analysis. J Multidiscip Healthc, 6:323.
  • Liu Y, Pérez M, Schootman M, Aft RL, Gillanders WE, Jeffe DB (2011) Correlates of fear of cancer recurrence in women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 130(1):165.
  • Llewellyn CD, Weinman J, McGurk M, Humphris G (2008) Can we predict which head and neck cancer survivors develop fears of recurrence? J Psychosom Res, 65(6):525-532.
  • Luthar SS, Cicchetti D, Becker B (2000) Research on resilience: Response to commentaries. Child Dev, 71(3):573-575.
  • Lysaker PH, Buck KD, Carcione A, Procacci M, Salvatore G, Nicolò G et al. (2011) Addressing metacognitive capacity for self reflection in the psychotherapy for schizophrenia: a conceptual model of the key tasks and processes. Psychol Psychother, 84(1):58-69.
  • Lysaker PH, Carcione A, Dimaggio G, Johannesen J, Nicolò G, Procacci M et al. (2005) Metacognition amidst narratives of self and illness in schizophrenia: associations with neurocognition, symptoms, insight and quality of life. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 112(1):64-71.
  • Maguire R, Hanly P, Balfe M, Timmons A, Hyland P, O’Sullivan E et al. (2017) Worry in head and neck Cancer caregivers: the role of survivor factors, care-related stressors, and loneliness in predicting fear of recurrence. Nurs Res, 66(4):295-303.
  • Masten AS (2014) Ordinary magic: Resilience in development, New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Matthews BA (2003) Role and gender differences in cancer-related distress: a comparison of survivor and caregiver self-reports. Oncol Nurs Forum, 30(3):493-9.
  • Matzka M, Mayer H, Köck-Hódi S, Moses-Passini C, Dubey C, Jahn P et al. (2016) Relationship between resilience, psychological distress and physical activity in cancer patients: A cross-sectional observation study. PLoS One, 11(4):e0154496.
  • McGinty HL, Goldenberg JL, Jacobsen PB (2012) Relationship of threat appraisal with coping appraisal to fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors. Psychooncology, 21(2):203-210.
  • Mellon S, Kershaw TS, Northouse LL, Freeman‐Gibb L (2007) A family‐based model to predict fear of recurrence for cancer survivors and their caregivers. Psychooncology, 16(3):214-223.
  • Mellon S, Northouse LL, Weiss LK (2006) A population-based study of the quality of life of cancer survivors and their family caregivers. Cancer Nurs, 29(2):120-131.
  • Min JA, Yoon S, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee C, Song KY et al. (2013) Psychological resilience contributes to low emotional distress in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer, 21(9):2469-2476.
  • Mullens AB, McCaul KD, Erickson SC, Sandgren AK (2004) Coping after cancer: Risk perceptions, worry, and health behaviors among colorectal cancer survivors. Psychooncology, 13(6):367-376.
  • National Cancer Institute (2020) Survivorship. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/survivorship (Accessed 10.11.2020).
  • Noone A, Howlader N, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M et al. (2018) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2015. National Cancer Institute, https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2015/. (Accessed 12.10.2020).
  • Northouse L, Williams Al, Given B, McCorkle R (2012) Psychosocial care for family caregivers of patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 30(11):1227-1234.
  • Öcalan S, Üzar-Özçetin YS (2020) Kanser deneyiminde ruminasyon, tükenmişlik ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12(3):421-433.
  • Öz F, Yilmaz, EB (2009) Ruh sağlığının korunmasında önemli bir kavram: Psikolojik sağlamlık. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3):82-89.
  • Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller B, Feuer EJ et al. (2006) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2003. National Cancer Institute, https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2003/. (Accessed 12.10.2020).
  • Ristevska-Dimitrovska G, Filov I, Rajchanovska D, Stefanovski P, Dejanova B (2015) Resilience and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 3(4):727.
  • Rosenberg AR, Baker KS, Syrjala KL, Back AL, Wolfe J (2013) Promoting resilience among parents and caregivers of children with cancer. J Palliat Med, 16(6):645-652.
