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Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testinin KKTC Lise Öğrencilerinde Norm Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: Supplement 1, 209 - 217
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1646221

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi'nin (RSPM) 15-18 yaş arası Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) lise öğrencileri için norm değerlerini belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modeli çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. Evreni KKTC'de ikamet eden lise öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem, kota örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ve 15-18 yaş aralığında yer alan 613 Lefkoşa Türk Lisesi öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama sürecinde, katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla “Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu” ve bilişsel düzeylerini ölçmek amacıyla RSPM kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularına göre, öğrencilerin RSPM puanları demografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı fark göstermemiştir. 1, 2 ve 3 asgari ücret gelir gruplarının puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 30,41; 30,94 ve 30,57’dir. Kardeş sayısına göre puan ortalamaları 29,69 ile 31,04 arasında değişmektedir. Yaş gruplarına göre ortalamalar birbirine yakındır (30,05–30,76). Anne eğitim düzeyine göre puanlar 30,41 ile 32,68 arasında, baba eğitim düzeyine göre ise 30,40 ile 31,86 arasında değişmektedir.
Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, incelenen demografik değişkenlerin bilişsel performans üzerinde anlamlı bir fark yaratmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, bilişsel yeteneklerin yalnızca sosyo-demografik özelliklerle sınırlı şekilde açıklanamayacağını düşündürmektedir. Gelecek çalışmalarda, bilişsel performansı etkileyebilecek psikolojik, çevresel ve nörolojik etmenlerin de dikkate alındığı çok boyutlu modellerin geliştirilmesi ve niteliksel verilerle desteklenen araştırma desenlerinin kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Tez Yazım Kılavuzuna uygun olarak hazırladığım çalışmamda; - Sunduğum bilgileri, dokümanları ve verileri akademik ve etik kurallar çerçevesinde elde ettiğimi, - Çalışmamda yararlandığım eserlerin tamamına atıfta bulunarak kaynak gösterdiğimi, - Elde ettiğim verilerde ve sonuçlarda herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı bildirir, aksi bir durumda aleyhimde doğabilecek tüm hak kayıplarını kabullendiğimi beyan ederim.

