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Yabancı Dil Öğrenmede Yazma Kaygısının Nedenleri, Etkileri ve Başetme Yolları

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 62 - 79, 01.01.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yabancı dilde yazma kaygısının nedenlerinin, yazma becerisi üzerine etkilerinin ve yazma kaygısı ile baş edebilme yollarının ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmada araştırma yöntemi olarak, doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yararlanılan kaynaklar, çoğunlukla yabancı alanyazın üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Çalışmada yabancı dilde yazma kaygısına ilişkin öne çıkan sonuçlar şunlardır. 1- Yaşamın bir parçası olan kaygı, geniş anlamda tüm öğrenmeöğretme süreçlerini, yabancı dil ve yabancı dilde yazma süreçlerini etkileyen bir duygu durumudur. 2- Kaygının yabancı dilde yazma becerisi üzerinde hem olumlu hem olumsuz etkileri vardır. Fakat bu etki çoğunlukla olumsuz yöndedir. 3- Yazma kaygısını etkileyen pek çok etken vardır. Bunlardan başta gelenleri, yeterli düzeyde dilbilgisi ve kelime bilgisine sahip olma, bireyin kendine olan güveni ve yazma yeterliliklerine olan inancı, öğrencilerin geçmiş deneyimleri, zaman baskısı, yazma konusu ve değerlendirme süreci olduğu söylenebilir

