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Travma Bilgilendirilmiş Organizasyon : Travma Bilgilendirilmiş Örgüt Kültürü Yaratma Süreci

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 135 - 160, 01.01.2020

Abstract

Travma, kişilerin doğrudan yaşadığı ya da şahit olduğu olaylar karşısında ruhsal ve bedensel olarak etkilenmesini ifade etmektedir. Travmaya neden olay doğal felaketlerden cinsel tacize, şiddetten ihmale kadar her konuyu içerebilmektedir. Kişilerin ilgili travmatik olaydan etkilenmesi, biyopsikolojik özellikleri doğrultusunda bu olayı nasıl algıladığı ve anlamlandırdığı ile yakın ilişkilidir. Kişiler travma deneyimleri sonucunda travmatik stres tepkileri gösterirler. Tıpkı insanlar gibi organizasyonlar da travmadan olumsuz olarak etkilenmekte, stres tepkileri verebilmekte, bu nedenle travma organizasyonlar için de mücadele edilmesi gereken bir konu olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Organizasyonların travma etkilerinden korunabilmeleri ya da var olan travmaların iyileşebilmesi için travma bilgilendirilmiş örgüt kültürü sürecini yaratmaları/geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Travma bilgilendirilmiş örgüt kültürünün gelişimi, organizasyonun çalışanından yönetime tüm düzeylerine etki eden, travmayı anlamak ve travmadan etkilenen kişilerin iyileşerek özelliklerini geri kazanabilmelerine yardım etmek amacı ile oluşturulan planlı bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada, travma bilgilendirilmiş organizasyon kavramı ve örgüt kültürü yaratma süreci incelenmekte, travma bilgilendirilmiş organizasyon olabilmek için aşamaları açıklayan bir süreç önerisine yer verilmektedir

