Yetişkin Ayrılma Anksiyetesi Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme
Year 2022,
Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 46 - 56, 31.03.2022
Zeynep Namlı
,
Aynur Özbay
Lut Tamam
Abstract
Ayrılma anksiyetesi; bireyin temel bağlanma figürlerinden ayrılma ya da ayrılma beklentisi durumlarında aşırı kaygı yaşamasıdır. Ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu, Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve İstatistiksel El Kitabının beşinci (DSM-5) baskısına kadar çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemi bozukluğu olarak kabul edilmekteydi. Günümüzde ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğunun yetişkinlikte devam edebildiği ya da başladığı bilinmektedir. Yetişkin ayrılma anksiyete bozukluğu (YAAB) çocukluk dönemindekine benzer klinik belirtiler göstermektedir. YAAB’nin, anksiyete bozuklukları, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, kişilik bozuklukları gibi çeşitli komorbid ruhsal hastalıklarla ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. YAAB eşlik ettiği diğer psikiyatrik bozuklukların klinik belirtilerini ve gidişatını etkileyebilmektedir. YAAB’ye yönelik tedavi yaklaşımlarıyla ilgili yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır.
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Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder: A Review
Year 2022,
Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 46 - 56, 31.03.2022
Zeynep Namlı
,
Aynur Özbay
Lut Tamam
Abstract
Separation anxiety is excessive anxiety in separation from or expectation of separation from basic attachment figures. Separation anxiety disorder was considered a childhood and adolescent disorder until the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Nowadays, it is known that separation anxiety disorder may continue or begin in adulthood. Adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) shows similar clinical manifestations than in the children population. ASAD has been associated with several comorbid mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders. ASAD can also affect the clinical symptoms and course of comorbid psychiatric disorders. There is not enough data about the treatment approaches for ASAD.
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- Alfano CA, Beidel DC, Turner SM (2002) Cognition in childhood anxiety: Conceptual, methodological, and developmental issues. Clin Psychol Rev, 22(8):1209–1238.
- Alkın T (2010) Yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu. Türkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry- Special topics, 3:53-63.
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- Bögels SM, van Dongen L, Muris P (2003) Family influences on dysfunctional thinking in anxious children. Inf Child Dev, 12(3):243–252.
- Bögels SM, Knappe S, Clark LA (2013) Adult separation anxiety disorder in DSM-5. Clin psychol rev, 33(5): 663–674.
- Bolton D, Eley TC, O'Connor T, Perrin S, Rabe-Hesketh S, Rijsdijk F et al. (2006) Prevalence and genetic and environmental influences on anxiety disorders in 6-year-old twins. Psychol Med, 36(3): 335-344.
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- Brückl TM, Wittchen HU, Höfler M, Pfister H, Schneider S, Lieb R (2007) Childhood separation anxiety and the risk of subsequent psychopathology: Results from a community study. Psychother Psychosom, 76(1):47–56.
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- Coldur EO, Cokmus FP, Suculluoglu Dikici D, Aydemir O (2020) The validity and reliability of DSM-5 separation anxiety disorder severity scale-adult form. Dusunen Adam, 33: 237–243.
- Costa B, Pini S, Martini C, Abelli M, Gabelloni P, Ciampi O et al. (2009b) Mutation analysis of oxytocin gene in individuals with adult separation anxiety. Psychiatry Res, 168(2): 87–93.
- Costa B, Pini S, Martini C, Abelli M, Gabelloni P, Landi S et al. (2009a) Ala147 Thr substitution in translocator protein is associated with adult separation anxiety in patients with depression. Psychiatr Genet, 19(2):110–111.
- Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A (2003) Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch gen psychiatry, 60(8): 837–844.
- Cyranowski JM, Shear MK, Rucci P, Fagiolini A, Frank E, Grochocinski VJ et al. (2002) Adult separation anxiety: Psychometric properties of a new structured clinical interview. J Psychiatr Res, 36(2):77–86.
- Da Pozzo E, Costa B, Martini C (2012) Translocator protein (TSPO) and neurosteroids: implications in psychiatric disorders. Curr Mol Med, 12(4):426–442.
- Demir NÖ, Görgülü Y (2020) Bir üniversite hastanesi psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu tanılı hastalarda ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu görülme sıklığı. Klin Psikiyatr Derg, 23(2):188-195.
- Diriöz M, Alkin T, Yemez B, Eminagaoglu N, Onur E (2012b) Ayrilma anksiyetesi belirtileri için yapilandirilmis klinik görüsmesi Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik özellikleri/Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the structural clinical interview for separation anxiety symptoms. Noro Psikyatr Ars, 49(1):6-13.
- Diriöz M, Alkin T, Yemez B, Onur E, Eminağaoğlu N (2012a) Ayrılma anksiyetesi belirti envanteri ile yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesi anketinin Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 23(2):108–116.
- Eapen V, Silove DM, Johnston D, Apler A, Rees S (2012) Adult separation anxiety in pregnancy: how common is it? Int J Women’s Health, 4:251-256.
- Eaves L, Silberg JL, Meyer JM, Maes HH, Simonoff E, Pickles A e al. (1997) Genetics and developmental psychopatology: 2. the main effects of genes and environment on behavioral problems in the Virginia twin study of adolescent behavioral development. J Child Psychol Psychiat, 38(8):965-980.
- Ehringer MA, Rhee SH, Young S, Corley R, Hewitt JK (2006) Genetic and environmental contributions to common psychopathologies of childhood and adolescence: A study of twins and their Siblings. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 34(1):1–17.
- Elbay RY, Görmez A, Kılıç A, Avcı SH (2021) Separation anxiety disorder among outpatients with major depressive disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates. Compr Psychiatry, 105:152219.
- Eley TC, Rijsdijk FV, Perrin S, O'Connor TG, Bolton D (2008) A multivariate genetic analysis of specific phobia, separation anxiety and social phobia in early childhood. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 36(6):839–848.
- Foley DL, Pickles A, Maes HM, Silberg JL, Eaves LJ (2004) Course and short-term outcomes of separation anxiety disorder in a community sample of twins. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 43(9):1107–1114.
- Franz AP, Rateke L, Hartmann T, McLaughlin N, Torres AR, do Rosario MC et al. (2015) Separation anxiety disorder in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates. Eur Psychiatry, 30(1):145-151.
- Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ, Olvet DM, Pisarevskaya V, Hatchwell E (2010) Association of DRD4 polymorphism with severity of oppositional defiant disorder, separation anxiety disorder and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Neurosci, 32(6):1058–1165.
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