References

  • Abu Shawish, J. I., ve Abdelraheem, M. A. (2010). An investigation of Palestinian EFL majors' writing apprehension: Causes and remedies. (Eric Doküman Numarası: ED512894) https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED512894.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.08.2018)
  • Al-Sawalha, A. M. S., ve Chow, T. V. F. (2012). The effects of writing apprehension in English on the writing process of Jordanian EFL students at Yarmouk University. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 1(1), 6-14.
  • Al-Shboul, Y. ve Huwari, I. F. (2015). The causes of writing apprehension through students’ perspective. Journal of Language Teaching adn Researc. 6(3), 535-544.
  • Alpert, R. ve Haber, R. N. (1960). Anxiety in academic achievement situations. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(2), 207-215.
  • Ateş, S. (2013). Foreign language writing anxiety of prospective EFL teachers: How to reduce their anxiety levels. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Başkent Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Bekleyen, N. (2004). The influence of teachers and peers on foreign language classroom anxiety. Dil Dergisi, 123, 49-66.
  • Cheng, Y. S. (2002). Factors associated with foreign language writing anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 35(5), 647-656.
  • Cheng, Y. S. (2004). EFL students’ writing anxiety: Sources and implications. English Teaching & Learning, 29(2), 41-62.
  • Cheng, Y. H., Horwitz, E. K. ve Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49(3), 417-446.
  • Choi, S. (2013). Language anxiety in second language writing: Is it really a stumbling block?. Second Language Studies, 31(2), 1-42.
  • Daly, J.A., ve Miller, M.D. (1975). The empirical development of an ınstrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242-249.
  • Daly, J. A., ve Wilson, D. A. (1983). Writing apprehension, self-esteem, and personality. Research in the Teaching of English, 17(4), 327-341.
  • Dracopoulos, E. ve Pichette, F. (2011). Second language writing anxiety, computer anxiety, and performance in a classroom versus a web-based environment. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 101-117.
  • Faigley, L., Daly, J. A., &Witte, S. P. (1981). The role of writing apprehension in writing performance and competence. The Journal of Educational Research, 75(1), 16-21.
  • Genç, H. E. (2017). The second language writing anxiety: The perceıved sources and consequences. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Hassan, B. A. (2001). The Relationship between Writing Apprehension and Self-Esteem to the Writing Quality and Quantity of EFL University Students, (Eric Doküman Numarası 459671). https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED459671 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2018)
  • Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B., ve Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
  • Hyland, F. (1998). The impact of teacher-written feedback on individual writers. Journal of Second Language Writing, 7(3), 255-286.
  • Hyland, K. (2003). Second language writing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jebreil, N., Azizifar, A., Gowhary, H., ve Jamalinesari, A. (2015). Study on writing anxiety among Iranian EFL students. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 4(2), 68-72.
  • Kara, S. (2013). Writing anxiety: A case study on students’ reasons for anxiety in writing classes. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 3(1), 103-111.
  • Lee, S. Y. (2005). Facilitating and ınhibiting factors in English as a foreign language writing performance: A model testing with structural equation modeling. Language Learning, 55(2), 335-374.
  • Lin, G. H. C. ve Ho, M. M. S. (2009). An exploration into foreign language writing anxiety from Taiwanese university students' perspectives. NCUE Fourth Annual Conference on Language, Teaching, Literature, Linguistics, Translations and Interpretation. https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED506178.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2018)
  • MacIntyre, P.D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning? A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. The Modern Language Journal, 79(1), 90-99.
  • MacIntyre, P.D., ve Gardner, R.C. (1991a). Investigating language class anxiety using the focused essay technique. The Modern Language Journal, 75(3), 296-304.
  • MacIntyre, P.D., ve Gardner, R.C. (1991b). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41(1), 85-117.
  • MacIntyre, P.D., ve Gardner, R.C. (1991c). Language anxiety: Its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513-534.
  • MacIntyre, P.D. ve Gardner, R.C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44(2), 283-305.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Noels, K. A., ve Clément, R. (1997). Biases in self‐ratings of second language proficiency: The role of language anxiety. Language Learning, 47(2), 265-287.
  • Masny, D. ve Foxall, J. (1992). Writing apprehension in L2. (Eric Document No: ED352844). https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2018)
  • Negari, G. M. ve Rezaabadi, O. T. (2012). Too nervous to write? The relationship between anxiety and EFL writing. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(12), 2578-2586.
  • Özdemir, E. ve Gür, H. (2011). Matematik kaygısı-endişesi ölçeğinin (MKEÖ) geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(161), 39-50.
  • Öztürk, G. ve Saydam, D. (2014). Anxiety and self-efficacy in foreign language writing. The case in Turkey. Başkent University Journal of Education, 1(2), 10-21.
  • Poff, S. I. (2004). Regimentation. A Predictor of Writer's Block and Writing Apprehension. Doktora Tezi. Güney Kaliforniya Üniversitesi. (UMI Numarası: 3155461).
  • Qashoa, S. H. H. (2014). English writing anxiety: Alleviating strategies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 59-65.
  • Rahim, S. A., Jaganathan, P., ve Mahadi, T. S. T. (2016). An investigation on the effects of writing anxiety on readiness of writing among low proficiency undergraduates. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 5, 11-20.
  • Rankin-Brown, M. (2006). Addressing Writing Apprehension in Adult English Language Learners. CATESOL State Conference Bildiri Kitabı, Kaliforniya, USA.
  • Reeves, L. L. (1997). Minimizing writing apprehension in the learner-centered classroom. English Journal, 86(6), 38-45.
  • Riasati, M. J. (2011). Language learning anxiety from EFL learner’s perspective. Middle- East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(6), 907-914.
  • Sarason, I.G., ve Sarason, B.R. (1990). Test anxiety. H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of Social and Evaluation Anxiety (s. 475-495). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Smith, M. W. (1984). Reducing Writing Apprehension. (Eric Doküman No: ED243112) https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED243112.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 09.09.2018)
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Anxiety: current trends in theory and research. New York: Academic Press. Türks.//www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.05.2013) (2018). Büyük Türkçe Sözlük.
  • http, Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (10. Basım). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zerey, Ö. G. (2013). Pre-service EFL teachers’ foreign language writing anxiety: Some associated factors. Dil Dergisi, 160, 42-65.
  • Zhang, H. (2011). A study on ESL writing anxiety among Chinese English majors: Causes, effects and coping strategies for ESL writing anxiety. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kristianstad Üniversitesi.
  • Zhang, R. ve Zhong, J. (2012). The hindrance of doubt: Causes of language anxiety. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(3), 27-33.
  • Zhanibek, A. (2001). The relationship between language anxiety and students' participation in foreign language classes. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bilkent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.

