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Türkiye'deki Ocaklardan Alınan Doğal Kil Mineral Örneklerinde Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, , 1691 - 1696, 01.12.2023

Aybaba Hançerlioğulları , Şeref Turhan , Arif Baştuğ , Yosef G. Ali Madee

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1356125

Abstract

Ciddi çevre sorunları haline gelen ağır metaller (HM'ler), genellikle maden kaynaklarının geliştirilmesi de dahil olmak üzere insan faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Sepiyolit, hidratlanmış magnezyum silikat içeren bir kil mineralidir ve inşaat, tarım, gıda, gübre, ilaç, deterjan, kozmetik, boya, kağıt vb. alanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, üç ocaktan toplanan sepiolit numunelerindeki bazı HM'lerin konsantrasyonları incelenmiştir. Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu Bölgesi'nde bulunan (Polatlı, Beylikova ve Sivrihisar) enerji dağılımlı X-ışını floresans spektroskopisi kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve ayrıca HM'ler için zenginleştirme faktörü (EF) hesaplanmıştır. Sepiyolit numunelerinde analiz edilen Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, Cd, Sn ve Pb ortalama konsantrasyonları 361, 42, 16, 65, 3832, 9, Sırasıyla 24, 8, 12, 5, 25, 4, 7 ve 5 mg/kg. V, Co, Ni, Pb, As, Cd ve Sn'nin ortalama EF değerleri, sepiolit numunelerinde önemli ila aşırı yüksek zenginleşmeyi göstermektedir.

