Detection of Human Norovirus among Children with Gastroenteritis in Diyala Governorate

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 30.04.2020

Marwa Diraa Jalil İbrahim Al-ezzi Areej Hussein

Abstract

Background: Acute gastroenteritis remains a global public health problem and human noroviruses persist a cause of gastroenteritis.
Objectives: To determine the rate of human norovirus infections among children with gastroenteritis in Diyala governorate by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immuneochromatography, also to assess genogroup 1(GGI) and genogroup 2(GGII) by nested polymerase chain reaction among study population.
Patients and methods: Cross sectional study were carried out on 182 children under five years old with acute gastroenteritis who attended the emergency department of pediatrics in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baqubah city, during the period from 6th September 2018 till 4th of March 2019. Stool samples were collected from each participant and stored as frozen at -70 °C to use for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and quick qualitative immunochromatographic test, finally positive results for human norovirus was used for RNA extraction and nested polymerase chain reaction.
Results: The rate of human norovirus infection was 6.04%, most common among females 6 (54.55%). Age group (1-12) months showed highest frequency 8 (72.73%). The primary education of the mothers was noted in (54.55 %) followed by (18.18 %) for each secondary and higher education. Children with artificial milk feeding constituted (81.82%) and (18.18%) were mixed feeding, while no positive results recorded among children with breast feeding. The highest infection rate was noticed among patients used filtered and boiled water (54.54 %) followed by filtered water (27.28 %). Among clinical features caused by virus infection, abdominal pain constituted 11(100%), vomiting 10(90.09%), and nausea was noted in 7(63.63%). The results of nested polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that only one case was positive for human norovirus genogroup 2(GGII).
Conclusion: Human norovirus genogroup II appear to play a major role in acute gastroenteritis among children.

Keywords

Gastroenteritis, human norovirus, PCR

Supporting Institution

none

Project Number

174

Diyala Valiliğinde Gastroenteritli Çocuklarda İnsan Norovirüsünün Saptanması

Abstract

Amaçlar: Akut gastroenterit, küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam
etmektedir ve insan norovirüsleri, gastroenterit nedenidir. Diyala vilayetinde
gastroenteritli çocuklar arasında insan norovirüs enfeksiyonlarının
oranını enzim bağlantılı immünosorbent testi ve immünokromatografi
ile belirlemek, ayrıca çalışma popülasyonunda nested polimeraz zincir
reaksiyonu ile genogrup 1 (GGI) ve genogrup 2’yi (GGII) değerlendirmek.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 6 Eylül 2018 - 4 Eylül tarihleri arasında Bakuba ilinde
Al-Batool Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Eğitim Hastanesi pediatri acil servisine
başvuran 5 yaş altı 182 çocuk üzerinde kesitsel çalışma yapılmıştır. Her bir
katılımcıdan dışkı örnekleri toplandı ve enzime bağlı immünosorbent testi
(ELISA) ve hızlı kalitatif immünokromatografik test için kullanılmak üzere
-70 ° C’de dondurulmuş olarak saklandı, son olarak insan norovirüsü için
pozitif sonuçlar RNA ekstraksiyonu ve nested polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu
(PCR)için kullanıldı.
Bulgular: İnsan norovirüs enfeksiyonu oranı %6.04, en yaygın kızlarda 6
(%54.55) bulundu. 1-12 aylık yaş grubu en yüksek frekansı 8 (%72.73) gösterdi.
Annelerin eğitim düzeyi ilköğretim %54,55 olarak kaydedildi, ardından orta
öğretim %18,18 ve yüksek öğrenim için %18,18 izlendi. Formül mama
ile beslenenler çocukların %81,82’sini oluştururken,%18,18’inde karma
beslenme belirlenmiş, emzirilen çocuklarda norovirus saptanmamıştır. En
yüksek enfeksiyon oranı filtrelenmiş ve kaynatılmış su (%54,54) ve ardından
filtrelenmiş su (%27,28) kullanan hastalarda görüldü. Virüs enfeksiyonunun
neden olduğu klinik özellikler arasında karın ağrısı 11 (%100), kusma 10
(%90.09) ve bulantı 7 (%63.63) olarak belirlendi. Nested polimeraz zincir
reaksiyonunun sonuçları, insan norovirüs genogrup 2 (GGII) için yalnızca
bir vakanın pozitif olduğunu gösterdi.
Sonuç: İnsan norovirüs genogrup II’nin, çocuklar arasında akut
gastroenteritte önemli bir rol oynadığı görülmektedir.

Keywords

Gastroenterit, insan norovirüs, PCR, ELISA

Project Number

174

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