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Experimental Investigation for the Use of R454C in Refrigeration Systems

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 153 - 160, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.898828

Abstract

The aim of this study is investigation of using hydrofluoroolefin/hydrofluorocarbon (HFO/HFC) mixture of R454C with low-GWP as a substitute for R404A with high GWP. In the experimental study, two different evaporation temperatures (4°C, +4°C) and two different condenser temperatures (30°C, 50°C) cases were investigated. The power consumption of R404A was determined to be greater compared to R454C for both condenser temperatures. Moreover, COP of R454C was seen to be higher than R404A about by 10%. The mass flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the system was reduced using R454C. The power consumption of R454C was about 15% lower than R404A. Although the discharge temperature of compressor for the alternative refrigerant was greater than R404A, R454C is verified to be suitable for the operating conditions. TEWI computations indicates that CO2 emissions are reduced substantially using R454C. The exergy efficiency of R454C was found to be approximately 10-15% higher than R404A. It will be possible to use R454C as an alternative for R404A without performing any modification in the system.

References

  • [1] IPCC, UNEP, Others Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, (2005).
  • [2] Calm, J.M., The next generation of refrigerants-historical review, considerations, and outlook International Journal of Refrigeration, 31: 1123-1133, (2008).
  • [3] Yang, M., Zhang, H., Meng, Z., & Qin, Y. Experimental study on R1234yf/R134a mixture (R513A) as R134a replacement in a domestic refrigerator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 146: 540-547, (2019).
  • [4] UNIDO (The United Nations Industrial Development Organization), 2017. Way to go with UNIDO mapping  HFC phase-down, https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2020-04/UNIDO- brochure_HFC-Phase_Down-Complete.pdf. Last Access date: 08.06.2020.
  • [5] Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006. Official Journal of the European Union. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0517&from=EN>. Accessed date: 08.06.2020.
  • [6] Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbri, J., Barragan-Cervera, A., Moles, F., Peris, B., Verdu, G, Commercial refrigeration-An overview of current Status. International Journal of Refrigeration, 57: 186-196, (2015a).
  • [7] Llopis, R., Calleja-Anta, D., Sánchez, D., Nebot-Andrés, L., Catalán-Gil, J., & Cabello, R. R-454C, R-459B, R-457A and R-455A as low-GWP replacements of R-404A: Experimental evaluation and optimization. International Journal of Refrigeration, 106: 133-143, (2019).
  • [8] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE),. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, designation and safety classification of refrigerants (2016).
  • [9] Mota-Babiloni, A , Navarro-Esbrí, J , Peris, B , Molés, F , Verdú, G , Experimental evaluation of R448A as R404A lower-GWP alternative in refrigeration systems. Energy Convers. Manag. 105, 756–762, (2015b).
  • [10] Makhnatch, P , Mota-Babiloni, A , Rogstam, J , Khodabandeh, R, Retrofit of lower GWP alternative R449A into an existing R404A indirect supermarket refrigeration system. International Journal of Refrigeration 76: 184–192, (2017).
  • [11] Oruç, V, Devecioğlu, A.G., Ender, S., Improvement of energy parameters using R442A and R453A in a refrigeration system operating with R404A. Applied Thermal Engineering 129: 243–249, (2018).
  • [12] Mota-Babiloni, A., Haro-Ortuño, J., Navarro-Esbrí, J., & Barragán-Cervera, Á. Experimental drop-in replacement of R404A for warm countries using the low GWP mixtures R454C and R455A. International Journal of Refrigeration, 91: 136-145, (2018).
  • [13] Heredia-Aricapa, Y., Belman-Flores, J. M., Mota-Babiloni, A., Serrano-Arellano, J., & García-Pabón, J. J. Overview of low GWP mixtures for the replacement of HFC refrigerants: R134a, R404A and R410A. International Journal of Refrigeration, 111: 113-123, (2020).
  • [14] Llopis, R., Calleja-Anta, D., Maiorino, A., Nebot-Andrés, L., Sánchez, D., & Cabello, R., TEWI analysis of a stand-alone refrigeration system using low-GWP fluids with leakage ratio consideration. International Journal of Refrigeration, 118: 279-289, (2020).
  • [15] Sethi, A., Pottker, G., Motta, S.Y., Experimental evaluation and field trial of low global warming potential R404A replacements for commercial refrigeration, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 22:8, 1175-1184, (2016).
  • [16] Devecioğlu, A.G., Oruç, V. Experimental comparison of R404A and R452A in refrigeration systems. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 27(1): 61-69, (2021).
  • [17] Li, G., Comprehensive investigation of transport refrigeration life cycle climate performance. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessm. 21: 33–49, (2017).
  • [18] Lemmon, E.W., Bell, I.H., Huber, M.L., McLinden, M.O., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROP, Version 10.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, (2018).
  • [19] Minor, B , Shah, S , Simoni, L ,. Testing of HFO refrigerant with less than 150 GWP in a commercial freezer. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Interna- tional Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. West Lafayette (IN), USA Paper 2388, 11-14 July (2016).
  • [20] Mota-Babiloni, A., Barbosa Jr, J. R., Makhnatch, P., & Lozano, J. A. Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 129: 109929, (2020).
  • [21] Mateu-Royo, C., Adrian Mota-Babiloni, Joaquın Navarro-Esbri. Semi-empirical and environmental assessment of the low GWP refrigerant HCFO-1224yd(Z) to replace HFC-245fa in high temperature heat pumps, International Journal of Refrigeration, 127: 120-127 (2021).

Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 153 - 160, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.898828

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek GWP değerine sahip R404A soğutucu akışkanı yerine hidrofloroolefin/hidroflorokarbon (HFO/HFC) karışımı düşük GWP değerine sahip R454C soğutucu akışkanın kullanılmasının incelenmesidir. Deneysel çalışmada iki farklı buharlaşma sıcaklığı (4°C ve +4°C) ve iki farklı yoğuşma sıcaklığı (30°C ve 50°C) kullanılmıştır. Her iki kondenser sıcaklığında R404A’nın elektrik tüketimi R454C’den yüksek tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca R454C’nin COP değeri R404A’dan ortalama %10 fazla tespit edilmiştir. R454C’nin kullanılmasıyla, sistemde dolaşan kütlesel debi değerinde azalma olmuştur. R454C’nin güç tüketimi R404A’dan ortalama %15 daha düşüktür. Alternatif karışımın kompresör çıkış sıcaklıkları R404A’dan yüksek olmakla birlikte R454C’nin çalışma koşulları için uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Hesaplanan TEWI değeriyle, R454C kullanılmasıyla CO2 emisyonlarında önemli azalmalar olmuştur. R454C’nin ekserji verimi R404A’dan yaklaşık %10-%15 daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sistemde hiçbir değişiklik yapılmadan R404A’ya alternatif olarak R454C kullanılması mümkün olabilecektir.

