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Akut Şok ve Kronik Stresler Karşısında Kentsel Dayanıklılık & Sürdürülebilir Dayanıklılık Yaklaşımı

Year 2020, , 323 - 345, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.796942

Abstract

Kentlerin; çözülmesi gereken meseleleri halletmesi, gelişimi önünde engel oluşturan bariyerleri aşması ve sorun temelli riskleri yönetmesi sürdürülebilir gelişimi için çok önemlidir. Ne ile baş etmek zorunda olduğunu bilen ve ne ye karşı dayanıklı olması gerektiğini öngören kentler, geleceklerini tercihleri doğrultusunda şekillendirip, olması gerektiği gibi yönlendirebilir. Afet tehlikeleri (doğa olayları ve iklim değişikliği kaynaklı vb.) ile birlikte; sorumsuz kentleşmenin getirdiği sonuçlar (doğal kaynakların bilinçsizce tüketilmesi, enerji kullanımı, karbon emisyon vb.), kalkınma önünde engel oluşturan sosyoekonomik ve kültürel stresler (yoksulluk, eşitsizlik, adaletsizlik, güvenlik, gelir azalması vb.) ve çevre ile ilgili problemler (çevresel degredasyon, kirlilik, biyoçeşitliliğin azalması, ekosistem kaynak azalması vb.) kentleri baskılayan önemli sorunların ana başlıklarından sadece bazılarıdır. Bu sorunlardan kenti tehdit eden, beklenen ancak tam zamanı belli olmayan, aniden gelişen ve öngörülemeyen sorunlar akut şok, kentin dokusunu zayıflatan ve süreçte hala çözüm bulunamayan sorunlar kronik stress olarak adlandırılır. Deprem, salgın hastalık, siber sadırı vb. sorunlar akut şoklara örnek iken, trafik, beyin göçü, işsizlik, kıtlık, su sıkıntısı vb. sorunlar kentlerin karşı karşıya olduğu kronik streslere örnektir. Bu sorunlar kentleri geleceğe taşımanın önünde büyük bir tehdittir. Kentler sürdürülebilir gelişimi için; sorunları karşısında kentsel dayanıklılığını inşa etmek zorundadır. “Kentsel Dayanıklılık” kent bileşenlerinin, sektörlerin, sistemlerin ve kent paydaşlarının, mevcut ve olası akut şok & kronik stresler ile baş edebilme gücü ve kapasitesi olup, sürdürülebilir gelişimi için kentlerin oluşturduğu savunma mekanizmasıdır. Değişen, farklılaşan, güçlenen, çeşitlenen, beklenen ve öngörülemeyen küresel ve yerel sorunlar karşısında; dayanıklı olma, hayatta kalma, çabuk toparlanma, etkilerini absorbe etme, getirdiği değişimlere adapte olabilme, normal şartlara gelişerek dönebilme ve gerektiğinde dönüşebilme yeteneğinin kent bütününe yani kent paydaşlarına, kent bileşenlerine, kentsel sektörler ve sistemlere kazandırılması kentsel dayanıklılık için çok önemlidir. Kentlerin gelecekte ne ile ne zaman karşılaşacağını bilmek imkânsızdır. Akut şoklar ve kronik stresler karşısında daha güçlü, iyi korunan, güvenli, yaşanabilir ve sürdürülebilir bir kent; sürdürülebilir dayanıklılık yaklaşımı çerçevesinde kent bütününe kentsel dayanıklılık yeteneğinin kazandırılması ile mümkün kılınabilir. Sürdürülebilir Dayanıklılık Yaklaşımının kent bütününe entegre edilmesinin yollarından biri “Kentsel Dayanıklılık Ofis’inin kurulmasıdır.

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Urban Resilience Against to Acute Shocks and Chronical Stresses &Sustainable Resilience Approach

Year 2020, , 323 - 345, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.796942

Abstract

To maintain the sustainable development of cities, it is significantly essential to solve immediate concerns, overcome barriers against development and manage the risks based on challenges. The cities that know to deal with the challenges and anticipate how to make theirselves resilient can develop their future according to their preferences and administer them as they should. Not only disaster risks (based on natural hazards and climate change) but also consequences of irresponsible urbanization (unconscious consumption of natural resources, energy use, carbon emission etc.), socio-economic and cultural stresses that impede development (poverty, inequality, injustice, security, income reduction, etc.) and environmental problems (environmental degredation, contamination, bio-diversity loss, ecosystem resource reduction etc.) significantly affect urban resilience and sustainability. These complications are called acute shocks and chronical stressess. Acute shocks are unpredictable and abruptly strikes the cities like earthquake, pandemic, cyber attack etc. Chronical stress are unsolved, permanent problems in daily life like traffic, brain drain, drought, unemployment, water shortage etc. These challenges are serious threats to carve out a better future for cities. In the manner of sustainable development it necessary to build urban resilience against to acute shocks and chronical stress. Urban Resilience is the coping skill and capacity to cope with acute shocks and chronical stressrss. Urban resilience is a systematic and dynamic process that built in time, requires qualitative and quantitative development in the intangible and tangible urban characters and transform in compulsory situations. Urban resilience is empowering cities in face of the different factors currently threatening their future development. For building skills such as be strength, swift recovery, survival, absorbing capacity, adaptation, transformation to all city (urban components, sectors, systems, stakeholders) against the changing, differentiating, strengthening, diversifying, potential and unanticipated global and local problems is necessary and important for cities in order to cope with challenges and to be sustainable resilience. In the feature, beyond the realm of possibility to know, when and what challenges will the cities face with. Enhancing cities capacity, making safer and more resilient to deal with the heterogeneous factors currently threatening them and unforeseen challenges depends on todays’ decisions, actions and applications. Stronger, well protected and swift recovery cities against the acute shocks and chronical stresses are the investment for safe, liveable and sustainable cities. This investment can only be made possible by providing urban resilience capability to the whole city within the framework of sustainable resilience approach. One of the ways to integrate the Sustainable Resilience Approach to the entire city is to set up an Urban Resilience Office.

References

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There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering, Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Betül Ergün Konukcu 0000-0001-9015-7893

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Acceptance Date December 7, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Ergün Konukcu, B. (2020). Akut Şok ve Kronik Stresler Karşısında Kentsel Dayanıklılık & Sürdürülebilir Dayanıklılık Yaklaşımı. Resilience, 4(2), 323-345. https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.796942