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Çocukları Kanser Olan Ana-Babaların Tedavi Sürecindeki Psikolojik İhtiyaçları

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 324 - 336, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.996268

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı kanser tanılı çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin tedavi süreciyle bağlantılı ihtiyaçlarını, karşılaştıkları sorunlarla nasıl başa çıktıklarını ve tedavi sürecinde kendilerinde gözlemledikleri olumlu değişimleri belirlemektir. Araştırma, bir devlet üniversitesinin pediatrik onkoloji bölümünde yapılmış ve kanser tanısı almış çocuğu olan ebeveynler popülasyon grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi için, amaca yönelik örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çocukları bir devlet üniversitesi hastanesinin pediatrik onkoloji bölümünde tedavi gören toplam sekiz ebeveyn (5 anne, 3 baba) çalışmaya katılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak ebeveynlerle yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, çocuklarının kanser tanısı aldıktan sonraki ilk tepkilerinin; kabullenmeme, yıkılma, aile faciası olarak görme, altüst olma, ağlama, şok olma, inkâr etme, isyan etme, umutsuzluk ve çaresizlik hissetme olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ebeveynlerin tedavi sürecindeki ihtiyaçları ise sosyal destek ve hastane koşulları olmak üzere iki başlık altında toplanmıştır. Kullandıkları en etkili baş etme yöntemlerini dua etmek ve kabullenmek olarak belirtmişlerdir. Tedavi sürecinde kendilerinde gözlemledikleri olumlu değişiklikleri ise hastalığı kabullenme, önceliklerini değiştirme, olumlu düşünme ve olgunlaşma olarak ifade etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, ebeveynlerin psikolojik ve fiziksel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak düzenlemelere ihtiyaç olduğu ve zorlu bir tedavi sürecinden kişisel olarak olgunlaşarak çıktıkları görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre, hastanelerde hem kanser tedavisi gören çocuklar hem de aileleri için gerekli müdahale programlarının oluşturulması önerilmektedir.

Thanks

Analiz aşamasında yardımcı olan araştırmacı arkadaşlarıma teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Barakat LP, Alderfer, MA, ve Kazak, AE (2005) Posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of cancer and their mothers and fathers. Pediat Psychol, 31:413-419.
  • Bayat M, Erdem E, Gül Kuzucu E (2008) Depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and social support levels of the parents of children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 25:247-253.
  • Bogdan R, Biklen, SK (2007) Qualitative Research for Education: An introduction to theory and methods. NY, Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bozkurt C, Uğurlu Z, Tanyıldız HG, et al. (2019) Economic and psychosocial problems experienced by pediatric with cancer patients and their families during the treatment and follow-up process. Türk Pediatri Ars, 54: 35–39.
  • Chino F, Peppercorn J, Taylor DH, et al. (2014) Self-reported financial burden and satisfaction with care among patients with cancer. Oncologist, 19: 414–420.
  • Connerty TJ, Knott V (2013) Promoting positive change in the face of adversity: Experiences of cancer and post-traumatic growth. Eur J Cancer Care, 22:334-344.
  • Coyne JC, Tennen H (2010) Positive psychology in cancer care: Bad science, exaggerated claims, and unproven medicine. Ann Behav Med, 39:16-26
  • Darlington A-SE, Morgan JE, Wagland R, et al. (2021) COVID-19 and children with cancer: Parents’ experiences, anxieties and support needs. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 68:1-10.
  • Fadıloğlu Ç (1996) Kanserli hastaya bakım veren aile üyelerinin hastalıkla başa çıkma davranışlarının incelenmesi. Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 12: 21-34.
  • Fisher, HR (2001) The needs of parents with chronically sick children: A literature review. J Adv Nurs, 36: 600-607.