  • Rosenberg AR, Wolfe J, Bradford MC, Shaffer ML, Yi‐Frazier JP, Curtis JR. et al. (2014) Resilience and psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 61(3):552-557.
  • Savard J, Ivers H (2013) The evolution of fear of cancer recurrence during the cancer care trajectory and its relationship with cancer characteristics. J Psychosom Res, 74(4):354-360.
  • Schmidt SD, Blank TO, Bellizzi KM, Park CL (2012). The relationship of coping strategies, social support, and attachment style with posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors. J Health Psychol, 17(7):1033-1040.
  • Seiler A, Jenewein J (2019) Resilience in cancer patients. Front Psychiatry, 10:208.
  • Semerari A, Carcione A, Dimaggio G, Falcone M, Nicolò G, Procacci M et al. (2003) How to evaluate metacognitive functioning in psychotherapy? The metacognition assessment scale and its applications. Clin Psychol Psychother, 10(4):238-261.
  • Shi Q, Smith TG, Michonski JD, Stein KD, Kaw C, Cleeland CS (2011) Symptom burden in cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: A report from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors. Cancer, 117(12):2779-2790.
  • Simard S, Savard J (2015) Screening and comorbidity of clinical levels of fear of cancer recurrence. J Cancer Surviv, 9(3):481-491.
  • Simard S, Savard J, Ivers H (2010) Fear of cancer recurrence: Specific profiles and nature of intrusive thoughts. J Cancer Surviv, 4(4):361-371.
  • Simard S, Thewes B, Humphris G, Dixon M, Hayden C, Mireskandari S et al. (2013) Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: A systematic review of quantitative studies. J Cancer Surviv, 7(3):300-322.
  • Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Fedewa SA, Manassaram‐Baptiste D, Saslow D. et al. (2017) Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin, 67(2):100-121.
  • Simonelli LE, Siegel SD, Duffy NM (2017) Fear of cancer recurrence: A theoretical review and its relevance for clinical presentation and management. Psychooncology, 26(10):1444-1454.
  • Soriano EC, Pasipanodya EC, LoSavio ST, Otto AK, Perndorfer C, Siegel SD et al. (2018) Social constraints and fear of recurrence in couples coping with early stage breast cancer. Health Psychol, 37(9):874.
  • Spada MM, Mohiyeddini C, Wells A (2008) Measuring metacognitions associated with emotional distress: Factor structure and predictive validity of the metacognitions questionnaire 30. Pers Individ Dif, 45(3):238-242.
  • Stein KD, Syrjala KL, Andrykowski MA (2008) Physical and psychological long‐term and late effects of cancer. Cancer, 112(S11):2577-2592.
  • Strauss B, Brix C, Fischer S, Leppert K, Füller J, Roehrig B et al. (2007) The influence of resilience on fatigue in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 133(8):511-518.
  • Tan JH, Sharpe L, Russell H (2020) The impact of ovarian cancer on individuals and their caregivers: A qualitative analysis. Psychooncology, 1-9.
  • Thewes B, Bell ML, Butow P (2013) Fear of cancer recurrence in young early‐stage breast cancer survivors: The role of metacognitive style and disease‐related factors. Psychooncology, 22(9):2059-2063.
  • Thewes B, Butow P, Bell ML, Beith J, Stuart-Harris R, Grossi M et al. (2012) Fear of cancer recurrence in young women with a history of early-stage breast cancer: A cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with health behaviours. Supportive Care Cancer, 20(11):2651-2659.
  • Tian J, Hong JS (2014) Assessment of the relationship between resilience and quality of life in patients with digestive cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 20(48): 18439.
  • Tosun A, Irak M (2008) Üstbiliş Ölçeği-30'un Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerliği, güvenirliği, kaygı ve obsesif-kompülsif belirtilerle ilişkisi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 19(1).
  • Üzar-Özçeti̇n YS, Dursun Sİ (2020) Quality of life, caregiver burden, and resilience among the family caregivers of cancer survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 48:101832.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D (2017) Kanser Deneyiminde Travma Sonrası Büyüme ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(4):388-398.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D (2019) Effects of an empowerment program on resilience and posttraumatic growth levels of cancer survivors: A randomized controlled feasibility trial. Cancer Nurs, 42(6):E1-E13.