Keywords

Sepiyolit Ağır metaller Zenginleştirme Faktörü EDXRF Türkiye

References

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  • [2] Tyagi N.,Upadhyay, M.K., Majumdar A.,S. Pathak, K, Giri, B., Jaiswal, M.K., Srivastava, S,“An assessment of various potentially toxic elements and associated health risks in agricultural soil along the middle Gangetic basin India”,Chemosphere,300, 1 (2022).
  • [3] Kolawole, T.O., Oyelami, C.A., Olajide-Kayode, J.O., Jimoh, M.T., Fomba, K.W.,Anifowose,A.J., Akinde, -S.B.,“Contamination, ecological and health risk assessments of potentially toxic elements in soil around a municipal solid waste disposal facility in Southwestern Nigeria”,JournalofTraceElementsandMinerals,5,(2023).
  • [4] Rinklebe,J.,Antoniadis,V.,Shaheen,S.M.,Rosche,O.,.Altermann, M,“Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils along the Central Elbe River, Germany”,Environ. Int.,126, 76 (2019).
  • [5] Liu,P.,Zhang,Y.,Feng,N.,Zhu,M.,Tian,J.,“Potentially toxic element (PTE) levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water and health risks through maize consumption in northern Ningxia, China”BMC Public Health,20(1729), (2020).
  • [6] Pham,N.T.H.,Babcsányi,I.,Balling,P.A,“Farsang,Ecological risk and enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the soil and eroded sediment in an organic vineyard (Tokaj Nagy Hill, Hungary”,J. Soils Sediments,22, 2671 (2022).
  • [7] Belanović, S.S., Miljković, P., Baumgertel, A.,S. Lukić, A., Ljubičić, J., Čakmak, D,“Toxic Element Contamination in Soils Affected by the Antimony Mine Spill in Northwest China”,Land,12(421), 1 (2023).
  • [8] Agbasi, J.C,Chukwu, C.N., Nweke,N.D., Uwajingba, H.C., Khan, M.Y.A.,Egbueri, J.C.,Ground,WR.“Water pollution indexing and health risk assessment due to PTE ingestion and dermal absorption for nine human populations in Southeast Nigeria” Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 21, 1 (2023).
  • [9] Marín, J., Colina, M., Ledo, H. ,Gardiner,.P.H.E. “Ecological risk by potentially toxic elements in surface sediments of the Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela)”,Environ. Eng. Res ,27(4), 1 (2022).
  • [10] Niede, R., Benbi, D.K.,”Integrated review of the nexus between toxic elements in the environment and human health”,AIMS Public Health 9(4), 758 (2022).
  • [11] Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B.,Beeregowda, K.N,“Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals”, Interdiscip. Toxico,7(2), 60 (2014).
  • [12] Golia, E.E.,Papadimou, S.G,Cavalaris, Tsiropoulos, N.G.,”Level of Contamination Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Urban Soils of Volos City (Central Greece)”Sustainability, 1 (2021).
  • [13] Haddaway, N.R.,Cooke,S.J., Lesser. P., Lesser, P,Macura, B,Nilsson, . A.E., Taylor, J.J.,”Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social–ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map protocol,Raito, Environ. Evid., 8(9), 1 (2019).
  • [14] Kurnaz,A,Turhan,Ş., Metin,O, Altıkulaç,A., Duran,C,-“Evaluation of terrestrial radionuclide levels and concomitant radiological risks of bentonites used in many industriesInt. J. Environ. Health Res. ,(2022).
  • [15] Wang, Z., Liao, L., Hursthouse, A.,N.Song, B,”Sepiolite-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Potentially Toxic Elements from Water: A Strategic Review for the Case of Environmental Contamination in Hunan, China”,Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15(8),1 (2018).
  • [16] He,Z,Ren,B.,Hursthouse,A.,Wang,Z.,”EfficientRemoval of Cd(II) Using SiO2-Mg(OH)2 Nanocomposites Derived from Sepiolite”, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Healt, 17(7), 1 (2020).
  • [17] Álvarez,A.,Santarén,J.,EstebanCubillo,A.,Aparicio,P.,“Current Industrial Applications of Palygorskite and Sepiolite,” In book -2011, 281-298, (2011).
  • [18] Doğan M., Turhan,Y., Alkan,M., Namli,H., Turan,P Demirbaş,Ö.,”Functionalized sepiolite for heavy metal ions adsorption” Desalination ,230 ,1–3, 248 (2008).
  • [19] Donat ,R.,”The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions onto natural sepiolite” J. Chem. Thermodyn.,41(7), 829 (2009).
  • [20] Işık,I.,Uz,V.Austin,G.S.,C.E.Işık “Characterization and utilization of nodular sepiolite (meerschaum) from Eskisehir (Turkey)”,Appl. Clay Sci., 49(1–2), 29 (2010).
  • [21] Kadir,S.,Erkoyun,H.,Eren,M.,Huggett,J.,Önalgil, N.,“Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis of Sepiolite and Palygorskite in Neogene Lacustrine Sediments Eskīşehīr Province, West Central Anatolia, Turkey”, Clays Clay Miner.64(2), 145-166 (2016).
  • [22] Suárez,M.,García,R,J.,GarcíaR,E.,Jara,N.,”Mineralogical characterisation and surface properties of sepiolite from Polatli (Turkey),”Appl. Clay Sci.,131,124 (2016).
  • [23] Sevgi,K, Mehtap D.P,Munevver,A.,”The use of Phanerochaete chrysosporium for modification of bentonite for preconcentration and determination of heavy metals”, Journal of Analytical Science and Technology ,12, (1), (2021).
  • [24] Hançerlioğullari,A.,Madee,Y.G.A,Kurnaz,A,Turhan,Ş.”Radiometric properties of sepiolite minerals from quarries in Central Anatolia of Turkey” Nucl. Technol. Radiat. Prot.,34(2), 149 (2019).
  • [25] Bashir,S.,Ali,U.,Shaaban,M.,Gulshan,A.B.,Iqbal,J, Khan,S.,Husain,A.,Ahmed,N.,Mehmood,S., Kamran,M., Hu,H.,“Role of sepiolite for cadmium (Cd) polluted soil restoration and spinach growth in wastewater irrigated agricultural soil”J. Environ. Manage., 258, 110020 (2020).
  • [26] He,H.;Zhang,X.;Yang,C.;Zeng,G.;Li,H.;Chen,Y.Treatment of Organic Wastewater Containing High Concentration of Sulfate by Crystallization-Fenton-SBR. J. Environ. Eng., 144, 4018041,(2018).
  • [27] Tekin,B.,Açıkel,U“AdsorptionİsothermsFor Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions (Copper And Nickel) From Aqueous Solutions İn Single And Binary Adsorption Processes”36(2) 495 - 509, Gazi Univ. J. Sci.,36(2), 495 (2023).
  • [28]Wang,Y.,Xu,T.,Song,E.,Wang,Z.,Cheng,H.,Ma,Z.,Bian,Y.,Hu,Y.,Wang,F.,Song,Y.,Gu,C.,Yang,X,Ye,M.,Orori,Kengara,F. and Jiang,X.,“Mercury adsorption and reduction by nonlinear optical material (nlom) dmabr loaded on sepiolite: a mechanism study,Chem. Eng. J., 453,(2023).
  • [29] Turhan Ş.,Garad A. M. K.;Hançerlioğulları A.; Kurnaz A.;Gören E.;Duran C.;Karataşlı M.;Altıkulaç A.,Savacı G.;Aydın A.Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal–fired thermal power plant in Turkey.Environ. Earth Sci. , 79, 134 ,10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1,( 2020).
  • [30] Altıkulaç A.;Turhan Ş.;Kurnaz A.;Gören E.;Duran C.;Hançerlioğulları A.;Uğur F.A.“Assessment of the enrichment of heavy metals in coal and its combustion residues”,ACSOmega,2123921245,10.1021/acsomega.2c02308.(2022).
  • [31] Oyedotun, T.D.T.“X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in the investigation of the composition of earth materials: a review and an overview”Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes ,2(2),148-154,(2018).
  • [32] Qingyu,L.,Zhi,LWomack,A.,Tian,J.,Wang,F.,“Preliminary analysis of pottery from the Dantu site, Shandong, China: Perspectives from petrography and WD-XRF.J. Archaeol. Sci. ,47, 1 (2023).
  • [33] Poh SC, Tahi NM. “The common pitfall of using enrichment factor in assessing soil heavy metal pollution”,Malaysian J Anal Sci. 21(1):52–59, (2017).
  • [34]Bourennane,H.,Douay,F.Sterckeman,T.,Villanneau,E.,Ciesielski,H.,King,D,Baize,D“Mappingofanthropogenic trace elements inputs in agricultural topsoil from Northern France using enrichment factors”, Geoderma, 157(3–4),165 (2010).Yaroshevsky, A“Abundances of chemical elements in the Earth’s crust”,Geochem. Int. 44(1), 48 (2006).

Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey

Year 2023, , 1691 - 1696, 01.12.2023

Aybaba Hançerlioğulları , Şeref Turhan , Arif Baştuğ , Yosef G. Ali Madee

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1356125

Abstract

Environmental pollution of heavy metals is increasingly becoming a problem and has become of great concern due to the adverse effects it is causing around the world. Today, various chemical, biological, and physical pollutants arising as a result of rapidpopulation growth, industrialization, and excessive mining activities have become a major problem that adversely affects people, animals, plants, organisms, and ecosystems all over the world. Sepiolite is a clay mineral containing hydrated magnesium silicate and widely used in construction, agriculture, food, fertilizer, pharmaceutical, detergent, cosmetics, paint, paper, etc. The average concentrations of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sn, Ba and Pb analyzed in sepiolite samples collected from three quarries (Polatlı, Beylikova, and Sivrihisar) located in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey using EDXRF spectroscopy were found as 5456.5, 361.0, 42.0, 15.5, 65.2, 3831.5, 8.6, 23.7, 7.8, 11.8, 5.3, 13.7, 1183.2, 25.3, 3.7, 7.2, 131.9 and 5.3 mg/kg, respectively. The average enrichment factor values of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Cd, Sn, Ba, and Pb indicated minimal to extremely high enrichment in sepiolite. The values of non-carcinogenic risk index and cancer risk estimated to evaluate potentially health risks caused by PTEs in sepiolite samples were within the acceptable limit and the safe range except for the Beylikova quarry.