The Causes and Effects of Writing Anxiety on Foreign Language Learning and Coping with It

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 62 - 79, 01.01.2020

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the causes of foreign language writing anxiety, its effects on writing skill and what can be done to reduce the writing anxiety. In the current study, as a research method document analysis was used. Sources used as data collection tools were mostly based on foreign literature. The main results about the foreign language writing anxiety in this study are as follows: 1- Anxiety as a part of life is an emotional state that affects all learning and teaching processes in a broad sense, and affects foreign language and foreign language writing learning processes. 2Anxiety has both positive and negative effects on foreign language writing skill. However, this effect is mostly negative. 3- There are many factors that affect writing anxiety. The main factors are about having sufficient grammar and vocabulary knowledge, self-confidence and beliefs in writing skill, students' past experiences, time pressure, writing topic and evaluation process

References

  • Abu Shawish, J. I., ve Abdelraheem, M. A. (2010). An investigation of Palestinian EFL majors' writing apprehension: Causes and remedies. (Eric Doküman Numarası: ED512894) https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED512894.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.08.2018)
  • Al-Sawalha, A. M. S., ve Chow, T. V. F. (2012). The effects of writing apprehension in English on the writing process of Jordanian EFL students at Yarmouk University. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 1(1), 6-14.
  • Al-Shboul, Y. ve Huwari, I. F. (2015). The causes of writing apprehension through students’ perspective. Journal of Language Teaching adn Researc. 6(3), 535-544.
  • Alpert, R. ve Haber, R. N. (1960). Anxiety in academic achievement situations. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(2), 207-215.
  • Ateş, S. (2013). Foreign language writing anxiety of prospective EFL teachers: How to reduce their anxiety levels. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Başkent Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Bekleyen, N. (2004). The influence of teachers and peers on foreign language classroom anxiety. Dil Dergisi, 123, 49-66.
  • Cheng, Y. S. (2002). Factors associated with foreign language writing anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 35(5), 647-656.
  • Cheng, Y. S. (2004). EFL students’ writing anxiety: Sources and implications. English Teaching & Learning, 29(2), 41-62.
  • Cheng, Y. H., Horwitz, E. K. ve Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49(3), 417-446.
  • Choi, S. (2013). Language anxiety in second language writing: Is it really a stumbling block?. Second Language Studies, 31(2), 1-42.
  • Daly, J.A., ve Miller, M.D. (1975). The empirical development of an ınstrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242-249.
  • Daly, J. A., ve Wilson, D. A. (1983). Writing apprehension, self-esteem, and personality. Research in the Teaching of English, 17(4), 327-341.
  • Dracopoulos, E. ve Pichette, F. (2011). Second language writing anxiety, computer anxiety, and performance in a classroom versus a web-based environment. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 101-117.
  • Faigley, L., Daly, J. A., &Witte, S. P. (1981). The role of writing apprehension in writing performance and competence. The Journal of Educational Research, 75(1), 16-21.
  • Genç, H. E. (2017). The second language writing anxiety: The perceıved sources and consequences. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Hassan, B. A. (2001). The Relationship between Writing Apprehension and Self-Esteem to the Writing Quality and Quantity of EFL University Students, (Eric Doküman Numarası 459671). https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED459671 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2018)
  • Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B., ve Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
  • Hyland, F. (1998). The impact of teacher-written feedback on individual writers. Journal of Second Language Writing, 7(3), 255-286.
  • Hyland, K. (2003). Second language writing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jebreil, N., Azizifar, A., Gowhary, H., ve Jamalinesari, A. (2015). Study on writing anxiety among Iranian EFL students. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 4(2), 68-72.
  • Kara, S. (2013). Writing anxiety: A case study on students’ reasons for anxiety in writing classes. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 3(1), 103-111.
  • Lee, S. Y. (2005). Facilitating and ınhibiting factors in English as a foreign language writing performance: A model testing with structural equation modeling. Language Learning, 55(2), 335-374.
  • Lin, G. H. C. ve Ho, M. M. S. (2009). An exploration into foreign language writing anxiety from Taiwanese university students' perspectives. NCUE Fourth Annual Conference on Language, Teaching, Literature, Linguistics, Translations and Interpretation. https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED506178.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2018)