  • van de Wal M, Langenberg S, Gielissen M, Thewes B, van Oort I, Prins J (2017) Fear of cancer recurrence: A significant concern among partners of prostate cancer survivors. Psychooncology, 26(12):2079-2085.
  • van den Beuken‐van Everdingen MH, Peters ML, de Rijke JM, Schouten HC, van Kleef M, Patijn J (2008) Concerns of former breast cancer patients about disease recurrence: A validation and prevalence study. Psychooncology, 17(11):1137-1145.
  • Wagnild GM, Collins JA (2009) Assessing resilience. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, 47(12):28-33.
  • Walton M (2017) Lived experience of adult female cancer survivors to discover common protective resilience factors to cope with cancer experience and to identify potential barriers to resilience. J Cancer Ther Res, 13:373-375.
  • Wells A (2000). Emotional Disorders and Metacognition: Innovative Cognitive Therapy. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
  • Wells A, Cartwright-Hatton S (2004) A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ-30. Behav Res Ther, 42(4):385-396.
  • Wells A, Matthews G (1996) Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: The S-REF model. Behav Res Ther, 34(11-12):881-888.
  • Wells A, Fisher P, Myers S, Wheatley J, Patel T, Brewin CR (2009) Metacognitive therapy in recurrent and persistent depression: A multiple-baseline study of a new treatment. Cognit Ther Res, 33(3):291-300.
  • Wu G, Feder A, Cohen H, Kim J, Calderon S, Charney D et al. (2013) Understanding resilience. Front Behav Neurosci, 7:1-15.
  • Wu LM, McGinty H, Amidi A, Bovbjerg K, Diefenbach MA (2019) Longitudinal dyadic associations of fear of cancer recurrence and the impact of treatment in prostate cancer patients and their spouses. Acta Oncol, 58(5):708-14.
  • Zauszniewski JA, Bekhet AK, Suresky MJ (2010) Resilience in family members of persons with serious mental illness. Nurs Clin, 45(4):613-626.
  • Zuardin AR, Maidin MA, Tamar M, Yani A (2019) Patterns of family support in cervical cancer survivors with high resilience. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1):1604-1606.

Kanser Sürecinde Üstbilişler, Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Nüks Korkusu

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 693 - 706, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.859242

Abstract

Kanser, tüm dünyada sıklıkla görülen, bireyi hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik olarak etkileyebilen yaşamı tehdit edici bir hastalıktır. Kanser tanısı konulmasından yaşamın sonuna kadar olan ve sağkalım sürecini de içeren kanser yaşantısında, kanserin geri dönebileceğine veya ilerleyebileceğine dair endişeyi ifade eden nüks korkusu, bireylerin ve bakım verenlerinin en sık karşı karşıya kaldığı psikolojik sorunlardan biridir. Nüks korkusu klinik düzeye ulaştığında, bireyler ve bakım verenler üzerinde yaşam kalitesinde azalma, işlevsellikte bozulma, rol performansında yetersizlik gibi olumsuz etkiler oluşturabilmektedir. Bu süreçte bireyin farkındalık düzeyini oldukça artıran üstbiliş kavramı, bireyin algılamaları ve yorumlamalarının yanı sıra hastalık sürecinden olumlu ya da olumsuz etkilenme olasılığını etkileyebilmektedir. Ayrıca ruh sağlığında koruyucu ve geliştirici bir faktör olan psikolojik sağlamlık kavramı da bu süreçte kişinin süreçten daha az zarar görmesini sağlayabilmekte ve iyi oluşluğunu artırabilmektedir. Bu sayede birey baş etme sistemlerini daha etkin kullanabilmekte ve süreci daha iyi yönetebilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, kanser sürecinde bireyin süreçten en az düzeyde zarar görmesini ve iyi oluşluğunu sağlamak üzere incelenmesi gereken üstbilişler, psikolojik sağlamlık ve nüks korkusu kavramlarının kanser süreci ile ilişkisinin açıklanması ve sürece etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir.