Supporting Institution

Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi

Thanks

Makale çalışmamda Yanımda olan ve destekleyen Doç.Dr. Hande Çelikay SÖYLER hocama teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Anastasi A, Urbina S (1997) Psychological Testing, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall,
  • Bagby RM, Psych C, Quilty LC, Ryder AC (2008) Personality and depression. Can J Psychiatry, 53:14–25.
  • Blake J (1989) Family Size and Achievement. Berkeley, CA , University of California Press,.
  • Bors DA, Stokes TL (1998) Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices norms for first year university students and the development of a short form. Educ Psychol Meas, 58:382–398.
  • Bradley RH, Corwyn RF (2002) Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu Rev Psychol, 53:371–399.
  • Bremner JD (2005) Effects of traumatic stress on brain structure and function: relevance to early responses to trauma. J Trauma Dissociation, 6:51–68.
  • Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD (2000) Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68:748–766.
  • Burgoyne AP, Sala G, Gobet F, Macnamara BN, Campitelli G, Hambrick DZ (2016) The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Intelligence, 59:72–83.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş, Çakmak EK, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F (2014) Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Corrigan F, Wee IC, Collins-Praino LE (2023) Chronic motor performance following different traumatic brain injury severity: A systematic review. Front Neurol, 14:1180353.
  • Cronbach JL (1970) Essentials of Psychological Testing. New York, NY, Harper.
  • Çetinkaya Ç (2007) Raven’in İlerleyen Matrisler Plus Testi’nin 6,5–8 yaş çocukları üzerinde geçerlilik, güvenilirlik, ön norm çalışmaları ve motivasyon stilleri tespiti ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi
  • Deary IJ, Strand S, Smith P, Fernandes C (2007) Intelligence and educational achievement. Intelligence, 35:13–21.
  • Ding W, Ding LJ, Li FF, Han Y, Mu L (2015) Neurodegeneration and cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 19:2275–2281.
  • Downey DB (2001) Number of siblings and intellectual development: the resource dilution explanation. Am Psychol, 56:497–504.
  • Eaton WW, Martins SS, Nestadt G, Bienvenu OJ, Clarke D, Alexandre P (2008) The burden of mental disorders. Epidemiol Rev, 30:1–14.
  • Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM (2005) Show me the child at seven: the consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 46:837–849.
  • Ferrer E, O'Hare ED, Bunge SA (2009) Fluid reasoning and the developing brain. Front Neurosci, 3:46–51.
  • Gosselin N, Bottari C, Chen JK, Huntgeburth SC, De Beaumont L, Petrides M et al. (2012) Evaluating the cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury and concussion by using electrophysiology. Neurosurg Focus, 33:1–7.
  • Kaplan A (2008) Raven’ın İlerleyen Matrisler Plus Testinin 12–13 yaş çocukları üzerinde geçerlik, güvenirlik ve ön norm çalışmalarına göre üstün zekalı olan ve olmayan öğrencilerin mantıksal düşünme yeteneklerinin karşılaştırılması. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Karakaş S, Eski R, Başar E (1996) Türk kültürü için standardizasyonu yapılmış nöropsikolojik testler topluluğu: BİLNOT bataryası. In: 32. Ulusal Nöroloji Kongresi Kitabı. s. 43–70. İstanbul, Türk Nöroloji Dergisi ve Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi. İstanbul.
  • Langener AM, Kramer AW, van den Bos W, Huizenga HM (2022) A shortened version of Raven's standard progressive matrices for children and adolescents. Br J Dev Psychol, 40:35–45.
  • Lichter DG, Corbett AJ, Fitzgibbon GM, Davidson OR, Hope JK, Goddard GV et al. (1988) Cognitive and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Clin Perform Comput Tomogr Correlations, 45:854–860.
  • Mackintosh NJ (2000) IQ and Human Intelligence. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.
  • McCrea M, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Barr W, Randolph C, Cantu RC et al. (2003) Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA, 290:2556–2563.
  • McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR, Kawas CH et al. (2011) The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the NIA–AA workgroups. Alzheimers Dement, 7:263–269.
  • Raven J (2000) The Raven’s Progressive Matrices: change and stability over culture and time. Cogn Psychol, 41:1–48.
  • Raven J, Raven JC, Court JH (1998) Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Section 1: General Overview. Oxford, UK, Oxford Psychologists Press.
  • Raven JC (1989) The Raven Progressive Matrices: a review of national norming studies and ethnic and socioeconomic influences. J Educ Meas, 26:1–16.
  • Ritchie K, Polge C, de Roquefeuil G, Djakovic M, Ledesert B (1997) Impact of anesthesia on the cognitive functioning of the elderly. Int Psychogeriatr, 9:309–326.
  • Rock PL, Roiser JP, Riedel WJ, Blackwell AD (2014) Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med, 44:2029–2040.
  • Sternberg RJ (2017) Intelligence: A New Look. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press,.
  • Strenze T (2007) Intelligence and socioeconomic success: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal research. Intelligence, 35:401–426.
  • Watkins C (2010) Learning, performance and improvement. INSI Research Matters, 43:1–15.
  • Yehuda R, McFarlane AC (1995) Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. Am J Psychiatry, 152:1705–1711.
  • Zaaiman HH (2001) Dynamic testing in selection for an educational programme: assessing South African performance on the Raven Progressive Matrices. Int J Select Assess, 9:258–269.

Norm Study of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test in TRNC High School Students

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: Supplement 1, 209 - 217
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1646221

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the norm values of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test (RSPM) for high school students aged 15-18 in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).
Method: The research was conducted within the framework of a correlational survey model. The population consists of high school students residing in the TRNC. The sample consisted of 613 students from Lefkoşa Turkish High School, selected using quota sampling and aged between 15 and 18. During the data collection process, the “Socio-Demographic Information Form” was used to determine the participants' demographic characteristics, and RSPM was used to measure their cognitive levels.
Results: According to the research findings, students' RSPM scores did not show significant differences according to demographic variables. The average scores for the minimum wage income groups 1, 2, and 3 are 30.41, 30.94, and 30.57, respectively. The average scores based on the number of siblings ranged from 29.69 to 31.04. The averages based on age groups were close to each other (30.05–30.76). The scores based on the mother's education level ranged from 30.41 to 32.68, while those based on the father's education level ranged from 30.40 to 31.86.
Conclusion: The findings reveal that the demographic variables examined do not have a significant impact on cognitive performance. This suggests that cognitive abilities cannot be explained solely by socio-demographic characteristics. Future studies are recommended to develop multidimensional models that consider psychological, environmental, and neurological factors that may influence cognitive performance, as well as research designs supported by qualitative data.