  • Gunst DCM, Kaatsch P, Goldbeck L (2016) Seeing the good in the bad: which factors are associated with posttraumatic growth in long-term survivors of adolescent cancer? Support Care Cancer, 24:4607-4615
  • Gurtovenko K, Fladeboe KM, Galtieri LR, et al. (2021) Stress and psychological adjustment in caregivers of children with cancer. Health Psychol, 40: 295–304.
  • Günay U, Özkan M (2019) Emotions and coping methods of Turkish parents of children with cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol. 37:398-412.
  • Hjemdal O, Friborg O, Stiles TC, et al. (2006) Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms: A prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clin Psychol Psychother, 13:194-201.
  • Jones BL (2007) Chapter 11. Caregivers of Children with Cancer, J Hum Behav Soc Environ, 14: 221-239.
  • Koudys J, Orlick T (2002) Coping with cancer: Lessons from a pediatric cancer patient and his family. Journal of Excellence, 7:36-53.
  • Kutluk T (2006) Çocukluk Çağı Kanserlerinin Epidemiyolojisi, Klinik Gelişim, 20:5-12.
  • Leff PT, Chan JM, Walizer E M (1991) Self-understanding and reaching out to sick children and their families: An ongoing professional challenge. Children's Health Care, 20:230-239.
  • Long KA, Marsland AL (2011) Family adjustment to childhood cancer: A systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 14:57–88.
  • López J, Velasco C, Noriega C (2021) The role of acceptance in parents whose child suffers from cancer. Eur J Cancer Care, 30: e13406.
  • Luszczynska A, Durawa AB, Dudzinsk M, et al. (2012).The effects of mortality reminders on posttraumatic growth and finding benefits among patients with life-threatening illness and their caregivers. Psychology & Health, 27:1227-1243,
  • McCaffrey CN (2006) Major stressors and their effects on the well-being of children with cancer. J Pediatr Nursing, 21:59-66.
  • Miles MB, Huberman AM (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Moreno PI, MA, Stanton AL (2013) Personal growth during the experience of advanced cancer, The Cancer Journal, 19:421-430
  • Murrell AR, Scherbarth AJ (2006) State of the research & literature address: ACT with children, adolescents and parents. Int J Behav Consult Ther, 2:531-543.
  • Özkan S (2007) Psiko-Onkoloji. İstanbul: Form Reklam Hizmetleri.
  • Palmer SJ (1993) Care of sick children by parents: A meaningful role. J Adv Nurs, 18(2), 185-191.
  • Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
  • Seiler A, Jenewein J (2019) Resilience in cancer patients. Front Psychiatry, 10:1-35.
  • Smith TB, McCullough ME, Poll J (2003) Religiousness and depression: Evidence for a main effect and the moderating infl uence of stressful life events. Psychol Bull, 129:614-636
  • Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG (2004) Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and emprical evidence. Psychol Inq, 15:1-18.
  • The National Cancer Institue (2020) Survivals rates increasing for children with certain hematologic malignancies. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics (Accessed 12.08.2021)
  • Toros F, Tot Ş, ve Düzovalı Ö (2002) Kronik hastalığı olan çocuklar, anne ve babalarındaki depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri. Klinik Psikiyatri, 5:240-247.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D (2017) Kanser deneyiminde travma sonrası büyüme ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9:388-397.
  • Yıldız E, Dedeli Ö, Pakyüz-Çınar S (2016) Kanser hastalarına bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım yükü ve yaşam kalitesinin incelenmesi. Hemşirelikte Eğitim Ve Araştırma Dergisi, 13: 216-225.
  • Yin RK (1984) Case Study Research: Designs and Methods. London: Sage
  • Zengin O, Saltık S, Duysak Y , et al. (2013) Kanserli Çocuğa Sahip Ailelerin Aşama Yaklaşımına Göre Gösterdikleri Tepkiler. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2:1-4 .