References

  • Allen JD, Savadatti S, Gurmankin Levy A (2009) The transition from breast cancer ‘patient’to ‘survivor’. Psychooncology, 18(1):71-78.
  • Allott R, Wells A, Morrison AP, Walker R (2005) Distress in Parkinson's disease: contributions of disease factors and metacognitive style. Br J Psychiatry, 187(2):182-183.
  • Baker F, Denniston M, Smith T, West MM (2005) Adult cancer survivors: how are they faring? Cancer, 104(11): 2565-76.
  • Basım HN, Çetin F (2011). Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 22(2):104-114.
  • Bekhet AK, Johnson NL, Zauszniewski JA (2012) Resilience in family members of persons with autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature. Issues Ment Health Nurs, 33(10):650-656.
  • Bonanno GA, Wortman CB, Nesse RM (2004) Prospective patterns of resilience and maladjustment during widowhood. Psychol Aging, 19(2): 260.
  • Boehmer U, Tripodis Y, Bazzi AR, Winter M, Clark MA (2016) Fear of cancer recurrence in survivor and caregiver dyads: differences by sexual orientation and how dyad members influence each other. J Cancer Surviv, 10(5):802-813.
  • Butow P, Kelly S, Thewes B, Hruby G, Sharpe L, Beith J (2015). Attentional bias and metacognitions in cancer survivors with high fear of cancer recurrence. Psychooncology, 24(4):416-423.
  • Carcione A, Nicolò G, Pedone R, Popolo R, Conti L, Fiore D et al. (2011) Metacognitive mastery dysfunctions in personality disorder psychotherapy. Psychiatry Res, 190(1):60-71.
  • Cartwright-Hatton S, Wells A (1997) Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. J Anxiety Disord,11(3):279-296.
  • Champagne A, Ivers H, Savard J (2018) Utilization of health care services in cancer patients with elevated fear of cancer recurrence. Psychooncology, 27(8):1958-1964.
  • Connor KM, Davidson JR, Lee LC (2003) Spirituality, resilience, and anger in survivors of violent trauma: A community survey. J Trauma Stress, 16(5):487-494.
  • Crist JV, Grunfeld EA (2013) Factors reported to influence fear of recurrence in cancer patients: a systematic review. Psychooncology, 22(5):978-986.
  • Cuhadar D, Tanrıverdi D, Pehlivan M, Kurnaz G, Alkan S (2016) Determination of the psychiatric symptoms and psychological resilience levels of hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients and their relatives. Eur J Cancer Care, 25(1):112-121.
  • Danhauer SC, Russell GB, Tedeschi RG, Jesse MT, Vishnevsky T, Daley K et al. (2013) A longitudinal investigation of posttraumatic growth in adult patients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia. J Clin Psychol Med Settings, 20(1):13-24.
  • Davydov DM, Stewart R, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I (2010) Resilience and mental health. Clin Psychol Rev, 30(5):479-495.
  • Dimaggio G, Semerari A, Carcione A, Nicolō G, Procacci M (2007) Psychotherapy of Personality Disorders: Metacognition, States of Mind and Interpersonal Cycles, New York, Routledge.
  • Doyle N (2008) Cancer survivorship: evolutionary concept analysis. J Adv Nurs, 62(4):499-509.
  • Dumont S, Fillion L, Gagnon P, Bernier N (2008) A new tool to assess family caregivers’ burden during end-of-life care. J Palliat Care, 24(3):151-161.
  • Erkan M (2019) Kanser sonrası sağ kalan bireyler ve bakım verenlerinde psikolojik sağlamlık ve üstbilişlerin nüks korkusu ile ilişkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Fardell JE, Thewes B, Turner J, Gilchrist J, Sharpe L, Girgis A et al. (2016) Fear of cancer recurrence: a theoretical review and novel cognitive processing formulation. J Cancer Surviv, 10(4):663-673.
  • Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin D, Piñeros M et al. (2019). Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer, 144(8):1941-1953.
  • Flavell JH (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. Am Psychol, 34(10):906.
