Synthesis and Application of a Low Emulsifier Content Composite Polyacrylic Latex for Leather Finishing

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 19 - 25, 31.03.2018

Onur Yılmaz Catalina Natalia Cheaburu-yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.376390

Cited By: 1

Abstract

A composite polyacrylic latex via
two stage seeded emulsion polymerization with low emulsifier content (0.5 wt.%)
was synthesized and characterized by means of particle size and zeta potential
analysis, FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results
verified a very uniform particle size distribution and good electrostatic
stability. The different phases of the composite polymer were evidenced by DSC
analysis with two clear phase transitions. The application of the latex on
leathers as coating binder revealed good fastness levels to dry/wet rubbing and
water spotting. The synthesized composite latex was found to be good candidate
for producing cost-effective waterborne binders with good performance.  

Keywords

Composite latex, leather finishing, coating, acrylate, emulsion polymerization

Synthesis and Application of a Low Emulsifier Content Composite Polyacrylic Latex for Leather Finishing

Abstract

Kompozit yapılı bir poliakrilik lateks, iki aşamalı
tohumlanmış emülsiyon polimerizasyonu ile düşük emülgatör içerikli (ağ. %0.5)
olarak sentezlenmiş; partikül boyutu ve zeta potansiyeli analizi, FTIR ve
diferansiyal taramalı kalorimetri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Elde
edilen sonuçlar lateksin çok homojen bir partikül boyutu dağılımına ve iyi
elektrostatik stabiliteye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Kompozit polimerin
farklı fazları DSC analizi ile iki net faz geçişi olarak ortaya konmuştur.
Lateksin mamul derilerde kaplama binderi olarak uygulanması sonrasında,
yaş/kuru sürtme haslıkları ile su damlası haslığı testlerinin iyi sonuçlar
verdiği gözlenmiştir. Sentezlenen lateksin, iyi performansa sahip, düşük
maliyetli su bazlı binderlerin üretimi için iyi bir aday olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.

