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Nature or Nurture? Factors Influencing Newborn Weight

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 70 - 73, 21.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.38175/phnx.1646060

Abstract

Objective: A pattern is emerging leading to a rise in birth weights and instances of macrosomia in numerous countries globally. Our study’s objective is to contrast the average birth weights between 2016 and 2020. We aim to explore whether there exists a tendency toward increased mean birth weight and higher rates of macrosomia. Additionally, we seek to assess how neonatal gender, birth method, maternal age, and birth season impact newborn weight.
Material and Method: Retrospective analysis encompassed data from a combined 1,348 newborns in 2016 (n: 692) and 2020 (n=656), all born within the 37-40 weeks gestational range. A statistical analysis was conducted on data related to the birth weight of newborns, their gender, gestational duration, the age of the mothers, method of delivery, and the time of year they were born.
Results: The research findings indicated a significant increase in the occurrence of macrosomia (defined as birth weight ≥4000 g), rising from 4.8% in 2016 to 8.2% in 2020. In both years, there is a modest positive correlation between the age of the mother and the weight of the newborns. In 2020, a significant disparity in birth weight was noticed between infants delivered via cesarean section and those delivered through the natural birthing process. The study indicated that the season of birth did not have any impact on birth weight.
Conclusion: Macrosomia rates experienced an upsurge in 2016. Maternal age, gender of the newborn, and gestational age were examined as distinct risk factors contributing to macrosomia. The study noted that both maternal age and neonatal gender influenced newborn weight, whereas birth seasons had no impact on neonatal weight.

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References

  • Lin J, Wang C, Li S, Zhang J, Jin L, Tong M, et al. Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Newborn Birth Weights. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:844404. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.844404.
  • Flaherman VJ, Robinson A, Creasman J, McCulloch CE, Paul IM, Pletcher MJ. Clinical Decision Support for Newborn Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hosp Pediatr. 2022;12(6):e180-e184. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2021-006470.
  • Paredes-Díaz SE, Neglia-Cermeño CS, Vidal-Cabrera E del P, Lescano-Pereda LG, Meneses-La-Riva ME, Barrera MJ. Eating Habits, Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women and Weight of Newborns, La Libertad - Peru. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2023;12:126-136.
  • Feng N, Huang XK. Effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on perinatal outcomes. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2021;14:2180-2188.
  • Xu MY, Guo YJ, Zhang LJ, Lu QB. Effect of individualized weight management intervention on excessive gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ. 2022;10:e13067. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13067.
  • Hasan SMT, Khan MA, Ahmed T. Institute of Medicine Recommendations on the Rate of Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes in Rural Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12):6519. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126519.
  • Chen CN, Chen HS, Hsu HC. Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Taiwan: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1221. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041221.
  • Shay LA, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Aagaard KM, Mastrobattista J. 682 Everything in moderation: impact of extremes of BMI & gestational weight gain on perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224:Suplement428.
  • Gonzalez-Ballano I, Saviron-Cornudella R, Esteban LM, Sanz G, Castán S. Pregestational body mass index, trimester-specific weight gain and total gestational weight gain: how do they influence perinatal outcomes?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34:1207-1214. doi:10.1080/14767058.2019.1628942
  • Koech WA, Lilly CL. Association of county perinatal resources and gestational weight gain in West Virginia, United States. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:497. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2650-7
  • Senbanjo OC, Akinlusi FM, Ottun TA. Early pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and perinatal outcome in an obstetric population in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;39:136. doi:10.11604/pamj.2021.39.136.25926

Doğa mı, Yetiştirme mi? Yenidoğan Kilosunu Etkileyen Faktörler

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 70 - 73, 21.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.38175/phnx.1646060

