Mimarlıkta Yeni Gerçekçilik: Kuram ve Pratik Arasında

Abstract

Bu çalışma, yirmi birinci yüzyılın insan-merkezli tasarım paradigmalarını sarsan çok boyutlu krizleri ve buna bağlı ontolojik tartışmaları bağlamında yeni-gerçekçi olarak nitelenebilecek mimari düşünsel yaklaşımların izlerini sürmektedir. Simgesel yaklaşımların ötesine geçen ve nesnelerin maddi özerkliğine vurgu yapan, Harman, DeLanda ve Barad gibi düşünürlerin fikirleri ile örtüşen mimari yaklaşımlar bu bağlamda tasarım metodolojisi bağlamında incelenir. “Araç-oluş”, “iç-etkileşim” ve “bileşim” gibi kavramlar aracılığıyla, mimari nesnenin işlevselliği ve biçimselliğinin ötesinde çok katmanlı, dirençli ve etkin varlık alanları tanımlanır. Çalışma, mimarlığı insan deneyiminin ötesine geçen gerçekçi bir altyapı ile nesne-yönelimli aktörlerin arasında konumlanan bir ontolojik oluş olarak konumlandırır. Bu bağlamda çerçeveyi tanımladığı düşünülen Takaharu Tezuka, Sami Rintala ve Alejandro Aravena gibi mimarların son dönem yaklaşımları irdelenir. Sonuç olarak yeni gerçekçi mimarlığın; tasarım süreçlerini felsefi ve yöntemsel olarak yeniden tartışan ve doğa ile etkileşimli varlığını önceleyen bir tasarım metodu olarak kuramsal çerçevesi oluşturulmaktadır.

Keywords

• Mimarlık Teorisi
• Yeni Gerçekçilik
• Yeni Materyalizm
• Graham Harman
• Manuel DeLanda
• Karen Barad

New Realism in Architecture: Between Theory and Praxis

Abstract

This study traces architectural thought that can be characterized as new realistic approaches within the context of multi-dimensional crises that have shaken the epistemological and subject-centered design paradigms and focusing on the associated ontological debates. Architectural approaches that move beyond symbolic interpretations and emphasize the material autonomy of objects, aligning with the ideas of theoreticians like Graham Harman, Manuel DeLanda, and Karen Barad, are examined through the lens of design methodology. Through concepts such as tool-being, intra-action, and assemblage, the study defines multi-layered, resilient, and agentic ontological realms of objects of architecture that go beyond functionality and formalism. Architecture is thus positioned as an ontological becoming situated between object actors, grounded in a realist infrastructure that transcends human experience. In this context, the recent works of architects like Takaharu Tezuka, Sami Rintala, and Alejandro Aravena, who are considered to articulate this framework, are analyzed. As a result, the theoretical framework of new realism in architecture is constructed as a design methodology that reconsiders design processes in-between philosophy and design methodology, and prioritizes being-in-interaction with nature.

Keywords

• Architectural Theory
• New Realism
• New Materialism
• Graham Harman
• Manuel DeLanda
• Karen Barad

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