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Çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğine senkop ile başvuran olgularda kardiyak ipuçlarının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 46 - 52, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.1500684

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamızda çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğine senkop nedeni ile başvuran çocukların etiyolojilerine göre görülme oranlarının; ve özellikle kardiyak senkoplu olguları diğer olgulardan ayıran ip uçlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma üçüncü basamak üniversite hastanemiz çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğinde 01.01.2021 ile 01.06.2024 tarihleri arasında senkop tanısı konulan 5-17 yaşlarındaki 795 çocuğun bilgilerinin hastanemiz kayıt sistemindeki verilerinden elde edilmesiyle gerçekleştirildi. Hastanın kendisi ve ailesinin tıbbi öyküsü, senkobun görülme şekli, fizik muayene bulguları, 12 lead elektrokardiyografi (EKG), ekokardiyografi, 24 saatlik ritim holter ve egzersiz EKG kayıtları incelendi.
Bulgular: Kardiyak senkop 14.5% oranında (10.8% aritmi ve 3.7% yapısal kalp hastalığı) iken nonkardiyak senkop 85.5% (VVS 60.6 %, OH 18.6%, situational 1% ve 4.8% idiyopatik) olarak tespit edildi. Kardiyak senkopla en çok ilişkilendirilen durumlar; hastanın kendisinde aritmi-kalp hastalığı öyküsü bulunması, ailesinde genç yaşta ani ölüm öyküsü bulunması ve senkobun egzersiz-çarpıntı-göğüs ağrısı ile ilişkili olması idi. Ritim holter tetkikinin tanı koyma oranı düşük iken egzersiz EKG testinin ise yüksekti.
Sonuç: Ani ölüme neden olabildiği için kardiyak senkop tanısının konulması önem arz etmektedir. Şüphelenilen bütün hastalara standart 12 lead EKG, ekokardiyografi ve ritim holter tetkiki yapılmalı; seçilmiş olgulara da egzersiz EKG incelemesi, head-up tilt testi, genetik aritmi/kardiyomiyopati araştırmaları ve elektrofizyolojik çalışma uygulanmalıdır. Ayrıca atonik seizures ile başvuran olgulara EEG tetkiki esnasında eş zamanlı olarak EKG monitörizasyonu yapılması etiyolojinin aydınlatılması açısından oldukça faydalı olacaktır.

References

  • 1- Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018 Jun 1;39(21):1883-948. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037. PMID: 29562304.
  • 2- Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, Cohen MI, Forman DE, Goldberger ZD. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2017 Aug 1;136(5):e60-e122. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000499. Epub 2017 Mar 9. Erratum in: Circulation. 2017 Oct 17;136(16):e271-e272. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000537. PMID: 28280231.
  • 3- Hu E, Liu X, Chen Q, Wang C. Investigation on the Incidence of Syncope in Children and Adolescents Aged 2-18 Years in Changsha. Front Pediatr. 2021 Mar 22;9:638394. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.638394. PMID: 33829003; PMCID: PMC8019745.
  • 4- Cui Y, Liao Y, Zhang Q, Yan H, Liu P, Wang Y. Spectrum of underlying diseases in syncope and treatment of neurally-mediated syncope in children and adolescents over the past 30 years: A single center study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Nov 28;9:1017505. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1017505. PMID: 36518687; PMCID: PMC9742595.
  • 5- Zavala R, Metais B, Tuckfield L, DelVecchio M, Aronoff S. Pediatric Syncope: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Sep;36(9):442-5. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002149. PMID: 32530839; PMCID: PMC7469873.
  • 6- Landwehr K, Meyer S, Flotats-Bastardas M, Poryo M. Synkopenabklärung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Handeln wir gemäß der aktuellen Leitlinie? [Syncope in children and adolescents: are the current guidelines being followed?]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2021 May;171(7-8):157-64. German. doi: 10.1007/s10354-020-00798-3. Epub 2021 Jan 13. PMID: 33439378; PMCID: PMC8057999.
  • 7- Bozlu G, Durak F, Duman D, Karpuz D, Kömür M, Kılınç OH. Çocuk acil servise senkop nedeniyle getirilen 1020 olgunun geriye dönük değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniv Saglık Bilim Derg 2020;13(1):8-12. doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.631787
  • 8- Duras E, İrdem A, Körbeyli HK, Aygün F, Dursun H. Çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğine senkop nedeniyle başvuran olguların etiyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi. J Contemp Med 2018;8(4):345-9. DOI: 10.16899/gopctd.420597.
  • 9- Ganzeboom KS, Colman N, Reitsma JB, Shen WK, Wieling W. Prevalence and triggers of syncope in medical students. Am J Cardiol. (2003) 91:1006–8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00127-9
  • 10- Stewart JM, van Dijk JG, Balaji S, Sutton R. A framework to simplify paediatric syncope diagnosis. Eur J Pediatr. 2023 Nov;182(11):4771-80. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-05114-w. Epub 2023 Jul 20. PMID: 37470792; PMCID: PMC10640507.
  • 11- Francisco Pascual J, Jordan Marchite P, Rodríguez Silva J, Rivas Gándara N. Arrhythmic syncope: From diagnosis to management. World J Cardiol. 2023 Apr 26;15(4):119-41. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i4.119. PMID: 37124975; PMCID: PMC10130893.
  • 12- Yeom JS, Woo HO. Pediatric syncope: pearls and pitfalls in history taking. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023 Mar;66(3):88-97. doi: 10.3345/cep.2022.00451. Epub 2023 Feb 15. PMID: 36789491;

