Role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Prosthetic Joint Infections

Abstract

Prosthetic joint infections are difficult infections to manage due to their treatment costs, morbidity, and sometimes even mortality. Although the causative agents of these infections are often gram-positive bacteria, sometimes very different agents can be detected in patients with risk factors such as underlying immunosuppression. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the rare agents found in prosthetic joint infections. Despite its rarity, this infectious agent, which is difficult to treat and requires combined treatment, may result in difficulties in the management of these cases by orthopedists. In this review study, we performed a literature review to describe the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes of prosthetic joint infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Keywords

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• protez eklem enfeksiyonları
• tüberküloz
• prosthetic joint infection
• tuberculosis

Protez Eklem Enfeksiyonlarında Mycobacterium tuberculosis'in Yeri

Abstract

Protez eklem enfeksiyonları, tedavi maliyetleri, morbiditeleri ve hatta bazen mortaliteye neden olmaları nedeniyle yönetilmesi zor enfeksiyonlardır. Bu enfeksiyonlarda etkenler sıklıkla gram pozitif bakteriler olsa da altta yatan immunsüpresyon gibi risk faktörleri olan kişilerde bazen çok farklı etkenler de tespit edilebilmektedir. Mycobacterium tuberculosis protez eklem enfeksiyonlarında nadir saptanan etkenlerden biridir. Nadir saptanmasına rağmen tedavisi zor ve kombine tedavi gerektiren bu enfeksiyon etkeni, ortopedistlerin bu olguları yönetmesinde zorlukla sonuçlanabilir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, Mycobacterium tuberculosis’a bağlı protez eklem enfeksiyonlarının tanı, tedavi ve klinik sonuçlarını tanımlamak amacıyla bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirdik.

Keywords

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• protez eklem enfeksiyonları
• tüberküloz
• prosthetic joint infection
• tuberculosis

References

1. Fitzgerald DW, Streling TR, Hass DW. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th Edition, Elsevier 2019;2985-3021.
2. Tiemersma EW, van der Werf MJ, Borgdorff MW, Williams BG, Nagelkerke NJ. Natural history of tuberculosis: duration and fatality of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV negative patients: a systematic review. PloS one 2011;6.4;e17601.
3. Tuberculosis data [website]. Geneva World Health Organization. 2022. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2022/tb-disease-burden/2-1-tb-incidence. Accessed January 1, 2023.
4. Agashe VM, Johari AN, Shah M, Anjum R, Romano C, Drago L, et al. Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis: Perceptions, protocols, practices, and priorities in the endemic and non-endemic areas of the world-A WAIOT view. Microorganisms 2020;8(9);1312.
5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Tüberküloz Dairesi Başkanlığı. Yıllara göre toplam tüberküloz olgu hızı ve tüberküloz insidansı. Erişim: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/tuberkuloz_db/dosya/Istatistikler/Yeni/2-Yllara_Gore_Toplam_TB_Olgu_Hz_ve_TB_Insidans_2005-2018.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2023).
6. Binici İ, Çelik M, Altındağ D, Baran Aİ, Parlak M, Alp HH, et al. Erişkin akciğer dışı tüberküloz olgularının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi;15.Özel Sayı;224-232.
7. Ketata W, Rekik WK, Ayadi H, Kammoun S. Les tuberculoses extrapulmonaires. Rev Pneumol Clin 2015;71(2-3);83-92.
8. Hasbek E, Dindar Demiray EK, Alkan Çeviker S, Metineren MH. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis with recurrent multiple lymphadenopathy in a pediatric patient. D J Med Sci. 2021;7(1);48-51.

9. Kuyubasi SN, Inal S, Uzumcugil AO, Ceviker SA, Ari B. Brucella prosthetic ınfection in a patient with total knee prosthesis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2022;32(08);1076-1079.
10. Khater FJ, Samnani IQ, Mehta JB, Moorman JP, Myers JW. Prosthetic joint infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an unusual case report with literature review. South Med J 2007;100(1);66-69.
11. Lusk RH, Wienke EC, Milligan TW, Albus TE. Tuberculous and foreign-body granulomatous reactions involving a total knee prosthesis. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38(9);1325-7.
12. Uhel F, Corvaisier G, Poinsignon Y, Chirouze C, Beraud G, Grossi O, et al. Groupe d’Epidémiologie et Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique Centre-Ouest (GERICCO). Mycobacterium tuberculosis prosthetic joint infections: A case series and literature review. J Infect 2019;78(1);27-34.
13. Berbari EF, Hanssen AD, Duffy MC, Steckelberg JM, Osmon DR. Prosthetic joint infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A case series and review of the literature. Am J Orthop 1998;27(3);219-227.
14. Santoso A, Phatama KY, Rhatomy S, Budhiparama NC. Prosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee due to Mycobacterium species: A systematic review. World J Orthop 2022;13(5);503-514.
15. Tande AJ, Patel R. Prosthetic joint infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014;27;302–435.
16. Santoso A, Park KS, Shin YR, Yang HY, Choi IS, Yoon TR. Two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection of the hip: Culture-negative versus culture-positive infection. J Orthop 2018;15;391–395.
17. Aggarwal VK, Rasouli MR, Parvizi J. Periprosthetic joint infection: Current concept. Indian J Orthop 2013;47;10–7.
18. Jitmuang A, Yuenyongviwat V, Charoencholvanich K, Chayakulkeeree M. Rapidly-growing mycobacterial infection: a recognized cause of early-onset prosthetic joint infection. BMC Infect Dis 2017;17;802.
19. Elzein FE, Haris M, Alolayan SS, Al Sherbini N. Total knee prosthesis infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BMJ Case Rep 2017;bcr2017220596.
20. Osmon DR, Berbari EF, Berendt AR, Lew D, Zimmerli W, Steckelberg JM, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Executive summary: diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2013;56;1–10.