Uçak Kablolamasında Kullanılan Kalkan Sonlandırma Yaklaşımlarının Yıldırımın Dolaylı Etkilerine Karşı Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, , 1709 - 1719, 02.10.2024

Emre Atalay , Ahmet Turgut Tuncer

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1300561

Abstract

Yıldırım yüksek akım ve yüksek voltajın ani olarak boşaldığı bir doğa olayıdır. Bu doğa olayı bulutlar arasında, bulut içinde ya da bulut ile yeryüzü arasında olacak şekilde meydana gelebilmektedir. Hava araçlarına da yıldırım çarpma riski vardır. Günümüzde yıldırım çarpmasını önleyici bir sistem mevcut değildir bunun için yıldırımın etkileri azaltılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Uçaklarda kullanılan metalik malzemeler Faraday kafesi etkisi göstererek yıldırımdan kaynaklanan elektromanyetik alanların uçak içerisine girişine izin vermemektedir fakat günümüzde daha sık kullanılmaya başlayan kompozit yapılar bu konuda metallere kıyasla daha kötü performans göstermektedir. Ayrıca uçak üzerinde bulunan pencere, kapı gibi süreksizlikler Faraday kafesi üzerinde boşluklar yaratmakta ve elektromanyetik alanların uçak içerisine girişine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu sebeple uçak üzerinde kullanılan ekipmanların yıldırımın dolaylı etkilerine karşı kalifiye olması gerekmektedir. Ekipmanları yıldırımın dolaylı etkilerine karşı korumada en sık tercih edilen metot kabloların kalkanlanmasıdır. Kalkanın koruma etkisini ve sonlandırma metotlarının bu korumaya katkısını anlamak oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, yıldırımın dolaylı etkisine karşı çeşitli ekranlama sonlandırma teknikleri incelenmiş ve 360˚ arka kabuk sonlandırma tekniğinin kullanılmasının yaklaşık 3 dB koruma sağlayarak oldukça etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlar benzetim sonuçları ve önceki çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılmış ve elde edilen sonuçların birbiri ile tutarlı olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Yıldırım, yıldırımın dolaylı etkisi, kalkanlama, kalkanlama sonlandırma, uçak

Assessing the Shield Termination Approaches in Aircraft Wiring to Against the Lightning Indirect Effects

Abstract

Lightning is a natural phenomenon where high voltages and currents suddenly discharge. It can be caused by clouds themselves, clouds between them, or clouds near the earth. Aircraft are also at risk of being struck by lightning and there is currently no way to prevent this from happening. Instead, efforts are being made to protect by reducing the effects of lightning. Metal structures in aircraft form a Faraday cage which helps in preventing lightning currents from entering the aircraft. However, composite structures, which are becoming more prevalent in the aviation sector, are less efficient in doing so compared to metals. Additionally, openings such as windows in the aircraft can break the Faraday cage and allow strong electromagnetic fields to penetrate. Hence, all equipment used on board the aircraft must be adequately qualified and lightning-proof. The most popular technique used to reduce the indirect effects of lightning on electronics is cable shielding. In this study, various shielding termination techniques for their effectiveness against indirect effect of lightning examined and It is found that utilizing a 360˚ backshell termination technique provided to be highly effective, providing protection of nearly 3 dB. The results obtained from the experiments are compared with simulation results and previous studies and it has been observed that the obtained results are consistent with each other.

Keywords

Lightning, indirect effect of lightning, shielding, shielding termination, aircraft

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