Evaluation of cardiac clues in patients admitted to pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic with syncope

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 46 - 52, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.1500684

Abstract

Background: In our study, we aimed to determine the incidence rates of children admitted to the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic with syncope according to their etiologies; and especially to reveal the clues that distinguish cardiac syncope cases from other cases.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by obtaining the information of 795 children aged 5-17 years who were diagnosed with syncope in the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic of our tertiary university hospital between 01.01.2021 and 01.06.2024 from the data in our hospital automation system. Medical history of the patient and his/her family, syncopal event, physical examination findings, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, 24-hour rhythm holter and exercise ECG records were analyzed.
Results: Cardiac syncope was 14.5% (10.8% arrhythmia and 3.7% structural heart disease) while noncardiac syncope was 85.5% (VVS 60.6%, OH 18.6%, situational 1% and 4.8% idiopathic). The most common conditions associated with cardiac syncope were a history of arrhythmia and heart disease, a family history of sudden death at a young age, and syncope associated with exercise-palpitations-chest pain. Rhythm holter test had a low diagnostic rate, while exercise ECG test had a high diagnostic rate.
Conclusion: It is important to diagnose cardiac syncope as it can cause sudden death. Standard 12-lead ECG, echocardiography and rhythm holter examination should be performed in all suspected patients; exercise ECG, head-up tilt test, genetic arrhythmia/cardiomyopathy investigations and electrophysiologic study should be performed in selected cases. In addition, simultaneous ECG monitoring during electroencephalography (EEG) examination in patients presenting with atonic seizures will be very useful in terms of clarifying the etiology.

References

  • 1- Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018 Jun 1;39(21):1883-948. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037. PMID: 29562304.
  • 2- Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, Cohen MI, Forman DE, Goldberger ZD. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2017 Aug 1;136(5):e60-e122. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000499. Epub 2017 Mar 9. Erratum in: Circulation. 2017 Oct 17;136(16):e271-e272. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000537. PMID: 28280231.
  • 3- Hu E, Liu X, Chen Q, Wang C. Investigation on the Incidence of Syncope in Children and Adolescents Aged 2-18 Years in Changsha. Front Pediatr. 2021 Mar 22;9:638394. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.638394. PMID: 33829003; PMCID: PMC8019745.
  • 4- Cui Y, Liao Y, Zhang Q, Yan H, Liu P, Wang Y. Spectrum of underlying diseases in syncope and treatment of neurally-mediated syncope in children and adolescents over the past 30 years: A single center study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Nov 28;9:1017505. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1017505. PMID: 36518687; PMCID: PMC9742595.
  • 5- Zavala R, Metais B, Tuckfield L, DelVecchio M, Aronoff S. Pediatric Syncope: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Sep;36(9):442-5. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002149. PMID: 32530839; PMCID: PMC7469873.
  • 6- Landwehr K, Meyer S, Flotats-Bastardas M, Poryo M. Synkopenabklärung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Handeln wir gemäß der aktuellen Leitlinie? [Syncope in children and adolescents: are the current guidelines being followed?]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2021 May;171(7-8):157-64. German. doi: 10.1007/s10354-020-00798-3. Epub 2021 Jan 13. PMID: 33439378; PMCID: PMC8057999.
  • 7- Bozlu G, Durak F, Duman D, Karpuz D, Kömür M, Kılınç OH. Çocuk acil servise senkop nedeniyle getirilen 1020 olgunun geriye dönük değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniv Saglık Bilim Derg 2020;13(1):8-12. doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.631787
  • 8- Duras E, İrdem A, Körbeyli HK, Aygün F, Dursun H. Çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğine senkop nedeniyle başvuran olguların etiyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi. J Contemp Med 2018;8(4):345-9. DOI: 10.16899/gopctd.420597.
  • 9- Ganzeboom KS, Colman N, Reitsma JB, Shen WK, Wieling W. Prevalence and triggers of syncope in medical students. Am J Cardiol. (2003) 91:1006–8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00127-9
  • 10- Stewart JM, van Dijk JG, Balaji S, Sutton R. A framework to simplify paediatric syncope diagnosis. Eur J Pediatr. 2023 Nov;182(11):4771-80. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-05114-w. Epub 2023 Jul 20. PMID: 37470792; PMCID: PMC10640507.
  • 11- Francisco Pascual J, Jordan Marchite P, Rodríguez Silva J, Rivas Gándara N. Arrhythmic syncope: From diagnosis to management. World J Cardiol. 2023 Apr 26;15(4):119-41. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i4.119. PMID: 37124975; PMCID: PMC10130893.
  • 12- Yeom JS, Woo HO. Pediatric syncope: pearls and pitfalls in history taking. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023 Mar;66(3):88-97. doi: 10.3345/cep.2022.00451. Epub 2023 Feb 15. PMID: 36789491;
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pediatric Cardiology
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Hakan Altın 0000-0002-4558-1887

Early Pub Date July 28, 2024
Publication Date July 31, 2024
Submission Date June 13, 2024
Acceptance Date July 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Altın H. Evaluation of cardiac clues in patients admitted to pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic with syncope. pediatr pract res. 2024;12(2):46-52.