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Legio XII Fulminata’da optio olarak Askerlik Yapmış Olan C. Iulius’un Mezartaşı

Year 2017, Volume: 3, 176 - 187, 31.12.2017

Abstract

Kappadokia’da Vespasianus Devri’nin hemen başından itibaren iki lejyon bulunmaktaydı: Melitene’de Legio XII Fulminata ve Satala’da Legio XVI Flavia Firma (İ.S. 120 yılından itibaren Legio XV Apollinaris). Bununla birlikte Cappadokia’da konuşlu lejyonlarda görev yapmış askerlere ilişkin veri hala son derece kısıtlıdır. Bunun temel sebebi Kappadokia’da konuya ilişkin çok az yazıt bulunmuş olmasıdır. Kappadokia lejyonlarından terhis olmuş askerlere dair her bir yeni belge tam da bu nedenle son derece önemlidir. Legio XII Fulminata’da optio olarak askerlik yaptıktan sonra memleketine geri dönen C. Iulius’un burada tanıtılan mezar yazıtı bu bağlamda ilgili konuya dair yeni bir veri sunmaktadır. Yazıt Adana İli, Saimbeyli İlçesi’ne bağlı Himmetli Köyü’nde bulunmuştur. Harf karakterleri temelinde yazıtı İ.S. II.–III. yüzyıla tarihlendirmek mümkündür. Mezar yazıtının dikildiği kırsal yerleşim Kappadokia ile Kilikia arasında Gülek Boğazı’ndan Mazgaç Geçiti istikametinde ilerleyen sınır hattının hemen kuzeyinde yer almaktadır. Buna göre Kappadokia sınırları içinde kalan kırsal yerleşim, biri Kaisareia ile Melitene, diğeri ise Satala ile Tarsos arasındaki yolların kesiştiği önemli bir kavşak noktası olan Kukusos Kenti’nin territoryumunda yer almış olmalıdır. Bu yeni yazıt temelinde yazarlar şu sonuçlara ulaşmaktadırlar: 1) Roma lejyonlarına Anadolu’dan asker alımları İ.S. 2. ve 3. yüzyıllar boyunca önemli oranda devam etmiştir, 2) terhis olmuş askerlere ilişkin yeni malzemeler askerlik hizmetinin ardından memleketine dönenlerin sayısının azımsanmaması gerektiği yönünde uyarıcı olarak görülebilirler ve 3) Kappadokia’lı emekli asker C. Iulius’un mezar yazıtı, Kappadokia’nın özellikle de sınır bölgelerinin, Kappadokia lejyonları için önemli bir asker kaynağı olduğu görüşünü destekler mahiyettedir. Makaleye konu olan yazıtın çevirisi şöyledir: 

«Gaius Iulius, 12. Legio’da optio olarak saygın bir şekilde askerlik hizmeti yaptıktan sonra (vatanına) geri dönünce Priscus’un kızı olan eşi Valeria Ma ile birlikte (bu mezarı) kendileri için yaptırdı.»

References

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The Gravestone of C. Iulius, optio of the Legio XII Fulminata

Year 2017, Volume: 3, 176 - 187, 31.12.2017

Abstract

Cappadocia had two legionary garrisons from the very beginning of Vespasian’s reign: Legio XII Fulminata at Melitene, and Legio XVI Flavia Firma at Satala (from 120 AD replaced by Legio XV Apollinaris). The evidence for the recruits of these Cappadocian legions is, however, still slight. This is mainly because very few relevant inscriptions have been found in Cappadocia itself. For this reason every new document of veterans who served in Cappadocian legions is crucial. In this context the funerary inscription of C. Iulius who returned to his homeland after serving as optio in the Legio XII Fulminata gives new evidence on the subject. It was found in the village of Himmetli situated in the territory of Saimbeyli, the district of the Pro¬vince of Adana. Judging from the letter forms the inscription can be assigned to the II.–III. century AD. The rural settlement where the gravestone was erected is situated immediately to the north of the border between Cappadocia and Cilicia, lying through the line between Kilikiai Pylai and Mazgaç Pass. Accordingly it must have lied in the territory of the Cappadocian polis Kukusos, an important junction of the roads from Kaisareia to Melitene and from Sebasteia to Tarsos. On the basis of the new inscription the authors conclude that the practice of recruitment from Asia Minor continued on a considerable scale throughout the second and third centuries AD; that new materials concerning veterans may indi-cate that the number of those who returned to their hometown must not be underestimated; and that the funerary inscription of the Cappadocian veteran, C. Iulius, may support the suggestion that Cappadocia, and especially its frontier areas, supplied a high proportion of the total recruits for the Cappadocian legions, like those of the other eastern provinces.