  • MacIntyre, P.D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning? A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. The Modern Language Journal, 79(1), 90-99.
  • MacIntyre, P.D., ve Gardner, R.C. (1991a). Investigating language class anxiety using the focused essay technique. The Modern Language Journal, 75(3), 296-304.
  • MacIntyre, P.D., ve Gardner, R.C. (1991b). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41(1), 85-117.
  • MacIntyre, P.D., ve Gardner, R.C. (1991c). Language anxiety: Its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513-534.
  • MacIntyre, P.D. ve Gardner, R.C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44(2), 283-305.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Noels, K. A., ve Clément, R. (1997). Biases in self‐ratings of second language proficiency: The role of language anxiety. Language Learning, 47(2), 265-287.
  • Masny, D. ve Foxall, J. (1992). Writing apprehension in L2. (Eric Document No: ED352844). https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2018)
  • Negari, G. M. ve Rezaabadi, O. T. (2012). Too nervous to write? The relationship between anxiety and EFL writing. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(12), 2578-2586.
  • Özdemir, E. ve Gür, H. (2011). Matematik kaygısı-endişesi ölçeğinin (MKEÖ) geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(161), 39-50.
  • Öztürk, G. ve Saydam, D. (2014). Anxiety and self-efficacy in foreign language writing. The case in Turkey. Başkent University Journal of Education, 1(2), 10-21.
  • Poff, S. I. (2004). Regimentation. A Predictor of Writer's Block and Writing Apprehension. Doktora Tezi. Güney Kaliforniya Üniversitesi. (UMI Numarası: 3155461).
  • Qashoa, S. H. H. (2014). English writing anxiety: Alleviating strategies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 59-65.
  • Rahim, S. A., Jaganathan, P., ve Mahadi, T. S. T. (2016). An investigation on the effects of writing anxiety on readiness of writing among low proficiency undergraduates. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 5, 11-20.
  • Rankin-Brown, M. (2006). Addressing Writing Apprehension in Adult English Language Learners. CATESOL State Conference Bildiri Kitabı, Kaliforniya, USA.
  • Reeves, L. L. (1997). Minimizing writing apprehension in the learner-centered classroom. English Journal, 86(6), 38-45.
  • Riasati, M. J. (2011). Language learning anxiety from EFL learner’s perspective. Middle- East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(6), 907-914.
  • Sarason, I.G., ve Sarason, B.R. (1990). Test anxiety. H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of Social and Evaluation Anxiety (s. 475-495). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Smith, M. W. (1984). Reducing Writing Apprehension. (Eric Doküman No: ED243112) https, s.//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED243112.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 09.09.2018)
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Anxiety: current trends in theory and research. New York: Academic Press. Türks.//www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.05.2013) (2018). Büyük Türkçe Sözlük.
  • http, Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (10. Basım). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zerey, Ö. G. (2013). Pre-service EFL teachers’ foreign language writing anxiety: Some associated factors. Dil Dergisi, 160, 42-65.
  • Zhang, H. (2011). A study on ESL writing anxiety among Chinese English majors: Causes, effects and coping strategies for ESL writing anxiety. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kristianstad Üniversitesi.
  • Zhang, R. ve Zhong, J. (2012). The hindrance of doubt: Causes of language anxiety. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(3), 27-33.
  • Zhanibek, A. (2001). The relationship between language anxiety and students' participation in foreign language classes. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bilkent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hilal İlhan This is me

Ömer Faruk Tutkun This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

IEEE H. İlhan and Ö. F. Tutkun, “Yabancı Dil Öğrenmede Yazma Kaygısının Nedenleri, Etkileri ve Başetme Yolları”, Researcher, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 62–79, 2020.

The journal "Researcher: Social Sciences Studies" (RSSS), which started its publication life in 2013, continues its activities under the name of "Researcher" as of August 2020, under Ankara Bilim University.
It is an internationally indexed, nationally refereed, scientific and electronic journal that publishes original research articles aiming to contribute to the fields of Engineering and Science in 2021 and beyond.
The journal is published twice a year, except for special issues.
Candidate articles submitted for publication in the journal can be written in Turkish and English. Articles submitted to the journal must not have been previously published in another journal or sent to another journal for publication.