Psychological Needs of Parents whose Children Have Cancer in the Treatment Process

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue), 324 - 336, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.996268

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the needs of parents who have a child with cancer, how they cope with the problems they encounter, and the positive changes they observe in themselves during the treatment process The research was conducted in the pediatric oncology department of a state university and parents with a child diagnosed with cancer were determined as the population group.The purposeful sampling method was used. A total of eight parents (5 mothers, 3 fathers) participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the parents using the semi-structured interview method, which lasted an average of 55 minutes. The interviews were analyzed with the content analysis method. Participants reported that their first reactions after being diagnosed with cancer were rejection, collapse, being upset, crying, shocked, denial, rebelling, hopelessness and despair. Their needs in this process are grouped under two headings: Social support and hospital conditions. They stated that the most effective coping methods they used were praying and accepting. They expressed the positive changes they observed in themselves during the treatment process as accepting of illness, maturation, change of their priorities and positive thinking. It is seen that there is a need for arrangements to meet the psychological and physical needs of the parents and that they come out of a difficult treatment process. According to these results, it is recommended to establish necessary intervention programs for both children undergoing cancer treatment and their families.

References

  • Barakat LP, Alderfer, MA, ve Kazak, AE (2005) Posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of cancer and their mothers and fathers. Pediat Psychol, 31:413-419.
  • Bayat M, Erdem E, Gül Kuzucu E (2008) Depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and social support levels of the parents of children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 25:247-253.
  • Bogdan R, Biklen, SK (2007) Qualitative Research for Education: An introduction to theory and methods. NY, Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bozkurt C, Uğurlu Z, Tanyıldız HG, et al. (2019) Economic and psychosocial problems experienced by pediatric with cancer patients and their families during the treatment and follow-up process. Türk Pediatri Ars, 54: 35–39.
  • Chino F, Peppercorn J, Taylor DH, et al. (2014) Self-reported financial burden and satisfaction with care among patients with cancer. Oncologist, 19: 414–420.
  • Connerty TJ, Knott V (2013) Promoting positive change in the face of adversity: Experiences of cancer and post-traumatic growth. Eur J Cancer Care, 22:334-344.
  • Coyne JC, Tennen H (2010) Positive psychology in cancer care: Bad science, exaggerated claims, and unproven medicine. Ann Behav Med, 39:16-26
  • Darlington A-SE, Morgan JE, Wagland R, et al. (2021) COVID-19 and children with cancer: Parents’ experiences, anxieties and support needs. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 68:1-10.
  • Fadıloğlu Ç (1996) Kanserli hastaya bakım veren aile üyelerinin hastalıkla başa çıkma davranışlarının incelenmesi. Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 12: 21-34.
  • Fisher, HR (2001) The needs of parents with chronically sick children: A literature review. J Adv Nurs, 36: 600-607.
  • Gunst DCM, Kaatsch P, Goldbeck L (2016) Seeing the good in the bad: which factors are associated with posttraumatic growth in long-term survivors of adolescent cancer? Support Care Cancer, 24:4607-4615
  • Gurtovenko K, Fladeboe KM, Galtieri LR, et al. (2021) Stress and psychological adjustment in caregivers of children with cancer. Health Psychol, 40: 295–304.
  • Günay U, Özkan M (2019) Emotions and coping methods of Turkish parents of children with cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol. 37:398-412.
  • Hjemdal O, Friborg O, Stiles TC, et al. (2006) Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms: A prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clin Psychol Psychother, 13:194-201.
  • Jones BL (2007) Chapter 11. Caregivers of Children with Cancer, J Hum Behav Soc Environ, 14: 221-239.
  • Koudys J, Orlick T (2002) Coping with cancer: Lessons from a pediatric cancer patient and his family. Journal of Excellence, 7:36-53.
  • Kutluk T (2006) Çocukluk Çağı Kanserlerinin Epidemiyolojisi, Klinik Gelişim, 20:5-12.
  • Leff PT, Chan JM, Walizer E M (1991) Self-understanding and reaching out to sick children and their families: An ongoing professional challenge. Children's Health Care, 20:230-239.
  • Long KA, Marsland AL (2011) Family adjustment to childhood cancer: A systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 14:57–88.
  • López J, Velasco C, Noriega C (2021) The role of acceptance in parents whose child suffers from cancer. Eur J Cancer Care, 30: e13406.
  • Luszczynska A, Durawa AB, Dudzinsk M, et al. (2012).The effects of mortality reminders on posttraumatic growth and finding benefits among patients with life-threatening illness and their caregivers. Psychology & Health, 27:1227-1243,
  • McCaffrey CN (2006) Major stressors and their effects on the well-being of children with cancer. J Pediatr Nursing, 21:59-66.
  • Miles MB, Huberman AM (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Moreno PI, MA, Stanton AL (2013) Personal growth during the experience of advanced cancer, The Cancer Journal, 19:421-430
  • Murrell AR, Scherbarth AJ (2006) State of the research & literature address: ACT with children, adolescents and parents. Int J Behav Consult Ther, 2:531-543.
  • Özkan S (2007) Psiko-Onkoloji. İstanbul: Form Reklam Hizmetleri.
  • Palmer SJ (1993) Care of sick children by parents: A meaningful role. J Adv Nurs, 18(2), 185-191.
  • Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
  • Seiler A, Jenewein J (2019) Resilience in cancer patients. Front Psychiatry, 10:1-35.
  • Smith TB, McCullough ME, Poll J (2003) Religiousness and depression: Evidence for a main effect and the moderating infl uence of stressful life events. Psychol Bull, 129:614-636
  • Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG (2004) Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and emprical evidence. Psychol Inq, 15:1-18.
  • The National Cancer Institue (2020) Survivals rates increasing for children with certain hematologic malignancies. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics (Accessed 12.08.2021)
  • Toros F, Tot Ş, ve Düzovalı Ö (2002) Kronik hastalığı olan çocuklar, anne ve babalarındaki depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri. Klinik Psikiyatri, 5:240-247.
  • Üzar-Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D (2017) Kanser deneyiminde travma sonrası büyüme ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9:388-397.
  • Yıldız E, Dedeli Ö, Pakyüz-Çınar S (2016) Kanser hastalarına bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım yükü ve yaşam kalitesinin incelenmesi. Hemşirelikte Eğitim Ve Araştırma Dergisi, 13: 216-225.
  • Yin RK (1984) Case Study Research: Designs and Methods. London: Sage
  • Zengin O, Saltık S, Duysak Y , et al. (2013) Kanserli Çocuğa Sahip Ailelerin Aşama Yaklaşımına Göre Gösterdikleri Tepkiler. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2:1-4 .
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Fevziye Dolunay Cuğ 0000-0003-2102-7969

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Acceptance Date November 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Number: Supplement 1 (Research Issue)

Cite

AMA Dolunay Cuğ F. Çocukları Kanser Olan Ana-Babaların Tedavi Sürecindeki Psikolojik İhtiyaçları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2021;13(Ek 1):324-336. doi:10.18863/pgy.996268

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