Effects of Vermiculariser, Inoculant and Copper Addition on Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron

Year 2022, , 1113 - 1121, 01.10.2022

Hasan Hasırcı , Kubilay Karacif , Berkay Karatay

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.883279

Abstract

In this study, the microstructure and corrosion properties of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron (VGCI) produced via different methods and parameters were investigated. VGCI was produced from a base ductile iron material using different proportions of vermiculariser and inoculant. Copper was added to a group of samples as an alloying element. The microstructures and corrosion properties of samples were investigated in saltwater media. The effects of production parameters on the microstructure and corrosion behavior were determined. It was observed that as the ratio of vermiculariser applied was increased, the vermicular graphite ratio and vermicularity was also increased. The matrix grain size decreased while the inoculant and pearlite phase ratio increased due to the addition of copper. In electrochemical corrosion studies, VGCI was superior in corrosion resistance compared to SGCI and addition of vermiculariser, inoculants and copper was found effective in improving the corrosion resistance of the VGCI material.

Keywords

Vermicular, compact, cast iron, microstructure, corrosion

References

• [1] Akinribide O J, Akinwamide S O, Ajibola O O, Obadele B A, Olusunle S O, Olubambi P A, “Corrosion behavior of ductile and austempered ductile cast iron in 0.01M and 0.05M NaCl Environments”, Procedia Manufacturing, 30: 167-172, (2019).
• [2] Hsu C H, Chen M L, “Corrosion behavior of nickel alloyed and austempered ductile irons in 3.5% sodium chloride”, Corrosion Science, 52: 2945-2949, (2010).
• [3] Liu, J., Liu, H., Tian, X., Yang, H., Hao, J., “Microstructural evolution and corrosion properties of Ni-based alloy coatings fabricated by multi-layer laser cladding on cast iron”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 822: 1-11,(2020) 153708.
• [4] Cheng X, Hu S, Song W, Xiong X, “Improvement in corrosion resistance of a nodular cast iron surface modified by plasma beam treatment”, Applied Surface Science, 286: 334-343, (2013).
• [5] Benyounis K Y, Fakron O M A, Abboud J H, Olabi A G, Hashmi M J S, “Surface melting of nodular cast iron by Nd-YAG laser and TIG”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 170: 127-132, (2005).
• [6] Alabeedi K F, Abboud J H, Benyounis K Y, “Microstructure and erosion resistance enhancement of nodular cast iron by laser melting”, Wear, 266: 925-933, (2009).
• [7] Abboud J H, “Microstructure and erosion characteristic of nodular cast iron surface modified by tungsten inert gas”, Materials Design, 35: 677-684, (2012).
• [8] Guo Q, Zhong Y, Dong T, Gao P, Guo Y, Li J, “Effects of vermicular graphite rate on the oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of vermicular graphite iron”, Journal Alloys Compounds, 765: 213-220, (2018).
• [9] Karatay, B. ve Hasırcı,H., “Effects Of Production Conditions On Micro And Macro Structural Properties Of Compacted Graphite Cast Iron”, Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology (GU Sci, Part C), 6(4): 887-897 (2018).
• [10] Ma Z J, Tao D, Yang Z, Guo Y C, Li J P, Liang M X, Yeung L T L, “The effect of vermicularity on the thermal conductivity of vermicular graphite cast iron”, Materials and Design, 93: 418-422, (2016).
• [11] Dong J P, Kim H G, Park J Y, “A study of the oxidation of FeCrAl alloy in pressurized water and high-temperature steam environment”, Corrosion Science, 94: 459-465, (2015).
