Investigation of Hardox 400 Steel Exposed to Heat Treatment Processes in WEDM

Year 2019, , 237 - 244, 01.03.2019

Mehmet Altuğ

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.417764

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In
this study, microstructure, mechanical, and conductivity characteristics of
Hardox 400 steel were changed with different heat treatments and effect of such
characteristics on its machinability with Wire Electrical Discharge Machining
(WEDM). Optical microscope examinations were performed to determine various characteristics,
and additionally microhardness and conductivity measurements were conducted
hereof. L18 Taquchi test design was conducted with three levels and four
different parameters to determine the effect of such alterations on its
machinability with WEDM and post-processing Cutting width (kerf), Surface
roughness (Ra), Material removal rate (MRR) values were determined. Micro
changes were ensured successfully by using applied heat treatments. The best kerf value was obtained from sample 6 which
was tempered from 350 °C. The
microstructure of this sample was composed of 
commonly α ferrite and few pearlites. The best Ra value was obtained
from sample 3 which was tempered from 200 °C. The microstructure of this sample was composed of few α ferrite and commonly
pearlites. The best MRR value was obtained from sample 5 which was tempered
from 300 °C. The microstructure of this
sample was composed of  almost equally α
ferrite and pearlites. Additionally the most effective parameters on Ra were
determined as hardox and current. The most effective parameters on kerf and MRR
were determined as time off and hardox.  

Keywords

Hardox steel, heat treatment, microstructure, WEDM, kerf, Ra, MRR

References

• [1] Aqueel S., Mufti N.A., Rakwal D., Bamberg E., "Material Removal Rate, Kerf, and Surface Roughness of Tungsten Carbide Machined with Wire Electrical Discharge Machining", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 20(1): 71-76, (2011).
• [2] Yan M.T., Huang P.H., "Accuracy Improvement of WireEDM by Real-Time Wire Tension Control", Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 44(7–8): 807-814, (2004).
• [3] Hsue A.W.J., Su H.C., "Removal Analysis of WEDM Tapering Process and Its Application to Generation of Precise Conjugate Surface", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149(1-3): 117-123, (2004).
• [4] Rakwal D., Bamberg E., "Slicing, Cleaning and Kerf Analysis of Germanium Wafers Machined by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining", Journal of materials processing technology, 209(8): 3740-3751, (2009).
• [5] Mahapatra S.S., Patnaik A., "Optimization of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters using Taguchi method", International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 34(9-10): 911-925, (2007).
• [6] Jangra K., Jain A., Grover S., "Optimization of multiple-machining characteristics in wire electrical discharge machining of punching die using grey relational analysis", Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 69: 606-612, (2010).
• [7] Hari S., Khanna R., "Parametric optimization of Cryogenic treated D-3 for cutting rate in wire electrical discharge machining", J Eng. Technology, 1:(2) 59–64, (2011).
• [8] Kansal H.K., Singh S., Kumar P., "Parametric optimization of powder mixed electricaldischarge machining by response surface methodology", Journal of Materials ProcessingTechnology, 169(3): 427-436, (2005).
• [9] Gupta P., Khanna R., Gupta R.D., Sharma N., "Effect of process parameters on kerf width in WEDM for HSLA using response surface methodology", Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(1): 1-6, (2012).
• [10] Tosun N., Cogun C., Tosun G., "A study on kerf and materials removal rate in wire electrical discharge machining based on taguchi method", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 152: 316-322, (2004).
• [11] Chaudhary R., Rampal R., Sharma N., "Investigation and Optimization of Material Removal Rate For Wire Cut Electro Discharge Machining In EN5 Steel Using Response Surface Methodology", International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology, 3(1): 192-199, (2013).
• [12] Altuğ M., Erdem M., Ozay C., "Experimental investigation of kerf of Ti6Al4V exposed to different heat treatment processes in WEDM and optimization of parameters using genetic algorithm", International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 78: 1573-1583, (2015).
• [13] Kuriakose S., Shunmugam M.S., "Multi-objective optimization of wire electro-discharge machining process by Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 170: 133-141, (2005).
• [14] Pasam V.K., Battula S.B., Madar V.P., Swapna M., "Optimizing Surface Finish in WEDM Using the Taguchi Parameter Design Method", Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, XXXII(2): 107-113, (2010).
• [15] Ikram A., Mufti N.A., Saleem M.Q., Khan A.R., "Parametric optimization for surface roughness kerf and MRR in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using Taguchi design of experiment", Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27(7): 2133-2141, (2013).
• [16] Jabbaripour B., Sadeghi M.H., Faridvand S.H., Shabgard M. R., "Investigating the effects of edm parameters on surface integrity MRR and TWR in machining of Ti-6Al-4V", Machining Science and Technology, 16: 419-444, (2012).
• [17] Singh J., Sharma S., "Effects of Process Parameters on Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in WEDM of H13 Tool Steel", International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 3(5): 1852-1857, (2013).
• [18] Shah A., Mufti N. A., Rakwal D., Bamberg E., "Material Removal Rate, Kerf, and Surface Roughness of Tungsten Carbide Machined with Wire Electrical Discharge Machining", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 20(1): 71-76, (2011).
• [19] Bobbili R., Madhu V., Gogia A.K., "Effect of Wire-EDM Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate of High Strength Armor Steel", Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 28: 364-368, (2013).
• [20] Frydman S., Konat L., Kalskı G., "Structure and hardness changes in welded joints of Hardox steels", Archives Civil and Mechanical Engineering, VIII(4): 15-27, (2008).
• [21] Konovalov S.V., et al., "Formation Wear Resistant Coatings on Martensite Steel Hardox 450 by Welding Methods", Materials Science and Engineering, 142: 2-5, (2016).
• [22] Filip A.C., et al., "Experimental research on the machinability of Hardox steel by abrasive waterjet cutting", DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20179403003 (2017).
• [23] Hlavac L.M., et al., "Experimental method for the abrasive water jet cutting quality", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209: 6190-6195, (2009).
• [24] Chamarthia S., et al., "Investigation Analysis of Plasma arc cutting Parameters on the Unevenness surface of Hardox-400 material", Procedia Engineering, 64: 854-861, (2013).
• [25] Mindivan H., "Effects of Combined Diffusion Treatments on the Wear Behaviour of Hardox 400 Steel", Procedia Engineering, 68: 710-715, (2013).
• [26] Gondalia R.V., Sharma A.K., "Parametric Investigation and Optimization of Co2 Laser Cutting process used for Cutting Hardox-400 materials", International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 2(6): 123-129, (2013).
• [27] Prajapati B.D., Patel R.J., Khatri B.C., "Parametric Investigation of CO2 Laser Cutting of Mild Steel and Hardox-400 Material", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3(4): 204-208, (2013).
• [28] Majerik J., Barenyi I., "Experimental Investigation Into Tool Wear Of Cemented Carbide Cutting Inserts When Machining Wear Resistant Steel Hardox 500", Engineering Review, 36(2): 167-174, (2016).
• [29] Montgomery D.C., "Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley, New York, USA, (2001).
• [30] Gökmeşe H., Özdemir M., "The Effect Of Heat Treatment On The Formability Behavior Of Hardox-500 Sheet Material", Gazi University J. Sci Part:C, 4(4): 343-349, (2016).