Implementation Of The EU’s Normative Power In Armenia: Transformation Or Toleration?

Year 2020, Issue: 42, 103 - 121, 07.12.2020

Tutku Dilaver

Abstract

The European Union, with the need of ensuring its security, established relations with the newly independent countries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The method for providing the EU’s security was determined in the Common Foreign and Security Policy section in the Maastricht Treaty and extended with the European Neighborhood Policy. The imposition of EU values on EU’s neighbors forms the basis of these policies. By this way, it is thought that an environment of the lasting peace will be established. Ian Manners, who examined these policies, describes the EU as a normative power. According to him, the EU has the ability to change, transform, and Europeanize other countries.

Bilateral relations with Armenia started in 1991 and gained an institutional frame with the Partnership Agreement in 1999. However, neither PCA nor the Action Plan that was prepared for the implementation of PCA had the expected effect. Following the revising of the EU’s own foreign policy, the Eastern Partnership program was initiated, and Armenia was included this program. In 2017, the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement was signed. With this Agreement, the EU got a chance to act as a normative power in Armenia. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the EU as a normative power in Armenia. For this purpose, the 1999 Association Agreement, the Action Plan, the Country Progress Reports, the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement and finally the implementation reports of this agreement will be examined.

Keywords

European Union, Armenia, Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement, Normative Power Approach

AB’nin Ermenistan’daki Normatif Güç Uygulamaları: Dönüşüm Mü, Müsamaha Mı?

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği 1991 yılında dağılan Sovyetler Birliği’nin ardından bağımsızlığını ilan eden ülkelerle kendi güvenliğini sağlama ihtiyacına bağlı olarak ilişki kurmaya başlamıştır. AB’nin bu güvenlik ihtiyacını sağlamak için kullanılacak yöntem Maastricht Antlaşmasının Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikasında bölümünde benimsenmiş; Komşuluk Politikasıyla genişletilmiştir. Bu politikaların temelinde AB değerlerinin komşu ülkelere benimsetilmesi yatmaktadır. Bu şekilde kalıcı barış ortamının tesis edileceği düşünülmektedir. AB’nin bu politikalarından yola çıkan Ian Manners, AB’yi bir normatif güç olarak tanımlamıştır. Ona göre AB, diğer ülkeleri bu şekilde Avrupalılaştırmakta, değiştirmekte ve dönüştürmektedir.

Ermenistan ile 1991 yılında başlayan ikili ilişkiler 1999 yılında Ortaklık ve İşbiliği Anlaşmasının imzalanmasıyla kurumsal bir çerçeve kazanmıştır. Ancak ne Ortaklık anlaşması ne de Anlaşmanın uygulanabilmesi adına hazırlanan Eylem Planı, Ermenistan’ın AB’nin beklediği ilerlemeyi sağlamasına yaramamıştır. AB’nin kendi dış politikasını gözden geçirmesini takiben Doğu Ortaklığı programı başlatılmış ve Ermenistan’da bu programın içine alınmıştır. 2017 yılında Kapsamlı ve Genişletilmiş Ortaklık Anlaşması imzalanmıştır. Bu anlaşmayla AB Ermenistan’da normatif güç olarak varlığını sürdürebilecek bir ortam elde etmiştir. Makalenin amacı AB’nin Ermenistan’da uyguladığı politikalar üzerinden normatif bir güç olarak etkinliğinin ne olduğunu değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla 1999 Ortaklık Anlaşması, Eylem Planı, Ülke İlerleme Raporu, Genişletilmiş ve Kapsamlı Ortaklık Anlaşması ve son olarak bu anlaşmanın uygulama raporları incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği, Ermenistan, Kapsamlı ve Genişletilmiş Ortaklık Anlaşması, Normatif Güç Yaklaşımı

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