Abstract

Amaç: Dünya genelinde birçok ülkede doğum ağırlıklarının yükselmesi ve makrosomi vakalarının artışına işaret eden bir eğilim ortaya çıkıyor. Çalışmamızın amacı, 2016 ile 2020 arasındaki ortalama doğum ağırlıklarını karşılaştırmaktır. Ortalama doğum ağırlığında artış eğilimi ve makrosomi oranlarında artış olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçlıyoruz. Ayrıca, yenidoğan cinsiyeti, doğum yöntemi, anne yaşı ve doğum mevsiminin, yenidoğan ağırlığına nasıl etki ettiğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlıyoruz.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Geriye dönük analiz, 2016 (n: 692) ve 2020 (n=656) yıllarında doğan toplam 1.348 yenidoğanın verilerini içeriyordu. Tüm yenidoğanlar, 37-40 hafta gebelik aralığında doğmuşlardır. Yenidoğanların doğum ağırlığı, cinsiyeti, gebelik süresi, anne yaşı, doğum yöntemi ve doğum mevsimiyle ilgili istatistiksel bir değerlendirme yapıldı..
Bulgular: Çalışma, makrosomi (doğum ağırlığı ≥4000 g) vakalarında belirgin bir artış ortaya koydu; bu oran 2016’da %4.8’den 2020’de %8.2’ye yükseldi. Her iki yılda da, anne yaşı ile yenidoğan ağırlığı arasında hafif bir pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. 2020’de, sezaryen ile doğan bebekler ile normal doğum yapan bebekler arasında doğum ağırlığında dikkate değer bir artış gözlendi. Çalışma, doğum mevsiminin doğum ağırlığı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi olmadığını gösterdi
Sonuç: Makrosomi oranları 2020 yılında bir yükseliş yaşadı. Çalışma, hem anne yaşının hem de yenidoğan cinsiyetinin yenidoğan ağırlığını etkilediğini, ancak doğum mevsiminin yenidoğan ağırlığı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığını belirtti. Anne yaşı, yenidoğanın cinsiyeti ve gebelik yaşı, makrosominin katkı sağlayan ayrı risk faktörleri olarak incelendi.

References

  • Lin J, Wang C, Li S, Zhang J, Jin L, Tong M, et al. Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Newborn Birth Weights. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:844404. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.844404.
  • Flaherman VJ, Robinson A, Creasman J, McCulloch CE, Paul IM, Pletcher MJ. Clinical Decision Support for Newborn Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hosp Pediatr. 2022;12(6):e180-e184. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2021-006470.
  • Paredes-Díaz SE, Neglia-Cermeño CS, Vidal-Cabrera E del P, Lescano-Pereda LG, Meneses-La-Riva ME, Barrera MJ. Eating Habits, Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women and Weight of Newborns, La Libertad - Peru. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2023;12:126-136.
  • Feng N, Huang XK. Effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on perinatal outcomes. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2021;14:2180-2188.
  • Xu MY, Guo YJ, Zhang LJ, Lu QB. Effect of individualized weight management intervention on excessive gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ. 2022;10:e13067. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13067.
  • Hasan SMT, Khan MA, Ahmed T. Institute of Medicine Recommendations on the Rate of Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes in Rural Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12):6519. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126519.
  • Chen CN, Chen HS, Hsu HC. Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Taiwan: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1221. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041221.
  • Shay LA, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Aagaard KM, Mastrobattista J. 682 Everything in moderation: impact of extremes of BMI & gestational weight gain on perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224:Suplement428.
  • Gonzalez-Ballano I, Saviron-Cornudella R, Esteban LM, Sanz G, Castán S. Pregestational body mass index, trimester-specific weight gain and total gestational weight gain: how do they influence perinatal outcomes?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34:1207-1214. doi:10.1080/14767058.2019.1628942
  • Koech WA, Lilly CL. Association of county perinatal resources and gestational weight gain in West Virginia, United States. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:497. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2650-7
  • Senbanjo OC, Akinlusi FM, Ottun TA. Early pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and perinatal outcome in an obstetric population in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;39:136. doi:10.11604/pamj.2021.39.136.25926
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kamuran Suman 0000-0003-1814-7513

Ebru Gök 0000-0001-7655-2301

Nihal Durmaz 0000-0002-3079-1769

Murat Suman 0000-0002-7078-9970

Early Pub Date July 17, 2025
Publication Date July 21, 2025
Submission Date February 24, 2025
Acceptance Date April 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Suman K, Gök E, Durmaz N, Suman M. Nature or Nurture? Factors Influencing Newborn Weight. Phnx Med J. 2025;7(2):70-3.

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