Keywords

Sepiolite Heavy metals Enrichment Factor EDXRF Türkiye

References

  • [1] AbbaslouH.,Bakhtiari,S.,”Phytoremediation potential of heavy metals by two native pasture plants assisted with AMF and fibrous minerals in contaminated mining regions”,Pollution,3,471-486(2017).
  • [2] Tyagi N.,Upadhyay, M.K., Majumdar A.,S. Pathak, K, Giri, B., Jaiswal, M.K., Srivastava, S,“An assessment of various potentially toxic elements and associated health risks in agricultural soil along the middle Gangetic basin India”,Chemosphere,300, 1 (2022).
  • [3] Kolawole, T.O., Oyelami, C.A., Olajide-Kayode, J.O., Jimoh, M.T., Fomba, K.W.,Anifowose,A.J., Akinde, -S.B.,“Contamination, ecological and health risk assessments of potentially toxic elements in soil around a municipal solid waste disposal facility in Southwestern Nigeria”,JournalofTraceElementsandMinerals,5,(2023).
  • [4] Rinklebe,J.,Antoniadis,V.,Shaheen,S.M.,Rosche,O.,.Altermann, M,“Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils along the Central Elbe River, Germany”,Environ. Int.,126, 76 (2019).
  • [5] Liu,P.,Zhang,Y.,Feng,N.,Zhu,M.,Tian,J.,“Potentially toxic element (PTE) levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water and health risks through maize consumption in northern Ningxia, China”BMC Public Health,20(1729), (2020).
  • [6] Pham,N.T.H.,Babcsányi,I.,Balling,P.A,“Farsang,Ecological risk and enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the soil and eroded sediment in an organic vineyard (Tokaj Nagy Hill, Hungary”,J. Soils Sediments,22, 2671 (2022).
  • [7] Belanović, S.S., Miljković, P., Baumgertel, A.,S. Lukić, A., Ljubičić, J., Čakmak, D,“Toxic Element Contamination in Soils Affected by the Antimony Mine Spill in Northwest China”,Land,12(421), 1 (2023).
  • [8] Agbasi, J.C,Chukwu, C.N., Nweke,N.D., Uwajingba, H.C., Khan, M.Y.A.,Egbueri, J.C.,Ground,WR.“Water pollution indexing and health risk assessment due to PTE ingestion and dermal absorption for nine human populations in Southeast Nigeria” Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 21, 1 (2023).
  • [9] Marín, J., Colina, M., Ledo, H. ,Gardiner,.P.H.E. “Ecological risk by potentially toxic elements in surface sediments of the Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela)”,Environ. Eng. Res ,27(4), 1 (2022).
  • [10] Niede, R., Benbi, D.K.,”Integrated review of the nexus between toxic elements in the environment and human health”,AIMS Public Health 9(4), 758 (2022).
  • [11] Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B.,Beeregowda, K.N,“Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals”, Interdiscip. Toxico,7(2), 60 (2014).
  • [12] Golia, E.E.,Papadimou, S.G,Cavalaris, Tsiropoulos, N.G.,”Level of Contamination Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Urban Soils of Volos City (Central Greece)”Sustainability, 1 (2021).
  • [13] Haddaway, N.R.,Cooke,S.J., Lesser. P., Lesser, P,Macura, B,Nilsson, . A.E., Taylor, J.J.,”Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social–ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map protocol,Raito, Environ. Evid., 8(9), 1 (2019).
  • [14] Kurnaz,A,Turhan,Ş., Metin,O, Altıkulaç,A., Duran,C,-“Evaluation of terrestrial radionuclide levels and concomitant radiological risks of bentonites used in many industriesInt. J. Environ. Health Res. ,(2022).
  • [15] Wang, Z., Liao, L., Hursthouse, A.,N.Song, B,”Sepiolite-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Potentially Toxic Elements from Water: A Strategic Review for the Case of Environmental Contamination in Hunan, China”,Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15(8),1 (2018).
  • [16] He,Z,Ren,B.,Hursthouse,A.,Wang,Z.,”EfficientRemoval of Cd(II) Using SiO2-Mg(OH)2 Nanocomposites Derived from Sepiolite”, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Healt, 17(7), 1 (2020).
  • [17] Álvarez,A.,Santarén,J.,EstebanCubillo,A.,Aparicio,P.,“Current Industrial Applications of Palygorskite and Sepiolite,” In book -2011, 281-298, (2011).