References

  • Baker, C.N, Brown, S.M, Wilcox, P.D., Overstreet, S.&Arora, P. (2015). Development and psychometric evaluation of the attitudes related to trauma-informed care (ARTIC) scale. School Mental Health. 8.1: 61-76.
  • Bloom, S. (2006). Organizational Stress as a Barrier to Trauma-Sensitive Change and Systems Transformation. CommunityWorks. http://www.sanctuaryweb.com/Portals/0/Bloom%20Pubs/2010%20Bloom%20Organizatio nal%20Stress%20as%20a%20Barrier%20to%20Trauma%20Chapter.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi : 02.11.2019)
  • Bloom, S. (2013). The sanctuary model: A best-practices approach to organizational change. V. L. Vandiver (Ed.), Best practices in community mental health: A pocket guide içinde. Chicago, IL, US: Lyceum Books.
  • Bloom, S. L. (2007). The Sanctuary Model of Trauma-Informed Organizational Change, The National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center. 16(1): 12-14.
  • Bloom, S. L. (2010). Sanctuary: An operating system for living organizations. In N. Tehrani (Ed.), Managing trauma in the workplace – supporting workers and the organisation. London: Routledge.
  • Bloom, S. L. (2011). The Sanctuary Model. http://www.sanctuaryweb.com/traumainformedsystems.php adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi : 05.11.2019)
  • Bloom, S. L. (2013). The sanctuary model. J. D. Ford & C. A. Courtois (Edt.). Treating complex traumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents: Scientific foundations and therapeutic models içinde. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • Dalenberg, C. J., Straus, E., & Carlson, E. B. (2017). Defining trauma. APA handbook of trauma psychology: Foundations in knowledge içinde. Vol. 1, s. 15-33. American Psychological Association.
  • De Klerk, M. (2007). Healing emotional trauma in organizations: An OD framework and case study. Organization Development Journal, 25(2).
  • Esaki, N., Benamati, J., Yanosy, S., Middleton, J. S., Hopson, L. M., Hummer, V. L., & Bloom, S. L. (2013). The sanctuary model: Theoretical framework. Families in society. 94(2), 87-95.
  • Gerrity, E., & Folcarelli, C. (2008). Child traumatic stress: What every policymaker should know. National Child Traumatic Stress Network website.
  • https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//child_traumatic_stress_what_policy makers_should_know.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi : 02.11.2019)
  • Guarino, K. (2017). Becoming Trauma-Informed: Moving Organizations from Awareness to Action. Spring Virtual Training, American Institutes for Research.
  • Handran, J. (2013). Trauma-informed organizational culture: The prevention, reduction, and treatment of compassion fatigue. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Colorado State University Libraries .
  • Harris, M. & Fallot, R. (Edt.). (2001). Using trauma theory to design service systems. New directions for mental health services. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Herman, J.L. (1997). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence-From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books.
  • Hodas, G. R. (2006). Responding to childhood trauma: The promise and practice of trauma informed care. Pennsylvania Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services.
  • http://www.childrescuebill.org/VictimsOfAbuse/RespondingHodas.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 08.11.2019).
  • Hodgdon, H. B., Kinniburgh, K., Gabowitz, D., Blaustein, M. E., & Spinazzola, J. (2013). Development and implementation of trauma-informed programming in youth residential treatment centers using the ARC framework. Journal of Family Violence. 28(7), 679-692.
  • Hopper,K, Bassuk, E.L, & Olivet, J. (2010). Shelter from the storm: Trauma-informed care in homelessness services settings. The Open Health Services and Policy Journal. 3(1).
  • Hormann, S. D. L. (2007). Organizational trauma: A phenomenological study of leaders in traumatized organizations. Dissertations& Theses, PhD Program in Leadership and Change. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Antioch University.
  • Hormann, S. L., & Vivian, P. (2013). Organizational trauma and healing, South Carolina: CreateSpace. Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Hormann, S. & Vivian, P. (2005). Toward an understanding of traumatized organizations and how to intervene in them. Traumatology. 11(3), 159-169.
  • Hummer, V. L., Dollard, N., Robst, J., Armstrong, M. I. (2010). Innovations in implementation of trauma-informed care practices in youth residential treatment: A curriculum for organizational change. Child Welfare. 89(2), 79–95.
  • Işık, I. (2006). Örgütlerde bireysel ve kolektif travmaya neden olan olayların taksonomisi. 4. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi. 4-5 Kasım 2016. Adana Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
  • Kahn, W. A. (2003). The revelation of organizational trauma. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 39(4), 364-380.
  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 criteria. Journal of traumatic stress. 26(5), 537-547.
  • Kinoglu, S, Nelson-Dusek, S. & Skrypek, M. (2017). Creating a Trauma-Informed Organization Literature Review for Volunteers of America. Wilder Foundation Resarch. Saint Paul, Minnesota.
  • https://www.wilder.org/sites/default/files/imports/VOA_TraumaReport_1-17.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)
  • Leading Age Maryland(2019). Implementing Trauma-Informed Care: A Guidebook. Publication of the Leading Age Maryland. Baltimore, USA.
  • https://leadingage.org/sites/default/files/RFA%20Guidebook.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)
  • Özen, Y. (2019). Psikolojik travmanin insanlik kadar eski tarihi. The Journal of Social Science. 3(5), 362-375.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA]. (2014a).
  • SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach (HHS Publication No. SMA 14-4884). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content/SMA14-4884/SMA14-4884.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019).
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA]. (2014b). Trauma-informed care in behavioral health services. Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) series 57 (HHS Publication No. SMA 13-4801). Rockville, MD: Author.
  • https://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content/SMA14-4816/SMA14-4816.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)
  • SAMSHA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (2014).Treatment Improvement Protocol Trauma-Informed Care in Behaioral Health Service, TIP, 57, 1- 319. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/clinical-practice/SAMSA_TIP_Trauma.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 08.11.2019).
  • Schein, E. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Schein, Edgar H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Stein, M. (2005). Urban Bombing: A Trauma Surgeon’s Perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. 94(4), 286–292.
  • Steinkamp, M. ( 2014). Behind the Masks of Silence: How Leaders Can Overcome Organizational Trauma. Executive Master in Consulting and Coaching for Change. Yayınlanmamış Master Tezi. Fontainebleau.
  • Venugopal, V. (2016). Understanding Organizational Trauma: A Background Review of Types and Causes. IOSR Journal of Business and Management. Volume 18, Issue 10, I65-69.
  • Vivian, P.& Hormann, S. (2002). Trauma and Healing in Organizations, OD Practitioner. 34 (4).
  • Vivian, P., Cox, K., Hormann, S. & Murphy-Kangas, S. (2017). Healing Traumatized Organizations. OD Practitioner. 49(4), 45-51.
  • Vivian, P., Cox, K., Hormann, S., & Murphy-Kangas, S. (2017). Healing Traumatized Organizations. OD Practitioner. 49(4), 45-51.
  • Yatchmenoff, D.K., Sundborg, S.A. & Davis, M.A. (2017). Implementing TraumaInformed Care: Recommendations on the Process, Advances in Social Work Vol. 18 No. 1, 167-185.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2007). Yardım Çalışanlarında Travmatik Stres. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 10(3).