References

  • Anastasi A, Urbina S (1997) Psychological Testing, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall,
  • Bagby RM, Psych C, Quilty LC, Ryder AC (2008) Personality and depression. Can J Psychiatry, 53:14–25.
  • Blake J (1989) Family Size and Achievement. Berkeley, CA , University of California Press,.
  • Bors DA, Stokes TL (1998) Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices norms for first year university students and the development of a short form. Educ Psychol Meas, 58:382–398.
  • Bradley RH, Corwyn RF (2002) Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu Rev Psychol, 53:371–399.
  • Bremner JD (2005) Effects of traumatic stress on brain structure and function: relevance to early responses to trauma. J Trauma Dissociation, 6:51–68.
  • Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD (2000) Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68:748–766.
  • Burgoyne AP, Sala G, Gobet F, Macnamara BN, Campitelli G, Hambrick DZ (2016) The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Intelligence, 59:72–83.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş, Çakmak EK, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F (2014) Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Corrigan F, Wee IC, Collins-Praino LE (2023) Chronic motor performance following different traumatic brain injury severity: A systematic review. Front Neurol, 14:1180353.
  • Cronbach JL (1970) Essentials of Psychological Testing. New York, NY, Harper.
  • Çetinkaya Ç (2007) Raven’in İlerleyen Matrisler Plus Testi’nin 6,5–8 yaş çocukları üzerinde geçerlilik, güvenilirlik, ön norm çalışmaları ve motivasyon stilleri tespiti ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi
  • Deary IJ, Strand S, Smith P, Fernandes C (2007) Intelligence and educational achievement. Intelligence, 35:13–21.
  • Ding W, Ding LJ, Li FF, Han Y, Mu L (2015) Neurodegeneration and cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 19:2275–2281.
  • Downey DB (2001) Number of siblings and intellectual development: the resource dilution explanation. Am Psychol, 56:497–504.
  • Eaton WW, Martins SS, Nestadt G, Bienvenu OJ, Clarke D, Alexandre P (2008) The burden of mental disorders. Epidemiol Rev, 30:1–14.
  • Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM (2005) Show me the child at seven: the consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 46:837–849.
  • Ferrer E, O'Hare ED, Bunge SA (2009) Fluid reasoning and the developing brain. Front Neurosci, 3:46–51.
  • Gosselin N, Bottari C, Chen JK, Huntgeburth SC, De Beaumont L, Petrides M et al. (2012) Evaluating the cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury and concussion by using electrophysiology. Neurosurg Focus, 33:1–7.
  • Kaplan A (2008) Raven’ın İlerleyen Matrisler Plus Testinin 12–13 yaş çocukları üzerinde geçerlik, güvenirlik ve ön norm çalışmalarına göre üstün zekalı olan ve olmayan öğrencilerin mantıksal düşünme yeteneklerinin karşılaştırılması. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Karakaş S, Eski R, Başar E (1996) Türk kültürü için standardizasyonu yapılmış nöropsikolojik testler topluluğu: BİLNOT bataryası. In: 32. Ulusal Nöroloji Kongresi Kitabı. s. 43–70. İstanbul, Türk Nöroloji Dergisi ve Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi. İstanbul.
  • Langener AM, Kramer AW, van den Bos W, Huizenga HM (2022) A shortened version of Raven's standard progressive matrices for children and adolescents. Br J Dev Psychol, 40:35–45.
  • Lichter DG, Corbett AJ, Fitzgibbon GM, Davidson OR, Hope JK, Goddard GV et al. (1988) Cognitive and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Clin Perform Comput Tomogr Correlations, 45:854–860.
  • Mackintosh NJ (2000) IQ and Human Intelligence. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.
  • McCrea M, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Barr W, Randolph C, Cantu RC et al. (2003) Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA, 290:2556–2563.
  • McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR, Kawas CH et al. (2011) The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the NIA–AA workgroups. Alzheimers Dement, 7:263–269.
  • Raven J (2000) The Raven’s Progressive Matrices: change and stability over culture and time. Cogn Psychol, 41:1–48.
  • Raven J, Raven JC, Court JH (1998) Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Section 1: General Overview. Oxford, UK, Oxford Psychologists Press.
  • Raven JC (1989) The Raven Progressive Matrices: a review of national norming studies and ethnic and socioeconomic influences. J Educ Meas, 26:1–16.
  • Ritchie K, Polge C, de Roquefeuil G, Djakovic M, Ledesert B (1997) Impact of anesthesia on the cognitive functioning of the elderly. Int Psychogeriatr, 9:309–326.
  • Rock PL, Roiser JP, Riedel WJ, Blackwell AD (2014) Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med, 44:2029–2040.
  • Sternberg RJ (2017) Intelligence: A New Look. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press,.
  • Strenze T (2007) Intelligence and socioeconomic success: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal research. Intelligence, 35:401–426.
  • Watkins C (2010) Learning, performance and improvement. INSI Research Matters, 43:1–15.
  • Yehuda R, McFarlane AC (1995) Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. Am J Psychiatry, 152:1705–1711.
  • Zaaiman HH (2001) Dynamic testing in selection for an educational programme: assessing South African performance on the Raven Progressive Matrices. Int J Select Assess, 9:258–269.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Sinem Özdemir 0009-0002-1062-0564

Hande Çelikay Söyler 0000-0001-6735-1321

Early Pub Date August 26, 2025
Publication Date October 30, 2025
Submission Date February 26, 2025
Acceptance Date August 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 17 Issue: Supplement 1

Cite

AMA Özdemir S, Çelikay Söyler H. Norm Study of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test in TRNC High School Students. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. August 2025;17(Supplement 1):209-217. doi:10.18863/pgy.1646221

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