  • Friborg O, Hjemdal O, Rosenvinge JH, Martinussen M (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 12(2):65-76.
  • Gaugler JE, Kane RL, Newcomer R (2007) Resilience and transitions from dementia caregiving. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 62(1):38-44.
  • Golden-Kreutz DM, Thornton LM, Gregorio WD, Frierson GM, Jim HS, Carpenter KM et al. (2005) Traumatic stress, perceived global stress, and life events: prospectively predicting quality of life in breast cancer patients. Health Psychol, 24(3):288.
  • Haase JE, Kintner EK, Monahan PO, Robb SL (2014) The resilience in illness model (RIM) Part 1: Exploratory evaluation in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Cancer Nurs, 37(3):E1.
  • Han JH, Han SH, Lee MS, Kwon HJ, Choe K (2016) Primary caregivers’ support for female family members with breast or gynecologic cancer. Cancer Nurs, 39(3):E49-E55.
  • Hjemdal O, Aune T, Reinfjell T, Stiles TC, Friborg O (2007) Resilience as a predictor of depressive symptoms: a correlational study with young adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry, 12(1):91-104.
  • Hjemdal O, Hagen R, Ottesen Kennair Leif E, Solem S, Wells A, Nordahl H (2014) Resilience and metacognitions as predictors of outcome in a randomized controlled treatment trial of generalized anxiety disorder. In MEDIMOND. Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Resilience: From Person to Society (Ed S Ionescu):1083. May 8-10 2014, Timisoara, Romania.
  • Howlader N, Noone A, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse S et al. (2015) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2012. National Cancer Institute, https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2012/. (Accessed 12.10.2020).
  • Hu T, Xiao J, Peng J, Kuang X, He B (2018) Relationship between resilience, social support as well as anxiety/depression of lung cancer patients: A cross-sectional observation study. J Cancer Ther Res, 14(1):72.
  • Hudson SV, Miller SM, Hemler J, Ferrante JM, Lyle J, Oeffinger KC, DiPaola RS (2012) Adult cancer survivors discuss follow-up in primary care:‘not what I want, but maybe what I need’. Ann Fam Med, 10(5):418-427.
  • Ickovics JR, Milan S, Boland R, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Vlahov, D et al. (2006). Psychological resources protect health: 5-year survival and immune function among HIV-infected women from four US cities. AIDS, 20(14):1851-1860.
  • Jansen JE, Harder S, Haahr UH, Lyse HG, Pedersen MB, Trauelsen AM et al. (2015) The Role of Metacognitions in Expressed Emotion and Distress: A Study on Caregivers of Persons with First‐Episode Psychosis. Clin Psychol Psychother, 22(6):525-532.
  • Janz NK, Li Y, Beesley LJ, Wallner LP, Hamilton AS, Morrison RA et al. (2016) Worry about recurrence in a multi-ethnic population of breast cancer survivors and their partners. Support Care Cancer, 24(11):4669-4678.
  • Kim Y, Carver CS, Spillers RL, Love-Ghaffari M, Kaw CK (2012) Dyadic effects of fear of recurrence on the quality of life of cancer survivors and their caregivers. Qual Life Res, 21(3):517-525.
  • Koch L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Schmid‐Höpfner S, Waldmann A et al. (2014) Fear of recurrence in long‐term breast cancer survivors—still an issue. Results on prevalence, determinants, and the association with quality of life and depression from the Cancer Survivorship—a multi‐regional population‐based study. Psychooncology, 23(5):547-554.
  • Koch L, Jansen L, Brenner H, Arndt V (2013) Fear of recurrence and disease progression in long‐term (≥ 5 years) cancer survivors—a systematic review of quantitative studies. Psychooncology, 22(1):1-11.
  • Krok‐Schoen JL, Naughton MJ, Bernardo BM, Young GS, Paskett ED (2018) Fear of recurrence among older breast, ovarian, endometrial, and colorectal cancer survivors: Findings from the WHI LILAC study. Psychooncology, 27(7):1810-1815.