Trauma Informed Organization: The Process of Creating A Trauma-Informed Organizational Culture

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 135 - 160, 01.01.2020

Abstract

Trauma refers to the mental and physical impact of the events that have been experienced or witnessed by people. The event that causes trauma can include any subject such as natural disasters, sexual harassment, violence, or neglect. People affected by the respective traumatic event are closely related to the way they perceive and make sense of this event in line with their bio-psychological characteristics. People experience traumatic stress reactions as a result of their experience of trauma. Similar to people, organizations can be negatively affected by trauma that can cause stress, therefore trauma is considered as an issue that should be tackled for organizations as well. Organizations need to create/develop a trauma-informed organization culture process to protect themselves from the effects of trauma or to cure existing traumas. The development of trauma-informed organizational culture is a planned process that affects all layers of the organization from each employee to the management, to be created with the aim of understanding the trauma and helping the people affected by the trauma to recover their strains. In this study, the concept of the trauma-informed organization and creating the culture are examined, as well as a process proposal explaining the stages to become a trauma-informed organization is included

References

  • Baker, C.N, Brown, S.M, Wilcox, P.D., Overstreet, S.&Arora, P. (2015). Development and psychometric evaluation of the attitudes related to trauma-informed care (ARTIC) scale. School Mental Health. 8.1: 61-76.
  • Bloom, S. (2006). Organizational Stress as a Barrier to Trauma-Sensitive Change and Systems Transformation. CommunityWorks. http://www.sanctuaryweb.com/Portals/0/Bloom%20Pubs/2010%20Bloom%20Organizatio nal%20Stress%20as%20a%20Barrier%20to%20Trauma%20Chapter.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi : 02.11.2019)
  • Bloom, S. (2013). The sanctuary model: A best-practices approach to organizational change. V. L. Vandiver (Ed.), Best practices in community mental health: A pocket guide içinde. Chicago, IL, US: Lyceum Books.
  • Bloom, S. L. (2007). The Sanctuary Model of Trauma-Informed Organizational Change, The National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center. 16(1): 12-14.
  • Bloom, S. L. (2010). Sanctuary: An operating system for living organizations. In N. Tehrani (Ed.), Managing trauma in the workplace – supporting workers and the organisation. London: Routledge.
  • Bloom, S. L. (2011). The Sanctuary Model. http://www.sanctuaryweb.com/traumainformedsystems.php adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi : 05.11.2019)
  • Bloom, S. L. (2013). The sanctuary model. J. D. Ford & C. A. Courtois (Edt.). Treating complex traumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents: Scientific foundations and therapeutic models içinde. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • Dalenberg, C. J., Straus, E., & Carlson, E. B. (2017). Defining trauma. APA handbook of trauma psychology: Foundations in knowledge içinde. Vol. 1, s. 15-33. American Psychological Association.
  • De Klerk, M. (2007). Healing emotional trauma in organizations: An OD framework and case study. Organization Development Journal, 25(2).
  • Esaki, N., Benamati, J., Yanosy, S., Middleton, J. S., Hopson, L. M., Hummer, V. L., & Bloom, S. L. (2013). The sanctuary model: Theoretical framework. Families in society. 94(2), 87-95.
  • Gerrity, E., & Folcarelli, C. (2008). Child traumatic stress: What every policymaker should know. National Child Traumatic Stress Network website.
  • https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//child_traumatic_stress_what_policy makers_should_know.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi : 02.11.2019)
  • Guarino, K. (2017). Becoming Trauma-Informed: Moving Organizations from Awareness to Action. Spring Virtual Training, American Institutes for Research.
  • Handran, J. (2013). Trauma-informed organizational culture: The prevention, reduction, and treatment of compassion fatigue. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Colorado State University Libraries .
  • Harris, M. & Fallot, R. (Edt.). (2001). Using trauma theory to design service systems. New directions for mental health services. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Herman, J.L. (1997). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence-From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books.
  • Hodas, G. R. (2006). Responding to childhood trauma: The promise and practice of trauma informed care. Pennsylvania Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services.
  • http://www.childrescuebill.org/VictimsOfAbuse/RespondingHodas.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 08.11.2019).
  • Hodgdon, H. B., Kinniburgh, K., Gabowitz, D., Blaustein, M. E., & Spinazzola, J. (2013). Development and implementation of trauma-informed programming in youth residential treatment centers using the ARC framework. Journal of Family Violence. 28(7), 679-692.
  • Hopper,K, Bassuk, E.L, & Olivet, J. (2010). Shelter from the storm: Trauma-informed care in homelessness services settings. The Open Health Services and Policy Journal. 3(1).