Keywords

Kompozit lateks, deri finisajı, kaplama, akrilat, emülsiyon polimerizasyonu

References

• [1] Tığlı R. S. and Evren V., “Synthesis and characterization of pure poly(acrylate) latexes”, Prog. Org. Coat., 52 (2): 144–150, (2005).
• [2] Gao D., Zhang W., Ma J., Li C. and Zhang J., “Influence of alcohols on stability and mechanical properties of polyacrylate coating material”, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 12 (6): 997-1004, (2015).
• [3] Schindler F., “Properties distinguishing acrylic polymers as binders for basecoats on leather”, J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc., 98: 97-100, (2003).
• [4] Greif M. and Cala J. A., “Polymer characteristics and composition and leather finish properties”, J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc., 67: 480-487, (1972).
• [5] Heidemann E., “Fundamentals of Leather Manufacture”, Eduard Roether KG, Darmstadt, Germany, (1993).
• [6] Krings L., Jimenez M., Oliveras M. and Pont Pi J.M., “Acrylic-urethane hybrid polymers: materials with high potential in leather finishing”, J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc., 105: 388-394, (2010).
• [7] Khana A. K., Raya B. C. and Dolui S.K., “Preparation of core-shell emulsion polymer and optimization of shell composition with respect to opacity of paint film”, Prog. Org. Coat., 62 (1): 65–70, (2008).
• [8] Kirsch S., Pfau A., Stubbs J. and Sundberg D., “Control of particle morphology and film structures of carboxylated poly (n-butylacrylate)/poly (methyl methacrylate) composite latex particles”, Colloids Surf. A., 183–185: 725–737, (2001).
• [9] Henry F., Cansell F., Guillamine J. L. and Pichot C., “Study of the polymer latex coalescence by dielectric measurements at microwave frequency—feasibility of the method”, Colloid Polym. Sci., 267 (2): 167-178, (1989).
• [10] Gerli A., Berkhout S. and Cardoso X., “Core Shell&Trade: The latest development for the paper industry in the field of polymer technology”, Wochenblatt Fur Papierfabrikation, 131: 567-571, (2003).
• [11] Bertelo C., Meunier G., Lermite A., Dargelos P. and Drujon X., “Impact additive of the core/shell type for thermoplastic polymers”, US Patent RE37851, (2002).
• [12] Mendizabal E., Hernandez P. J., Puig J. E., Canche-Escamilla G., Katime I. and Castano V., “Effect of pH on the mechanical properties of functionalized polymers prepared by emulsion polymerization”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74 (14): 3299-3304, (1999).
• [13] Wang G. J., Kang C. S. and Jin R. G., “Synthesis of acrylic core-shell composite polymers and properties of plastisol–gels”, Prog. Org. Coat., 50 (1): 55-61, (2004).
• [14] Zerafati S., Tran M., Quoc B., Gruat N. and Granel C., “Impact modifier combination for polymers”, European Patent EP1207172, (2002).
• [15] Ferguson C. J., Russell G. T. and Gilbert R. G., “Synthesis of lattices with polystyrene cores and poly(vinyl acetate) shells. 1. Use of polystyrene seeds”, Polymer, 43 (24): 6371-6382, (2002).
• [16] Hidalgo M., Cavaille J. Y., Guillot J., Guyot A., Pichot C., Rios L. and Vassoille R., “Polystyrene (1) / poly(butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid)(2) core-shell emulsion polymers. Part II: Thermomechanical properties of latex films”, Colloid Polym. Sci., 270 (12): 1208-1221, (1992).
• [17] Borthakur L. J., Jana T. and Dolui S. K., “Preparation of core–shell latex particles by emulsion co-polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate, and evaluation of their pigment properties in emulsion paints”, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 7 (6): 765–772, (2010).
• [18] Ha J. W., Park L. J. and Kim D. K., “Preparation and characterization of core−shell particles containing perfluoroalkyl acrylate in the shell”, Macromolecules, 35 (18): 6811-6818, (2002).
• [19] Qinhuan Y., Tingyou Z. and Zhengjun L., “Characterization and application of low surface energy fluorinated polymer in leather finishing”, J. Soc. Leath. Tech. Ch., 94 (3): 106-110, (2010).
• [20] Sui Z., Zhao X., Song X. and Qiang X., “Synthesis and properties of a cationic acrylic resin leather finish with a core-shell structure”, J. Soc. Leath. Tech. Ch., 96 (3): 94-99, (2012).
• [21] Liu J., Ma J., Bao Y. and Zhu Z., “Synthesis and application of polyacrylate/nano-SiO2 composite leather finishing agent with polymerizable surfactant”, Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng., 51: 1460–1467, (2012).
• [22] Zhao X. and Zhao Y, “Preparation and application of a leather finish with core-shell structure”, Adv. Mater. Res., 791-793: 326-329, (2013).
• [23] Ma J., Xu Q., Zhou J., Gao D., Zhang J. and Chen L., “Nano-scale core–shell structural casein based coating latex: synthesis, characterization and its biodegradability”, Prog. Org. Coat., 76: 1346–1355, (2013).
• [24] Ma J., Gan C., Xu Q., Zhou J. and Zhang J., “Amphiphilic copolymer stabilized core–shell structural casein-based emulsion”, Colloids Surf. A, 471: 65–72, (2015).
• [25] Bückmann F., Overbeek A. and Nabuurs T., “Self-crosslinking surfactant free acrylic dispersions”, Eur. Coat. J., 53: 1-8, (2001).
• [26] Chern C. S., “Principles and Applications of Emulsion Polymerization”, John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2008).
• [27] Leather - Physical and mechanical tests- Sample preparation and conditioning, ISO 2419:2012 (IULTCS/IUP 1, IULTCS/IUP 3).
• [28] Leather - Determination of flex resistance - Part 1: Flexometer method, ISO 5402-1:2011 (IULTCS/IUP 20-1).
• [29] Leather - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to cycles of to-and-fro rubbing, ISO 11640:2012 (IULTCS/IUF 450).
• [30] Leather --Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to water spotting, ISO 15700:1998 (IULTCS/IUF 420).
• [31] Amalvy J. I., “Semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 59: 339–344, (1996).
• [32] Quadrat O. and Snuparek J., “Structure and flow properties of lattices containing carboxylic groups”, Prog. Org. Coat., 18: 207–228, (1990).
• [33] Karunasena A. and Glass J., “Interactions in associative thickener/220 nm methyl methacrylate latex dispersions”, Prog. Org. Coat., 17: 301–320, (1989).
• [34] Koh A. Y. C., Mange S., Bothe M., Leyrer R. J. and Gilbert R. G., “The influence of copolymerization with methacrylic acid on poly(butyl acrylate) film properties”, Polymer, 47: 1159–1165, (2006).
• [35] Kang K., Kan C., Du Y. and Liu D., “Study on soap-free p(MMA–EA–AA or MAA) latex particles with narrow size distribution”, Polym. Adv. Technol., 17: 193–198, (2006).
• [36] van Herk A. and Gilbert B., “Emulsion Polymerization”, van Herk, A (ed.), Chemistry and Technology of Emulsion Polymerization, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK, (2005).