  • Lambert SD, Girgis A, Lecathelinais C, Stacey F (2013) Walking a mile in their shoes: Anxiety and depression among partners and caregivers of cancer survivors at 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis. Support Care Cancer, 21(1):75-85.
  • Lebel S, Simard S, Harris C, Feldstain A, Beattie S, McCallum M et al. (2016) Empirical validation of the English version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. Qual Life Res, 25(2):311-321.
  • Lebel S, Tomei C, Feldstain A, Beattie S, McCallum M (2013) Does fear of cancer recurrence predict cancer survivors' health care use? Supportive Care Cancer, 21(3):901-906.
  • Lee‐Jones C, Humphris G, Dixon R, Bebbington Hatcher M (1997) Fear of cancer recurrence—a literature review and proposed cognitive formulation to explain exacerbation of recurrence fears. Psychooncology, 6(2):95-105.
  • Li Y, Qiao Y, Luan X, Li S, Wang K (2019) Family resilience and psychological well‐being among Chinese breast cancer survivors and their caregivers. Eur J Cancer Care, 28(2):e12984.
  • Lin CR, Chen SC, Chang JTC, Fang YY, Lai YH (2016) Fear of cancer recurrence and its impacts on quality of life in family caregivers of patients with head and neck cancers. J Nurs Res, 24(3):240-248.
  • Lin FY, Rong JR, Lee TY (2013) Resilience among caregivers of children with chronic conditions: a concept analysis. J Multidiscip Healthc, 6:323.
  • Liu Y, Pérez M, Schootman M, Aft RL, Gillanders WE, Jeffe DB (2011) Correlates of fear of cancer recurrence in women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 130(1):165.
  • Llewellyn CD, Weinman J, McGurk M, Humphris G (2008) Can we predict which head and neck cancer survivors develop fears of recurrence? J Psychosom Res, 65(6):525-532.
  • Luthar SS, Cicchetti D, Becker B (2000) Research on resilience: Response to commentaries. Child Dev, 71(3):573-575.
  • Lysaker PH, Buck KD, Carcione A, Procacci M, Salvatore G, Nicolò G et al. (2011) Addressing metacognitive capacity for self reflection in the psychotherapy for schizophrenia: a conceptual model of the key tasks and processes. Psychol Psychother, 84(1):58-69.
  • Lysaker PH, Carcione A, Dimaggio G, Johannesen J, Nicolò G, Procacci M et al. (2005) Metacognition amidst narratives of self and illness in schizophrenia: associations with neurocognition, symptoms, insight and quality of life. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 112(1):64-71.
  • Maguire R, Hanly P, Balfe M, Timmons A, Hyland P, O’Sullivan E et al. (2017) Worry in head and neck Cancer caregivers: the role of survivor factors, care-related stressors, and loneliness in predicting fear of recurrence. Nurs Res, 66(4):295-303.
  • Masten AS (2014) Ordinary magic: Resilience in development, New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Matthews BA (2003) Role and gender differences in cancer-related distress: a comparison of survivor and caregiver self-reports. Oncol Nurs Forum, 30(3):493-9.
  • Matzka M, Mayer H, Köck-Hódi S, Moses-Passini C, Dubey C, Jahn P et al. (2016) Relationship between resilience, psychological distress and physical activity in cancer patients: A cross-sectional observation study. PLoS One, 11(4):e0154496.
  • McGinty HL, Goldenberg JL, Jacobsen PB (2012) Relationship of threat appraisal with coping appraisal to fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors. Psychooncology, 21(2):203-210.
  • Mellon S, Kershaw TS, Northouse LL, Freeman‐Gibb L (2007) A family‐based model to predict fear of recurrence for cancer survivors and their caregivers. Psychooncology, 16(3):214-223.
  • Mellon S, Northouse LL, Weiss LK (2006) A population-based study of the quality of life of cancer survivors and their family caregivers. Cancer Nurs, 29(2):120-131.
  • Min JA, Yoon S, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee C, Song KY et al. (2013) Psychological resilience contributes to low emotional distress in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer, 21(9):2469-2476.
