Şekil Hafızalı Mekanik Metamalzemeler: Tasarım, Üretim ve Uygulamalar

Year 2025, EARLY VIEW, 1 - 1

Gülcan Aydın , Hacer Çelebi , İdris Candan , Sait Eren San

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1701964

Abstract

Bu derleme çalışması, şekil hafızalı malzemeler (ŞHM) ile öksetik yapıların birleştirilmesi yoluyla oluşturulan şekil hafızalı öksetik metamalzemelerin (ŞHÖ-MM) temel prensiplerini, üretim tekniklerini, karakterizasyon yöntemlerini ve çok yönlü uygulama potansiyellerini kapsamlı biçimde ele almaktadır. ŞHM’lerin çevresel uyaranlara duyarlı, geri dönüşümlü şekil değiştirme yetenekleri ile öksetik yapıların negatif Poisson oranı gibi olağanüstü mekanik tepkileri bir araya getirilerek programlanabilir, çok işlevli ve yüksek performanslı sistemlerin tasarlanması mümkün hale gelmektedir. Çalışmada, bu hibrit metamalzemelerin ölçek bağımlı deformasyon mekanizmaları detaylı şekilde incelenmiş; sonlu elemanlar analizi, malzeme modelleri ve çok ölçekli hesaplamalı yaklaşımlar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen güncel simülasyon çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, eriterek biriktirme, stereolitografi, PolyJet baskı ve lazer kesim gibi ileri üretim tekniklerinin bu sistemlerin imalatında kullanımları açıklanmıştır. Karakterizasyon yöntemleri kapsamında, mekanik testler, termal analizler ve şekil geri kazanım performans ölçümleri ele alınmıştır. Biyomedikal implantlar, yumuşak robotik sistemler, esnek elektronikler, darbe emici yapılar ve giyilebilir teknolojiler gibi çeşitli alanlardaki uygulamalara ilişkin son gelişmelere de yer verilmiştir. Literatürde bu iki yenilikçi malzeme sınıfının birlikte değerlendirildiği Türkçe kaynakların bulunmaması nedeniyle, bu çalışma mevcut boşluğu doldurarak akademik literatüre özgün ve bütüncül bir katkı sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu malzeme sistemlerinin geleceğine dair öngörüler doğrultusunda, 4B yazıcı teknolojileri, yapay zekâ destekli tasarım optimizasyonları ve çok malzemeli üretim yaklaşımları çerçevesinde araştırma fırsatları da tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Şekil Hafızalı Malzemeler , öksetik yapılar , mekanik metamalzemeler , negatif poisson oranı , şekil hafıza etkisi.

Ethical Statement

Bu makalenin yazarları çalışmalarında kullandıkları materyal ve yöntemlerin etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal-özel bir izin gerektirmediğini beyan ederler.

Supporting Institution

Kocaeli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

FKA-2024-3938

Thanks

FKA-2024-3938 numaralı proje ile vermiş oldukları destekten dolayı Kocaeli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi’ne teşekkür ederiz.

Shape Memory Mechanical Metamaterials: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Abstract

This review comprehensively examines the fundamental principles, fabrication techniques, characterization methods, and versatile application potentials of shape memory auxetic metamaterials (SMAMs), which are created through the integration of shape memory materials (SMMs) and auxetic structures. By combining the environmentally responsive and reversible shape-changing capabilities of shape memory materials with the exceptional mechanical responses of auxetic structures such as a negative Poisson's ratio, it becomes possible to design programmable, multifunctional, and high-performance systems. The study explores the scale-dependent deformation mechanisms of these hybrid metamaterials in detail and evaluates recent simulation studies carried out using finite element analysis, material modeling, and multiscale computational approaches. Furthermore, advanced manufacturing techniques such as fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, PolyJet printing, and laser cutting are discussed in the context of producing these systems. Within the scope of characterization methods, mechanical testing, thermal analysis, and shape recovery performance measurements are addressed. Recent developments in various application areas such as biomedical implants, soft robotic systems, flexible electronics, impact-absorbing structures, and wearable technologies are also presented. Given the lack of Turkish sources that jointly address these two innovative material classes, this work fills a critical gap in the literature and provides an original and holistic contribution to academic research. In addition, future research opportunities are discussed in the context of 4D printing technologies, AI-assisted design optimizations, and multi-material manufacturing approaches.

Keywords

Shape memory materials , auxetic structures , mechanical metamaterials , negative Poisson's ratio , shape memory effect.

Project Number

FKA-2024-3938

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