Comparison of Building Energy Performance Policies in the European Union and Türkiye in the Context of Climate Risk Management

Abstract

Due to its significant contribution to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, the building sector plays an important role in reducing carbon footprints, supporting climate adaptation, and strengthening risk management. This study compares building energy performance policies in the European Union (EU) and Türkiye from the perspective of climate risk management. The analysis focuses on the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), which has developed from the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) approach toward the zero-emission building (ZEB) target, and on Türkiye’s Regulation on Energy Performance in Buildings (BEPY), including the nearly zero-energy building (nSEB) approach, the BEP-TR calculation system, and the Energy Identity Certificate (EKB). In the document analysis, five EU documents and four Turkish documents from the 2010–2024 period were evaluated in terms of design, implementation, and management/supervision dimensions. The findings show that the two approaches share common goals in reducing energy demand, increasing energy efficiency, and supporting the use of renewable energy. While policy tools do not eliminate climate hazards, they can contribute to reducing vulnerability and improving adaptation capacity through building envelope performance, passive design, and performance monitoring. While the EU approach integrates building renovation, life-cycle assessment, data infrastructure, and quality assurance into its objectives, in Türkiye, calculation, classification, and certification processes take center stage. The findings demonstrate the potential of policies to support climate risk management, rather than a measured reduction in risk. Consequently, it is recommended that use-phase data, overheating, user comfort, and performance verification processes be integrated with energy performance systems.

Keywords

• Climate change
• building energy performance
• zero-emission buildings
• risk management in architecture
• Turkey
• European Union

İklim Riski Yönetimi Bağlamında Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Bina Enerji Performansı Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Küresel enerji tüketimi ve sera gazı emisyonlarındaki rolü nedeniyle bina sektörü, karbon ayak izinin azaltılması, iklim uyumu ve risk yönetimi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve Türkiye’deki bina enerji performansı politikalarını iklim riski yönetimi bağlamında karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmektedir. AB’de Binalarda Enerji Performansı Direktifi (EPBD) kapsamında neredeyse sıfır enerjili binadan (nZEB) sıfır emisyonlu bina (ZEB) hedefine gelişen çerçeve ile Türkiye’de Binalarda Enerji Performansı Yönetmeliği (BEPY) kapsamında tanımlanan neredeyse sıfır enerjili bina (nSEB), BEP-TR hesaplama sistemi ve Enerji Kimlik Belgesi (EKB) incelenmiştir. Doküman analizinde, 2010–2024 dönemine ait AB’den beş, Türkiye’den dört belge tasarım, uygulama ve yönetim/denetim boyutlarında değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, iki yaklaşımın enerji talebini azaltma, enerji verimliliğini artırma ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanımını destekleme hedeflerinde ortaklaştığını göstermektedir. Politika araçları iklim tehlikelerini ortadan kaldırmamakla birlikte, yapı kabuğu performansı, pasif tasarım ve performans izleme yoluyla savunmasızlığın azaltılmasına ve uyum kapasitesinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilmektedir. AB yaklaşımı hedefleri bina yenileme, yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi, veri altyapısı ve kalite güvencesiyle bütünleştirirken, Türkiye’de hesaplama, sınıflandırma ve belgelendirme süreçleri öne çıkmaktadır. Bulgular ölçülmüş risk azalmasını değil, politikaların iklim riski yönetimini destekleme potansiyelini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak kullanım aşaması verileri, aşırı ısınma, kullanıcı konforu ve performans doğrulama süreçlerinin enerji performansı sistemleriyle bütünleştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• İklim değişikliği
• bina enerji performansı
• sıfır emisyonlu binalar
• mimarlıkta risk yönetimi
• Türkiye
• Avrupa Birliği

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