  • Mullens AB, McCaul KD, Erickson SC, Sandgren AK (2004) Coping after cancer: Risk perceptions, worry, and health behaviors among colorectal cancer survivors. Psychooncology, 13(6):367-376.
  • National Cancer Institute (2020) Survivorship. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/survivorship (Accessed 10.11.2020).
  • Noone A, Howlader N, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M et al. (2018) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2015. National Cancer Institute, https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2015/. (Accessed 12.10.2020).
  • Northouse L, Williams Al, Given B, McCorkle R (2012) Psychosocial care for family caregivers of patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 30(11):1227-1234.
  • Öcalan S, Üzar-Özçetin YS (2020) Kanser deneyiminde ruminasyon, tükenmişlik ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12(3):421-433.
  • Öz F, Yilmaz, EB (2009) Ruh sağlığının korunmasında önemli bir kavram: Psikolojik sağlamlık. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3):82-89.
  • Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller B, Feuer EJ et al. (2006) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2003. National Cancer Institute, https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2003/. (Accessed 12.10.2020).
  • Ristevska-Dimitrovska G, Filov I, Rajchanovska D, Stefanovski P, Dejanova B (2015) Resilience and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 3(4):727.
  • Rosenberg AR, Baker KS, Syrjala KL, Back AL, Wolfe J (2013) Promoting resilience among parents and caregivers of children with cancer. J Palliat Med, 16(6):645-652.
  • Rosenberg AR, Wolfe J, Bradford MC, Shaffer ML, Yi‐Frazier JP, Curtis JR. et al. (2014) Resilience and psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 61(3):552-557.
  • Savard J, Ivers H (2013) The evolution of fear of cancer recurrence during the cancer care trajectory and its relationship with cancer characteristics. J Psychosom Res, 74(4):354-360.
  • Schmidt SD, Blank TO, Bellizzi KM, Park CL (2012). The relationship of coping strategies, social support, and attachment style with posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors. J Health Psychol, 17(7):1033-1040.
  • Seiler A, Jenewein J (2019) Resilience in cancer patients. Front Psychiatry, 10:208.
  • Semerari A, Carcione A, Dimaggio G, Falcone M, Nicolò G, Procacci M et al. (2003) How to evaluate metacognitive functioning in psychotherapy? The metacognition assessment scale and its applications. Clin Psychol Psychother, 10(4):238-261.
  • Shi Q, Smith TG, Michonski JD, Stein KD, Kaw C, Cleeland CS (2011) Symptom burden in cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: A report from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors. Cancer, 117(12):2779-2790.
  • Simard S, Savard J (2015) Screening and comorbidity of clinical levels of fear of cancer recurrence. J Cancer Surviv, 9(3):481-491.
  • Simard S, Savard J, Ivers H (2010) Fear of cancer recurrence: Specific profiles and nature of intrusive thoughts. J Cancer Surviv, 4(4):361-371.
  • Simard S, Thewes B, Humphris G, Dixon M, Hayden C, Mireskandari S et al. (2013) Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: A systematic review of quantitative studies. J Cancer Surviv, 7(3):300-322.
  • Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Fedewa SA, Manassaram‐Baptiste D, Saslow D. et al. (2017) Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin, 67(2):100-121.
  • Simonelli LE, Siegel SD, Duffy NM (2017) Fear of cancer recurrence: A theoretical review and its relevance for clinical presentation and management. Psychooncology, 26(10):1444-1454.
  • Soriano EC, Pasipanodya EC, LoSavio ST, Otto AK, Perndorfer C, Siegel SD et al. (2018) Social constraints and fear of recurrence in couples coping with early stage breast cancer. Health Psychol, 37(9):874.
  • Spada MM, Mohiyeddini C, Wells A (2008) Measuring metacognitions associated with emotional distress: Factor structure and predictive validity of the metacognitions questionnaire 30. Pers Individ Dif, 45(3):238-242.
  • Stein KD, Syrjala KL, Andrykowski MA (2008) Physical and psychological long‐term and late effects of cancer. Cancer, 112(S11):2577-2592.
  • Strauss B, Brix C, Fischer S, Leppert K, Füller J, Roehrig B et al. (2007) The influence of resilience on fatigue in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 133(8):511-518.