• [12] Dawson S, Shroeder T, “Practical applications for compacted graphite iron”, AFS Transactions, 04-047, 1-9, (2004).
• [13] Mocellin F, Melleras E, Boehs L, Guesser WL, “Study of the machinability of compacted graphite iron for drilling process”, Journal of Brazilian Society Mechanical Science and Engineering, 26:22–27, (2004).
• [14] Watson S W, Madsen B W, Cramer S D, “Wear-corrosion study of white cast irons”, Wear, 181–183, 469475, (1995).
• [15] Xiang S., Hedström P., Zhu, B., Linder, J., Odqvist, J., “Influence of graphite morphology on the corrosion-fatigue properties of the ferritic Si-Mo-Al cast iron SiMo1000”, International Journal of Fatigue, 140 (2020) 105781.
• [16] Mariani, F.E., Takeya, G.S., Lombardi, A.N., Picone, C.A., Casteletti, L.C., “Wear and corrosion resistance of Nb-V carbide layers produced in vermicular cast iron using TRD treatments”, Surface & Coatings Technology, 397 (2020) 126050.
• [17] Kihlberg, E., Norman, V., Skoglund, P., Schmidt, P., Moverare, J., “On the correlation between microstructural parameters and the thermo-mechanical fatigue performance of cast iron”, International Journal of Fatigue, 145: (2021) 106112.
• [18] Melchers R E, “Long-term corrosion of cast irons and steel in marine and atmospheric environments”, Corrosion Science, 68: 186-194, (2013).
• [19] Neville A, Hodgkiess T, Xu H, “An electrochemical and microstructural assessment of erosion–corrosion of cast iron”, Wear, 233–235, 523-534, (1999).
• [20] Medyński D, Janus A, “Effect of heat treatment parameters on abrasive wear and corrosion resistance of austenitic nodular cast iron Ni–Mn–Cu”, Archieve Civil Mechanical Engineering, 18: 515-521, (2018).
• [21] Al-Hashem A, Abdullah A, Riad W, “Cavitation corrosion of nodular cast iron (NCI) in seawater: Microstructural effects”, Materials Characterisation, 47: 383-388, (2001).
• [22] AI-Hashem A H, Gouda V K, Abdullah A M, Riad W T, “Cavitation-corrosion Behaviour of Nodular Cast Iron in Aqueous Environments”, Journal of King Saud University, 8: 1-19, (1996).
• [23] Jeong B, Kim M, “Corrosion characteristics of duplex surface-treated spheroidal graphite cast iron”, Surface Coating Technology, 141: 262-268, (2001).
• [24] Liu Y C, Schissler J M, Mathia T G, “The influence of surface oxidation on the wear resistance of cast iron”, Tribology International, 28: 433-438, (1995).
• [25] Wiengmoon A, Pearce J T H, Chairuangsri T, “Relationship between microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance in 20 wt.%Cr, 27 wt.%Cr and 36 wt.%Cr high chromium cast irons”, Materials Chemistry Physics, 125 (3): 739-748, (2011).
• [26] Tang X H, Chung R, Li D Y, Hinckley B, Dolman K, “Variations in microstructure of high chromium cast irons and resultant changes in resistance to wear, corrosion and corrosive wear”, Wear, 267: 116-121, (2009).
• [27] Tokaji K, Horie T, Enomoto Y, “Corrosion fatigue behaviour of high V–Cr–Ni cast irons in 3%NaCl aqueous solution”, International Jornal Fatigue, 30: 727-733, (2008).
• [28] Zumelzu E, Goyos I, Cabezas C, Opitz O, Parada A, “Wear and corrosion behaviour of high-chromium (14–30% Cr) cast iron alloys”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 128, 250-255, (2002).
• [29] Karamıs M B, Yıldızlı K, “Surface modification of nodular cast iron: A comparative study on graphite elimination”, Materials Science Engineering A, 527: 5225-5229, (2010).
• [30] Zeng D W, Yung K C, Xie CS, “Investigation of corrosion behavior of high nickel ductile iron by laser surface alloying with copper”, Scripta Materialle, 44: 2747-2752, (2001).
• [31] Gollapudi S, “Grain size distribution effects on the corrosion behaviour of materials”, Corrosion Science, 62, 90-, (2012).