Research Article

Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap

Volume: 29 Number: 4 April 21, 2026
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Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap

Abstract

This study presents a computational investigation on the aerodynamic behavior of a NACA 0012 aerofoil equipped with a 1.5%c height Gurney flap, utilizing various turbulence models in ANSYS Fluent. Five widely recognized turbulence models—Spalart-Allmaras, Standard k-ε, Realizable k-ε, SST k-ω, and Transition SST—were employed to assess their predictive accuracy under identical flow conditions. The primary objective was to determine the most appropriate model to capture the aerodynamic effects caused by the trailing-edge Gurney flap, particularly in terms of lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift-to-drag ratio. A mesh independence study was conducted to ensure numerical reliability, and the results were interpreted considering prior studies that investigated Gurney flap performance on symmetric airfoils. According to results, it is demonstrated that the Transition SST model provides the highest aerodynamic efficiency from 0° to 4° while k-ε Realizable model gives the best of that after 6o until 12o. Among the models investiagted, the k-ε Realizable model exhibited superior consistency in predicting both lift enhancement and flow separation behavior. The findings reveal that the k-ε Realizable model, which yields the highest lift-to-drag ratio (CL/CD) particularly at an angle of attack of α = 8°, is the most suitable turbulence model for CFD-based aerodynamic optimization studies involving passive flow control devices such as Gurney flaps. In this context, this study provides an important perspective on turbulence model selection for low Reynolds number applications.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fundamental and Theoretical Fluid Dynamics, Turbulent Flows

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

January 3, 2026

Publication Date

April 21, 2026

Submission Date

May 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 17, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 4

APA
Çal, G., & Arat, H. (2026). Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap. Politeknik Dergisi, 29(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1699998
AMA
1.Çal G, Arat H. Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap. Politeknik Dergisi. 2026;29(4):1-10. doi:10.2339/politeknik.1699998
Chicago
Çal, Gökhan, and Halit Arat. 2026. “Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap”. Politeknik Dergisi 29 (4): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1699998.
EndNote
Çal G, Arat H (April 1, 2026) Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap. Politeknik Dergisi 29 4 1–10.
IEEE
[1]G. Çal and H. Arat, “Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap”, Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1–10, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.1699998.
ISNAD
Çal, Gökhan - Arat, Halit. “Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap”. Politeknik Dergisi 29/4 (April 1, 2026): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1699998.
JAMA
1.Çal G, Arat H. Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap. Politeknik Dergisi. 2026;29:1–10.
MLA
Çal, Gökhan, and Halit Arat. “Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap”. Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 4, Apr. 2026, pp. 1-10, doi:10.2339/politeknik.1699998.
Vancouver
1.Gökhan Çal, Halit Arat. Numerical Comparison of Turbulence Models For a Naca 0012 Aerofoil With Gurney Flap. Politeknik Dergisi. 2026 Apr. 1;29(4):1-10. doi:10.2339/politeknik.1699998