References

  • [1] IPCC, UNEP, Others Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, (2005).
  • [2] Calm, J.M., The next generation of refrigerants-historical review, considerations, and outlook International Journal of Refrigeration, 31: 1123-1133, (2008).
  • [3] Yang, M., Zhang, H., Meng, Z., & Qin, Y. Experimental study on R1234yf/R134a mixture (R513A) as R134a replacement in a domestic refrigerator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 146: 540-547, (2019).
  • [4] UNIDO (The United Nations Industrial Development Organization), 2017. Way to go with UNIDO mapping  HFC phase-down, https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2020-04/UNIDO- brochure_HFC-Phase_Down-Complete.pdf. Last Access date: 08.06.2020.
  • [5] Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006. Official Journal of the European Union. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0517&from=EN>. Accessed date: 08.06.2020.
  • [6] Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbri, J., Barragan-Cervera, A., Moles, F., Peris, B., Verdu, G, Commercial refrigeration-An overview of current Status. International Journal of Refrigeration, 57: 186-196, (2015a).
  • [7] Llopis, R., Calleja-Anta, D., Sánchez, D., Nebot-Andrés, L., Catalán-Gil, J., & Cabello, R. R-454C, R-459B, R-457A and R-455A as low-GWP replacements of R-404A: Experimental evaluation and optimization. International Journal of Refrigeration, 106: 133-143, (2019).
  • [8] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE),. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, designation and safety classification of refrigerants (2016).
  • [9] Mota-Babiloni, A , Navarro-Esbrí, J , Peris, B , Molés, F , Verdú, G , Experimental evaluation of R448A as R404A lower-GWP alternative in refrigeration systems. Energy Convers. Manag. 105, 756–762, (2015b).
  • [10] Makhnatch, P , Mota-Babiloni, A , Rogstam, J , Khodabandeh, R, Retrofit of lower GWP alternative R449A into an existing R404A indirect supermarket refrigeration system. International Journal of Refrigeration 76: 184–192, (2017).
  • [11] Oruç, V, Devecioğlu, A.G., Ender, S., Improvement of energy parameters using R442A and R453A in a refrigeration system operating with R404A. Applied Thermal Engineering 129: 243–249, (2018).
  • [12] Mota-Babiloni, A., Haro-Ortuño, J., Navarro-Esbrí, J., & Barragán-Cervera, Á. Experimental drop-in replacement of R404A for warm countries using the low GWP mixtures R454C and R455A. International Journal of Refrigeration, 91: 136-145, (2018).
  • [13] Heredia-Aricapa, Y., Belman-Flores, J. M., Mota-Babiloni, A., Serrano-Arellano, J., & García-Pabón, J. J. Overview of low GWP mixtures for the replacement of HFC refrigerants: R134a, R404A and R410A. International Journal of Refrigeration, 111: 113-123, (2020).
  • [14] Llopis, R., Calleja-Anta, D., Maiorino, A., Nebot-Andrés, L., Sánchez, D., & Cabello, R., TEWI analysis of a stand-alone refrigeration system using low-GWP fluids with leakage ratio consideration. International Journal of Refrigeration, 118: 279-289, (2020).
  • [15] Sethi, A., Pottker, G., Motta, S.Y., Experimental evaluation and field trial of low global warming potential R404A replacements for commercial refrigeration, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 22:8, 1175-1184, (2016).
  • [16] Devecioğlu, A.G., Oruç, V. Experimental comparison of R404A and R452A in refrigeration systems. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 27(1): 61-69, (2021).
  • [17] Li, G., Comprehensive investigation of transport refrigeration life cycle climate performance. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessm. 21: 33–49, (2017).
  • [18] Lemmon, E.W., Bell, I.H., Huber, M.L., McLinden, M.O., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROP, Version 10.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, (2018).
  • [19] Minor, B , Shah, S , Simoni, L ,. Testing of HFO refrigerant with less than 150 GWP in a commercial freezer. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Interna- tional Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue. West Lafayette (IN), USA Paper 2388, 11-14 July (2016).
  • [20] Mota-Babiloni, A., Barbosa Jr, J. R., Makhnatch, P., & Lozano, J. A. Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 129: 109929, (2020).
  • [21] Mateu-Royo, C., Adrian Mota-Babiloni, Joaquın Navarro-Esbri. Semi-empirical and environmental assessment of the low GWP refrigerant HCFO-1224yd(Z) to replace HFC-245fa in high temperature heat pumps, International Journal of Refrigeration, 127: 120-127 (2021).
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Atilla Gencer Devecioğlu 0000-0001-9174-378X

Vedat Oruç 0000-0001-9055-1508

Publication Date March 27, 2023
Submission Date March 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Devecioğlu, A. G., & Oruç, V. (2023). Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 26(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.898828
AMA Devecioğlu AG, Oruç V. Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi. March 2023;26(1):153-160. doi:10.2339/politeknik.898828
Chicago Devecioğlu, Atilla Gencer, and Vedat Oruç. “Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi”. Politeknik Dergisi 26, no. 1 (March 2023): 153-60. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.898828.
EndNote Devecioğlu AG, Oruç V (March 1, 2023) Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi 26 1 153–160.
IEEE A. G. Devecioğlu and V. Oruç, “Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi”, Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 153–160, 2023, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.898828.
ISNAD Devecioğlu, Atilla Gencer - Oruç, Vedat. “Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi”. Politeknik Dergisi 26/1 (March 2023), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.898828.
JAMA Devecioğlu AG, Oruç V. Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi. 2023;26:153–160.
MLA Devecioğlu, Atilla Gencer and Vedat Oruç. “Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi”. Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 1, 2023, pp. 153-60, doi:10.2339/politeknik.898828.
Vancouver Devecioğlu AG, Oruç V. Soğutma Sistemlerinde R454C Kullanılmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi. 2023;26(1):153-60.