  • Tan JH, Sharpe L, Russell H (2020) The impact of ovarian cancer on individuals and their caregivers: A qualitative analysis. Psychooncology, 1-9.
  • Thewes B, Bell ML, Butow P (2013) Fear of cancer recurrence in young early‐stage breast cancer survivors: The role of metacognitive style and disease‐related factors. Psychooncology, 22(9):2059-2063.
  • Thewes B, Butow P, Bell ML, Beith J, Stuart-Harris R, Grossi M et al. (2012) Fear of cancer recurrence in young women with a history of early-stage breast cancer: A cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with health behaviours. Supportive Care Cancer, 20(11):2651-2659.
  • Tian J, Hong JS (2014) Assessment of the relationship between resilience and quality of life in patients with digestive cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 20(48): 18439.
  • Tosun A, Irak M (2008) Üstbiliş Ölçeği-30'un Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerliği, güvenirliği, kaygı ve obsesif-kompülsif belirtilerle ilişkisi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 19(1).
  • Üzar-Özçeti̇n YS, Dursun Sİ (2020) Quality of life, caregiver burden, and resilience among the family caregivers of cancer survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 48:101832.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D (2017) Kanser Deneyiminde Travma Sonrası Büyüme ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(4):388-398.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D (2019) Effects of an empowerment program on resilience and posttraumatic growth levels of cancer survivors: A randomized controlled feasibility trial. Cancer Nurs, 42(6):E1-E13.
  • van de Wal M, Langenberg S, Gielissen M, Thewes B, van Oort I, Prins J (2017) Fear of cancer recurrence: A significant concern among partners of prostate cancer survivors. Psychooncology, 26(12):2079-2085.
  • van den Beuken‐van Everdingen MH, Peters ML, de Rijke JM, Schouten HC, van Kleef M, Patijn J (2008) Concerns of former breast cancer patients about disease recurrence: A validation and prevalence study. Psychooncology, 17(11):1137-1145.
  • Wagnild GM, Collins JA (2009) Assessing resilience. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, 47(12):28-33.
  • Walton M (2017) Lived experience of adult female cancer survivors to discover common protective resilience factors to cope with cancer experience and to identify potential barriers to resilience. J Cancer Ther Res, 13:373-375.
  • Wells A (2000). Emotional Disorders and Metacognition: Innovative Cognitive Therapy. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
  • Wells A, Cartwright-Hatton S (2004) A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ-30. Behav Res Ther, 42(4):385-396.
  • Wells A, Matthews G (1996) Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: The S-REF model. Behav Res Ther, 34(11-12):881-888.
  • Wells A, Fisher P, Myers S, Wheatley J, Patel T, Brewin CR (2009) Metacognitive therapy in recurrent and persistent depression: A multiple-baseline study of a new treatment. Cognit Ther Res, 33(3):291-300.
  • Wu G, Feder A, Cohen H, Kim J, Calderon S, Charney D et al. (2013) Understanding resilience. Front Behav Neurosci, 7:1-15.
  • Wu LM, McGinty H, Amidi A, Bovbjerg K, Diefenbach MA (2019) Longitudinal dyadic associations of fear of cancer recurrence and the impact of treatment in prostate cancer patients and their spouses. Acta Oncol, 58(5):708-14.
  • Zauszniewski JA, Bekhet AK, Suresky MJ (2010) Resilience in family members of persons with serious mental illness. Nurs Clin, 45(4):613-626.
  • Zuardin AR, Maidin MA, Tamar M, Yani A (2019) Patterns of family support in cervical cancer survivors with high resilience. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1):1604-1606.
There are 104 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Review
Authors

Mehtap Ağaç 0000-0001-7853-2443

Yeter Sinem Üzar Özçetin 0000-0003-3744-1398

Publication Date December 25, 2021
Acceptance Date March 4, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Ağaç M, Üzar Özçetin YS. Kanser Sürecinde Üstbilişler, Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Nüks Korkusu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2021;13(4):693-706. doi:10.18863/pgy.859242

Creative Commons License
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.