Kil Minerallerinden Alümina Üretimi: Güncel Değerlendirmeler

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 387 - 396, 01.06.2018

Murat Erdemoğlu Mustafa Birinci Turan Uysal

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.386907

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Günümüzde üstün fiziksel ve
teknolojik özelliklerinden dolayı çok önemli bir malzeme olan alümina (Al₂O₃)
endüstride yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır ve alümina üretiminin neredeyse
tamamı hammadde kaynağı olarak boksitin kullanıldığı Bayer prosesi ile
karşılanmaya devam etmektedir. Ancak yüksek üretim miktarlarına bağlı olarak
Bayer prosesine beslenecek uygun kalitedeki boksit rezervlerinin hızla
azalması, alümina üretim maliyetlerindeki artışlar, bazı ülkelerin boksit
rezervlerinin sınırlı olması ya da hiç bulunmaması gibi teknik ve ekonomik
gerekçelerden dolayı boksit dışı kaynaklardan alümina üretimi konusu hem
bilimsel araştırma hem de endüstriyel uygulamalar açısından oldukça önem
taşımaktadır. Doğada bol ve yaygın yaygın bir şekilde bulunmaları, nispeten
yüksek alüminyum tenörüne sahip olmaları, madencilik yöntemleriyle
üretimlerinin kolay ve ucuz olması, diğer kaynaklara göre daha basit hazırlama
ve zenginleştirme işlemleri gerektirmeleri gibi nedenlerden dolayı kil
mineralleri alümina üretimine en elverişli boksit dışı kaynak olarak görülmektedir.

Killerden alümina üretimi amacıyla
geliştirilmiş ve genel kabul görmüş bazı süreçler bulunmaktadır. Bunlar
arasında özellikle “Asit Liç Süreci” daha fazla ön plana çıktığı, bazı
üsünlüklerinden dolayı alümina üretiminde daha etkin bir yöntem olarak
uygulanabileceği konusunda bir fikir birliği oluştuğu görülmektedir. Bununla
birlikte süreç koşulları ve süreç işlem kademeleri üzerinde birtakım
değişikliklere gidildiği, bazı modifikasyonların denendiği güncel çalışmalara
rastlanılmaktadır. Killerden alümina üretimi konusunda yapılmış olan
çalışmaların ve güncel araştırma bulgularının derlenmesiyle hazırlanan bu
çalışmanın amacı, başta alümina endüstrisi ve paydaşları olmak üzere ilgili
araştırmacılara bilgi vermek, bu alanda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalara katkı
sunmaktır.  

Keywords

Alümina, kil mineralleri, pirofillit, asidik liçing, mekanik aktivasyon

Alumina Production from Clay Minerals: Current Reviews

Abstract

Alumina (Al₂O₃), which is a very
important material due to its superior physical and technological properties,
is widely used in industry and almost all of alumina is obtained from Bayer
process using bauxite as a raw material. However, some technical and economical
handicaps of alumina production with Bayer process (such as limited or non
availability of bauxite reserves in some countries, reduction of high grade
bauxite deposits, growing alumina demand for industry etc.) require alternative
raw material sources and methods to produce alumina. Therefore, investigations
on the alumina production from non-bauxite sources is one of the current
studies in related literature as well. Clay minerals are considered to be the
best available source of non-bauxite raw material for alumina production.
Because clay minerals are abundant and common in the earth crust, they have
relatively high grade of aluminum, when compared to other sources, clay mining
is easier and require simpler preparation and enrichment processes. There are
various processes developed to produce alumina from clays, but among them
"Acid Leaching Process" has become well-known method that could be
practiced as a more effective method in alumina production due to some
advantages.  Moreover, it is seen that
there is a consensus on Acid Leaching Process. Besides, there are current
studies investigating  several technical
modifications and improvements on the process steps.The aim of this study
prepared by reviewing the studies obtained from literature and current experimental
results on production of alümina from clays is to give information particularly
to alumina industry and stakeholders and related researchers, and to contribute
to scientific studies on this topic.

Keywords

Alumina, clay minerals, pyrophyllite, acidic leaching, mechanical activation

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