  • [18] Doğan M., Turhan,Y., Alkan,M., Namli,H., Turan,P Demirbaş,Ö.,”Functionalized sepiolite for heavy metal ions adsorption” Desalination ,230 ,1–3, 248 (2008).
  • [19] Donat ,R.,”The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions onto natural sepiolite” J. Chem. Thermodyn.,41(7), 829 (2009).
  • [20] Işık,I.,Uz,V.Austin,G.S.,C.E.Işık “Characterization and utilization of nodular sepiolite (meerschaum) from Eskisehir (Turkey)”,Appl. Clay Sci., 49(1–2), 29 (2010).
  • [21] Kadir,S.,Erkoyun,H.,Eren,M.,Huggett,J.,Önalgil, N.,“Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis of Sepiolite and Palygorskite in Neogene Lacustrine Sediments Eskīşehīr Province, West Central Anatolia, Turkey”, Clays Clay Miner.64(2), 145-166 (2016).
  • [22] Suárez,M.,García,R,J.,GarcíaR,E.,Jara,N.,”Mineralogical characterisation and surface properties of sepiolite from Polatli (Turkey),”Appl. Clay Sci.,131,124 (2016).
  • [23] Sevgi,K, Mehtap D.P,Munevver,A.,”The use of Phanerochaete chrysosporium for modification of bentonite for preconcentration and determination of heavy metals”, Journal of Analytical Science and Technology ,12, (1), (2021).
  • [24] Hançerlioğullari,A.,Madee,Y.G.A,Kurnaz,A,Turhan,Ş.”Radiometric properties of sepiolite minerals from quarries in Central Anatolia of Turkey” Nucl. Technol. Radiat. Prot.,34(2), 149 (2019).
  • [25] Bashir,S.,Ali,U.,Shaaban,M.,Gulshan,A.B.,Iqbal,J, Khan,S.,Husain,A.,Ahmed,N.,Mehmood,S., Kamran,M., Hu,H.,“Role of sepiolite for cadmium (Cd) polluted soil restoration and spinach growth in wastewater irrigated agricultural soil”J. Environ. Manage., 258, 110020 (2020).
  • [26] He,H.;Zhang,X.;Yang,C.;Zeng,G.;Li,H.;Chen,Y.Treatment of Organic Wastewater Containing High Concentration of Sulfate by Crystallization-Fenton-SBR. J. Environ. Eng., 144, 4018041,(2018).
  • [27] Tekin,B.,Açıkel,U“AdsorptionİsothermsFor Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions (Copper And Nickel) From Aqueous Solutions İn Single And Binary Adsorption Processes”36(2) 495 - 509, Gazi Univ. J. Sci.,36(2), 495 (2023).
  • [28]Wang,Y.,Xu,T.,Song,E.,Wang,Z.,Cheng,H.,Ma,Z.,Bian,Y.,Hu,Y.,Wang,F.,Song,Y.,Gu,C.,Yang,X,Ye,M.,Orori,Kengara,F. and Jiang,X.,“Mercury adsorption and reduction by nonlinear optical material (nlom) dmabr loaded on sepiolite: a mechanism study,Chem. Eng. J., 453,(2023).
  • [29] Turhan Ş.,Garad A. M. K.;Hançerlioğulları A.; Kurnaz A.;Gören E.;Duran C.;Karataşlı M.;Altıkulaç A.,Savacı G.;Aydın A.Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal–fired thermal power plant in Turkey.Environ. Earth Sci. , 79, 134 ,10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1,( 2020).
  • [30] Altıkulaç A.;Turhan Ş.;Kurnaz A.;Gören E.;Duran C.;Hançerlioğulları A.;Uğur F.A.“Assessment of the enrichment of heavy metals in coal and its combustion residues”,ACSOmega,2123921245,10.1021/acsomega.2c02308.(2022).
  • [31] Oyedotun, T.D.T.“X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in the investigation of the composition of earth materials: a review and an overview”Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes ,2(2),148-154,(2018).
  • [32] Qingyu,L.,Zhi,LWomack,A.,Tian,J.,Wang,F.,“Preliminary analysis of pottery from the Dantu site, Shandong, China: Perspectives from petrography and WD-XRF.J. Archaeol. Sci. ,47, 1 (2023).
  • [33] Poh SC, Tahi NM. “The common pitfall of using enrichment factor in assessing soil heavy metal pollution”,Malaysian J Anal Sci. 21(1):52–59, (2017).
  • [34]Bourennane,H.,Douay,F.Sterckeman,T.,Villanneau,E.,Ciesielski,H.,King,D,Baize,D“Mappingofanthropogenic trace elements inputs in agricultural topsoil from Northern France using enrichment factors”, Geoderma, 157(3–4),165 (2010).Yaroshevsky, A“Abundances of chemical elements in the Earth’s crust”,Geochem. Int. 44(1), 48 (2006).
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nuclear Applications, Mineralogy- Petrography, Climate Change Processes
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aybaba Hançerlioğulları 0000-0002-9830-4226

