An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye

Cevat Gerni; Nazlı Gökçe; Harun Demir; Ömer Selçuk Emsen

An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye

Abstract

Absract It is of critical importance for Turkiye to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in order to reach the level of developed countries, and in this context, to orient its activities toward reducing the ecological footprint. In this regard, the ecological footprint is employed as an indicator of the extent to which the environment is demanded to sustain the existing economic consumption patterns of the population. In this study, the effects of variables that are often examined separately in the ecological footprint literature are modeled within an integrated framework for Turkiye, using data for the period 1984–2020, and analyzed through the Augmented ARDL approach. The findings indicate that per capita income exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on the ecological footprint in both the short and long run. Foreign trade is found to have a statistically significant negative impact on the ecological footprint in the short run, whereas its long-run effect is not statistically significant. Similarly, patent activity positively affects the ecological footprint in the short run, while no significant effect is detected in the long run. Urbanization is also found to increase the ecological footprint in the short run, although its long-run impact remains statistically insignificant. In contrast, renewable energy consumption significantly reduces the ecological footprint in the long run, while its short-run effect is not statistically significant. These findings underscore the importance of promoting environmentally sustainable production practices in Turkiye and strengthening policy frameworks that support renewable energy deployment and environmentally oriented innovation.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

During the writing process of the study “An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye ” scientific rules, ethical and citation rules were followed. No falsification was made on the collected data and this study was not sent to any other academic publication medium for evaluation.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Green Economy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Cevat Gerni
0000-0002-0214-3879
Türkiye

Nazlı Gökçe ^*
0000-0001-7215-8753
Türkiye

Harun Demir
0000-0001-7778-2897
Türkiye

Ömer Selçuk Emsen
0000-0002-1809-0513
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 29, 2026

Submission Date

April 29, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 103

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gerni, C., Gökçe, N., Demir, H., & Emsen, Ö. S. (2026). An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye. Reforma, 103, 16-26. https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE

AMA

1.Gerni C, Gökçe N, Demir H, Emsen ÖS. An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye. Reforma. 2026;(103):16-26. https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE

Chicago

Gerni, Cevat, Nazlı Gökçe, Harun Demir, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. 2026. “An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye”. Reforma, nos. 103: 16-26. https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE.

EndNote

Gerni C, Gökçe N, Demir H, Emsen ÖS (June 1, 2026) An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye. Reforma 103 16–26.

IEEE

[1]C. Gerni, N. Gökçe, H. Demir, and Ö. S. Emsen, “An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye”, Reforma, no. 103, pp. 16–26, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE

ISNAD

Gerni, Cevat - Gökçe, Nazlı - Demir, Harun - Emsen, Ömer Selçuk. “An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye”. Reforma. 103 (June 1, 2026): 16-26. https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE.

JAMA

1.Gerni C, Gökçe N, Demir H, Emsen ÖS. An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye. Reforma. 2026;:16–26.

MLA

Gerni, Cevat, et al. “An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye”. Reforma, no. 103, June 2026, pp. 16-26, https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE.

Vancouver

1.Cevat Gerni, Nazlı Gökçe, Harun Demir, Ömer Selçuk Emsen. An Investigation on the Economic Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Turkiye. Reforma [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;(103):16-2. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA55CW58CE