Akdeniz İklimindeki bir Apartmanın Albedo, Pencere-Duvar Oranı ve Doğal Havalandırmanın Enerji Tüketimi ile CO2 Konsantrasyonu üzerine Tam Faktöriyel Analizi

Year 2025, EARLY VIEW, 1 - 1

Ali Berkay Avcı

Abstract

Bu çalışma, iyi yalıtılmış ve doğal havalandırmalı bir apartman dairesinde duvar albedosu, pencere-duvar oranı ve doğal havalandırma süresi değişkenlerinin ısıtma-soğutma enerji tüketimi ile iç ortam CO2 konsantrasyonu üzerindeki bileşik etkilerini incelemektedir. İzmir ilinde yer alan konuta ait iç ve dış ortam ölçümleriyle doğrulanmış bir bina enerji simülasyon modeli DesignBuilder yazılımı kullanılarak geliştirilmiştir. Üç değişkenli 33 tam faktöriyel deney tasarımı uygulanarak, her değişkenin üç düzeyde tanımlandığı toplam 27 farklı kombinasyon simüle edilmiştir. Her senaryo için ANOVA ve regresyon analizleri yapılmış, değişkenlerin etkileri yönü ve istatistiksel anlamlılığı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, doğal havalandırma süresinin CO2 konsantrasyonu üzerindeki varyansın %94’ünden fazlasını açıklayarak en etkili parametre olduğunu, ayrıca enerji talebi üzerinde de en güçlü etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Pencere-duvar oranı, ısıtma ve soğutma yükleri üzerinde mevsimsel olarak zıt yönlü ancak anlamlı etkiler göstermiştir. Duvar albedosu ise enerji tüketimini etkilerken, iç ortam CO2 düzeyleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi gözlemlenmemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, pasif konut stratejilerinde tasarım ve kullanım parametrelerinin etkileşimli olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamakta; özellikle mekanik havalandırmanın bulunmadığı Akdeniz konutlarında enerji verimli ve sağlıklı iyileştirmeler için uygulamaya dönük öneriler sunmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca, iklim duyarlılığını öncelendiren tasarım kararlarında tam faktöriyel simülasyonların önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Doğal Havalandırma , Pencere-Duvar Oranı , Duvar Albedosu , CO2

A Full Factorial Analysis of Albedo, Window-to-Wall Ratio, and Ventilation on Energy Use and CO2 Concentration in a Mediterranean Apartment

Abstract

This study investigates the combined impact of wall albedo, window-to-wall ratio, and natural ventilation duration on heating and cooling energy demand and indoor CO2 concentration in a naturally ventilated, well-insulated apartment in Izmir, Türkiye. A validated building energy model was developed using DesignBuilder and calibrated with real indoor and outdoor measurements collected over a three-month period. A full factorial 33 design was applied to evaluate 27 combinations of the three variables. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression, were conducted to determine the significance and direction of each factor’s effects. Results revealed that natural ventilation duration was the most influential parameter, explaining over 94% of the variance in CO2 concentration and having the largest effect on energy demand. Window-to-wall ratio showed significant but seasonally opposing impacts on heating and cooling loads, while wall albedo affected energy demand but had no statistical effect on indoor CO2. The findings highlight the importance of considering design-operational interactions in passive residential strategies. The study offers practical recommendations for energy-efficient and health-conscious retrofits in Mediterranean housing, particularly where mechanical ventilation is absent, and supports the use of factorial simulations for informed decision-making in climate-sensitive design contexts.

Keywords

Natural Ventilation , Window-to-Wall Ratio , Wall Albedo , CO2

Ethical Statement

The materials and methods used in this study do not require ethical committee permission and/or legal-special permission.

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