  • Hormann, S. D. L. (2007). Organizational trauma: A phenomenological study of leaders in traumatized organizations. Dissertations& Theses, PhD Program in Leadership and Change. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Antioch University.
  • Hormann, S. L., & Vivian, P. (2013). Organizational trauma and healing, South Carolina: CreateSpace. Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Hormann, S. & Vivian, P. (2005). Toward an understanding of traumatized organizations and how to intervene in them. Traumatology. 11(3), 159-169.
  • Hummer, V. L., Dollard, N., Robst, J., Armstrong, M. I. (2010). Innovations in implementation of trauma-informed care practices in youth residential treatment: A curriculum for organizational change. Child Welfare. 89(2), 79–95.
  • Işık, I. (2006). Örgütlerde bireysel ve kolektif travmaya neden olan olayların taksonomisi. 4. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi. 4-5 Kasım 2016. Adana Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
  • Kahn, W. A. (2003). The revelation of organizational trauma. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 39(4), 364-380.
  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 criteria. Journal of traumatic stress. 26(5), 537-547.
  • Kinoglu, S, Nelson-Dusek, S. & Skrypek, M. (2017). Creating a Trauma-Informed Organization Literature Review for Volunteers of America. Wilder Foundation Resarch. Saint Paul, Minnesota.
  • https://www.wilder.org/sites/default/files/imports/VOA_TraumaReport_1-17.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)
  • Leading Age Maryland(2019). Implementing Trauma-Informed Care: A Guidebook. Publication of the Leading Age Maryland. Baltimore, USA.
  • https://leadingage.org/sites/default/files/RFA%20Guidebook.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)
  • Özen, Y. (2019). Psikolojik travmanin insanlik kadar eski tarihi. The Journal of Social Science. 3(5), 362-375.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA]. (2014a).
  • SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach (HHS Publication No. SMA 14-4884). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content/SMA14-4884/SMA14-4884.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019).
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA]. (2014b). Trauma-informed care in behavioral health services. Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) series 57 (HHS Publication No. SMA 13-4801). Rockville, MD: Author.
  • https://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content/SMA14-4816/SMA14-4816.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)
  • SAMSHA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (2014).Treatment Improvement Protocol Trauma-Informed Care in Behaioral Health Service, TIP, 57, 1- 319. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/clinical-practice/SAMSA_TIP_Trauma.pdf adresinden erişildi. ( Erişim Tarihi: 08.11.2019).
  • Schein, E. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Schein, Edgar H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Stein, M. (2005). Urban Bombing: A Trauma Surgeon’s Perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. 94(4), 286–292.
  • Steinkamp, M. ( 2014). Behind the Masks of Silence: How Leaders Can Overcome Organizational Trauma. Executive Master in Consulting and Coaching for Change. Yayınlanmamış Master Tezi. Fontainebleau.
  • Venugopal, V. (2016). Understanding Organizational Trauma: A Background Review of Types and Causes. IOSR Journal of Business and Management. Volume 18, Issue 10, I65-69.
  • Vivian, P.& Hormann, S. (2002). Trauma and Healing in Organizations, OD Practitioner. 34 (4).
  • Vivian, P., Cox, K., Hormann, S. & Murphy-Kangas, S. (2017). Healing Traumatized Organizations. OD Practitioner. 49(4), 45-51.
  • Vivian, P., Cox, K., Hormann, S., & Murphy-Kangas, S. (2017). Healing Traumatized Organizations. OD Practitioner. 49(4), 45-51.
  • Yatchmenoff, D.K., Sundborg, S.A. & Davis, M.A. (2017). Implementing TraumaInformed Care: Recommendations on the Process, Advances in Social Work Vol. 18 No. 1, 167-185.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2007). Yardım Çalışanlarında Travmatik Stres. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 10(3).
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşen Temel Eğinli This is me

Şenel Karaman This is me

Ayşe Narin

Publication Date January 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE A. T. Eğinli, Ş. Karaman, and A. Narin, “Travma Bilgilendirilmiş Organizasyon : Travma Bilgilendirilmiş Örgüt Kültürü Yaratma Süreci”, Researcher, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 135–160, 2020.

The journal "Researcher: Social Sciences Studies" (RSSS), which started its publication life in 2013, continues its activities under the name of "Researcher" as of August 2020, under Ankara Bilim University.
It is an internationally indexed, nationally refereed, scientific and electronic journal that publishes original research articles aiming to contribute to the fields of Engineering and Science in 2021 and beyond.
The journal is published twice a year, except for special issues.
Candidate articles submitted for publication in the journal can be written in Turkish and English. Articles submitted to the journal must not have been previously published in another journal or sent to another journal for publication.