Morchella importuna mantarının Meyve Gövdeleri ve Kültür Miselyal Ekstraktlarının Farmakolojik Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin Yalova ilinden izole edilen Morchella importuna M. Kuo, O'Donnell & T.J. Volk 2012 suşunun sporoforları (SSE003-77FB) ve miselyal biyokütlesinden (SSE003-77MC) elde edilen metanolik ekstraktların farmakolojik potansiyelini araştırmak ve karşılaştırmaktır. Temel hedef; toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinin yanı sıra antioksidan aktivitelerini değerlendirerek, kültüre alınmış miselyaların doğadan toplanan mantarların sürdürülebilir bir alternatifi olarak biyoteknolojik önemini ortaya koymaktır. Yöntem: Sporofor ve miselyal biyokütle örnekleri kurutulup toz haline getirilmiş ve metanol ile ekstrakte edilmiştir. Toplam fenolik içerik (TPC), Folin–Ciocalteu yöntemiyle; toplam flavonoid içerik (TFC) ise alüminyum klorür yöntemiyle tayin edilmiştir. Antioksidan kapasiteleri, DPPH radikal süpürme ve CUPRAC yöntemleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Tüm ölçümler üç tekrar halinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve istatistiksel anlamlılık tek yönlü ANOVA ile değerlendirilmiştir (p < 0.05). Bulgular: SSE003-77FB örnekleri, toplam fenolik içerik (1121.79 ± 54.14 mg GAE/kg), flavonoid içerik (1260.06 ± 47.35 mg CE/kg) ve antioksidan kapasite (DPPH: 3033.33 ± 71.84 mg TE/kg; CUPRAC: 1227.89 ± 37.14 mg TE/kg) bakımından SSE003-77MC'ye kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksek değerlere sahipti. Bununla birlikte, miselyal ekstraktlar da önemli düzeyde biyolojik aktivite göstermiştir (TPC: 243.85 ± 41.45 mg GAE/kg; TFC: 715.55 ± 27.62 mg CE/kg; DPPH: 1012.92 ± 99.96 mg TE/kg; CUPRAC: 528.20 ± 13.10 mg TE/kg). Bu durum, kontrollü koşullarda kültüre alınan miselyaların farmasötik formülasyonlar, fonksiyonel gıda üretimi ve gelecekteki biyoteknolojik uygulamalar için sürdürülebilir, standardize edilebilir ve mevsimden bağımsız biyokaynaklar olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, M. importuna miselyal biyokütlesinin farmakolojik açıdan önemli bir kaynak olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. İn vitro koşullarda kültürlenmiş mantar miselyaları, tekrar üretilebilir, sürdürülebilir ve mevsimsel kısıtlamalardan bağımsız biyolojik bileşik kaynakları sunarak farmasötik ve nutrasötik uygulamalarda kullanılmak üzere değerli bir alternatif teşkil etmektedir. Bu karşılaştırmalı yaklaşım, kültüre alınmış fungal biyokütlenin, doğadan sporofor toplanmasının yerine geçebilecek potansiyelini vurgulayan yenilikçi bir perspektif sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Farmakolojik profilleme
• Antioksidan farmakodinamiği
• Doğal ilaç öncülleri
• Morchella importuna

Comparative Evaluation of Fruiting Bodies and Cultured Mycelial Extracts of Morchella importuna for Pharmacological

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the pharmacological potential of methanolic extracts from fruiting bodies (SSE003-77FB) and mycelial biomass (SSE003-77MC) of Morchella importuna M. Kuo, O'Donnell & TJ Volk 2012, isolated from Yalova province, Türkiye. The primary goal was to assess their total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity, to evaluate the biotechnological relevance of cultured mycelia as a sustainable alternative to wild-harvested mushrooms. Methods: Fruiting bodies and mycelial biomass were dried, powdered, and subjected to methanolic extraction. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were quantified using Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride assays, respectively. Antioxidant potential was assessed via DPPH radical scavenging and CUPRAC assays. All measurements were performed in triplicate, and statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: SSE003-77FB showed significantly higher total phenolic (1121.79 ± 54.14 mg GAE/kg) and flavonoid contents (1260.06 ± 47.35 mg CE/kg), as well as stronger antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 3033.33 ± 71.84 mg TE/kg; CUPRAC: 1227.89 ± 37.14 mg TE/kg) compared with SSE003-77MC. However, mycelial extracts retained substantial bioactivity (TPC: 243.85 ± 41.45 mg GAE/kg; TFC: 715.55 ± 27.62 mg CE/kg; DPPH: 1012.92 ± 99.96 mg TE/kg; CUPRAC: 528.20 ± 13.10 mg TE/kg), supporting their potential as sustainable, standardized, and season-independent bioresources for pharmaceutical formulations, functional food development, and future biotechnological exploitation under controlled cultivation conditions. Conclusion: These findings underscore the pharmacological relevance of M. importuna mycelial biomass, suggesting that in vitro cultivation can provide reproducible, sustainable, and season-independent sources of bioactive metabolites for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical. applications. This comparative approach offers novel insights into the valorization of cultured fungal biomass as a viable replacement for fruiting body harvesting.

Keywords

• Pharmacological profiling
• Antioxidant pharmacodynamics
• Natural drug precursors
• Morchella importuna

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