Şeref Turhan

Arif Baştuğ 0000-0001-6468-8420

Yosef G. Ali Madee

Early Pub Date December 26, 2023
Publication Date December 1, 2023
Submission Date September 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Hançerlioğulları, A., Turhan, Ş., Baştuğ, A., Madee, Y. G. A. (2023). Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi, 26(4), 1691-1696. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1356125
AMA Hançerlioğulları A, Turhan Ş, Baştuğ A, Madee YGA. Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi. December 2023;26(4):1691-1696. doi:10.2339/politeknik.1356125
Chicago Hançerlioğulları, Aybaba, Şeref Turhan, Arif Baştuğ, and Yosef G. Ali Madee. “Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey”. Politeknik Dergisi 26, no. 4 (December 2023): 1691-96. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1356125.
EndNote Hançerlioğulları A, Turhan Ş, Baştuğ A, Madee YGA (December 1, 2023) Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi 26 4 1691–1696.
IEEE A. Hançerlioğulları, Ş. Turhan, A. Baştuğ, and Y. G. A. Madee, “Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey”, Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1691–1696, 2023, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.1356125.
ISNAD Hançerlioğulları, Aybaba et al. “Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey”. Politeknik Dergisi 26/4 (December 2023), 1691-1696. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1356125.
JAMA Hançerlioğulları A, Turhan Ş, Baştuğ A, Madee YGA. Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi. 2023;26:1691–1696.
MLA Hançerlioğulları, Aybaba et al. “Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey”. Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 4, 2023, pp. 1691-6, doi:10.2339/politeknik.1356125.
Vancouver Hançerlioğulları A, Turhan Ş, Baştuğ A, Madee YGA. Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Natural Clay Mineral Samples From Quarries In Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi. 2023;26(4):1691-6.
 
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