References

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  • Baz 2015 F. Baz, Neue Grabstele aus dem Dorf Elemanlı in Kappadokien, in: D. Beyer – O. Henry – A. Tibet (ed.), La Cappadoce méridionale: de la préhistoire à la période byzantine, Istanbul 2015, 215–221.
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  • Bennett 1997 J. Bennett, Trajan: Optimus Princeps. A Life and Times, London 1997.
  • Bertrandy – Rémy 2000 G. Bertrandy – B. Rémy, Legio XII Fulminata, in: Y. L. Bohec (ed.), Les Légions de Rome sous le Haut-Empire, Lyon 2000, 253–257.
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  • Keppie 1986 L. J. F. Keppie, Legions in the East from Augustus to Trajan, in Legions, in: P. Freeman – D. Kenned (ed.), The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East II. Proceedings of a Colloquium Held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986, (BAR Intern. Ser. 297), Oxford 1986, 411–429.
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  • Le Bohec 2006 Y. Le Bohec, L’armée romaine sous le Bas-Empire, Paris 2006.
  • Leschhorn 1993 W. Leschhorn, Antike Ären. Zeitrechnung, Politik und Geschichte im Schwarz¬meerraum und in Kleinasien nördlich des Tauros, Stuttgart 1993.
  • Mann 1983 J. C. Mann, Legionary Recruitment and Veteran Settlement During the Principate, London 1983.
  • Marek 2010 C. Marek, Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike, Munich 2010.
  • Metcalf 1996 W. E. Metcalf, The Silver Coinage of Cappadocia: Vespasian–Commodus, New York 1996.
  • Mason 1974 J. H. Mason, Greek Terms for Roman Instutions, Toronto 1974.
  • Mitchell 1993 S. Mitchell, Anatolia: Land, Men and Gods in Asia Minor, vol. 1: The Celts in Anatolia and the Impact of Roman Rule, Oxford 1993.
  • Mitford 1074 T. B. Mitford, Some Inscriptions from the Cappadocian Limes, JRS 64, 1974, 160–175.
  • Mitford 1977 T. B. Mitford, Euphrates Frontier in Cappadocia, in: D. Haupt – H. Horn (ed.), Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms II.: Vorträge des 10. Internationalen Limeskongress in den Germania Inferior, Bonn 1977, 501–514.
  • Not. Dig. O. Seeck (ed.), Notitia dignitatum: accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi provinciarum, Berlin 1876.
  • Onur 2014 F. Onur, Monumentum Pergense. Anastisios’un Ordu Fermanı, Istanbul 2014.
  • Onur 2017 F. Onur, The Anastasian Military Decree from Perge in Pamphylia: Revised 2nd Edition, Gephyra 14, 2017, 133–212.
  • Öztürk – Pilevneli 2016 H. S. Öztürk – C. Pilevneli, Halûk Perk Müzesi’nden Lucius Artorius Marcianus’un Zeus Keraunios’a Adağı, Adalya 16, 2013, 107–115.
  • Rémy 1986 B. Rémy, L’Évolution administrative de l’Anatolie aux trois premiers siècles de notre ère (Collection du Centre d’Études Romaines et Gallo-Romaines, 5), Lyon 1986.
  • Rizakis 2001 A. D. Rizakis, La constitution des élites municipales dans les colonies romaines de la province d'Achaïe, in : O. Salomies (ed.), The Greek East in the Roman Context. Proceedings of a Colloquium organised by the Finnish Institute at Athens, May 21 and 22 1999, Helsinki 2001, 37–49.
  • Roth 2016 J. P. Roth, Josephus as a Military Historian, in: H. H. Chapman – Z. Rodgers (ed.), A Companion to Josephus, Malden – Oxford 2016, 199–209.
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There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burak Takmer

Ferit Baz

Publication Date December 31, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3

Cite

APA Takmer, B., & Baz, F. (2017). The Gravestone of C. Iulius, optio of the Legio XII Fulminata. PHILIA, 3, 176-187.
AMA Takmer B, Baz F. The Gravestone of C. Iulius, optio of the Legio XII Fulminata. PHILIA. December 2017;3:176-187.
Chicago Takmer, Burak, and Ferit Baz. “The Gravestone of C. Iulius, Optio of the Legio XII Fulminata”. PHILIA 3, December (December 2017): 176-87.
EndNote Takmer B, Baz F (December 1, 2017) The Gravestone of C. Iulius, optio of the Legio XII Fulminata. PHILIA 3 176–187.
IEEE B. Takmer and F. Baz, “The Gravestone of C. Iulius, optio of the Legio XII Fulminata”, PHILIA, vol. 3, pp. 176–187, 2017.
ISNAD Takmer, Burak - Baz, Ferit. “The Gravestone of C. Iulius, Optio of the Legio XII Fulminata”. PHILIA 3 (December 2017), 176-187.
JAMA Takmer B, Baz F. The Gravestone of C. Iulius, optio of the Legio XII Fulminata. PHILIA. 2017;3:176–187.
MLA Takmer, Burak and Ferit Baz. “The Gravestone of C. Iulius, Optio of the Legio XII Fulminata”. PHILIA, vol. 3, 2017, pp. 176-87.
Vancouver Takmer B, Baz F. The Gravestone of C. Iulius, optio of the Legio XII Fulminata. PHILIA. 2017;3:176-87.