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Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 118 - 137, 01.06.2013

R. Evan Palmer

Abstract

General education students taking freshman-level physical geography and geomorphology classes at Arizona State University completed an online laboratory whose main tool was Google Earth. Early in the semester, oblique and planimetric views introduced students to a few volcanic, tectonic, glacial, karst, and coastal landforms. Semi-quantitative analysis of student performance compared across prior experience using Google Earth, self-reported learning styles, and math backgrounds revealed no statistically significant correlations. Despite the online nature of the learning experience leading to logistical frustrations such as how to annotate screen captured imagery, qualitative analysis of student feedback agreed with prior similar research on the necessity for: scaffolding; clear learner objectives followed by a sequence of tasks results in superior student learning; and on the observation that students do not benefit from prior schema regarding math training or previous use of Google Earth to perform well. Supplementation with Google Street Views, panoramas, topographic maps, and terrain views enhanced student learning in several ways. First, self-declared kinesthetic learners preferred these supplements over self-declared visual learners. Second, these supplements gave the aerial photo experience more of the feel of a virtual field trip experience, which then aided student learning.

Keywords

aerial photography Google Earth landforms online learning

References

  • Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2005). Growing by degrees: online education in the United States, 2005: Sloan Consortium.
  • Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2010). Learning on Demand: Online Education in the United States, 2009: Sloan Consortium.
  • Allen, T. R. (2008). Digital Terrain Visualization and Virtual Globes for Teaching Geomorphology. Journal of Geography, 106(6), 253-2 doi: 1080/00221340701863766
  • Appleton, K., & Lovett, A. (2005). GIS-based visualisation of development proposals: reactions from planning and related professionals. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 29(3), 321-339. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2004.05.005
  • Bailey, J. E., Whitmeyer, S. J., & De Paor, D. G. (2012). Introduction: The application of Google Geo Tools to geoscience education and research. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. vii-xix): Geological Society of America.
  • Beck, A. D. (1974). Geography in the American Community College. Geography, 59(4), 3333 doi: 10.2307/40568289
  • Bodzin, A. M., & Cirucci, L. (2009). Integrating Geospatial Technologies to Examine Urban Land Use Change: A Design Partnership. Journal of Geography, 108(4-5), 186-197.
  • Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School - Expanded Edition: National Academies Press
  • Crampton, J. W. (2002). Interactivity Types in Geographic Visualization. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 29(2), 85-98. doi: 10.1559/152304002782053314
  • Davis, W. M. (1902). Field Work in Physical Geography. Journal of Geography, 1, 17.
  • Duffy, T. M., & Kirkley, J. R. (2004). Learner-centered theory and practice in distance education cases from higher education. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=ofvrszKV-zsC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1 v=onepage&q&f=false .
  • Eusden, J. D., Duvall, M., & Bryant, M. (2012). Google Earth mashup of the geology in the Presidential Range, New Hampshire: Linking real and virtual field trips for an introductory geology class. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 355-366): Geological Society of America
  • Faust, N. L. (1995). The virtual reality of GIS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 22(3), 257-268.
  • Fuller, I., Rawlinson, S., & Bevan, R. (2000). Evaluation of Student Learning Experiences in Physical Geography Fieldwork: Paddling or pedagogy? Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 24(2), 199-215. doi: 10.1080/713677388
  • Giardino, J. R., & Thornhill, A. G. (1984). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Stereo Slides in Teaching Geomorphology. Journal of Geological Education, 32(1), 14-16.
  • Gobert, J., Wild, S. C., & Rossi, L. (2012). Testing the effects of prior coursework and gender on geoscience learning with Google Earth. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 453-468): Geological Society of America.
  • Google. (2013). Google Earth. Retrieved from http://www.google.com/earth/index.html
  • Graf, K. C., Suter, M., Hagger, J., Meier, E., Meuret, P., & Nüesch, D. (1994). Perspective terrain visualization—A fusion of remote sensing, GIS, and computer graphics. Computers & Graphics, 18(6), 795-802. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/00978493(94)90005-1
  • Granshaw, F. D., & Duggan-Haas, D. (2012). Virtual fieldwork in geoscience teacher education: Issues, techniques, and models. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 285-303): Geologic Society of America.
  • Hagevik, R., & Watson, M. (2003). Enhancing Spatial Cognition Using Mapping Technologies in Earth Science Education. Paper presented at the AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
  • Harper, S. B. (2004). Geologic Photo Field Trips to View Rocks, Geologic Structures, and Landforms in Introductory Physical Goelogy. Paper presented at the Geologic Society of America 2004 Denver Annual Meeting.
  • Hennessy, R., Arnason, T., Ratinen, I., & Rubensdotter, L. (2012). Google Earth geo-education resources: A transnational approach from Ireland, Iceland, Finland, and Norway. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 413418): Geological Society of America.
  • Heyl, R. J. (1984). Teaching Landforms in Miniature. Journal of Geography, 83(4), 175-176. doi: 1080/00221348408980497
  • Hiltz, S. R., & Turoff, M. (2005). Education goes digital: the evolution of online learning and the revolution in higher education. Commun. ACM, 48(10), 59-64. doi: 1145/1089107.1089139
  • Hoisch, T. D., & Bowie, J. I. (2010). Assessing Factors that Influence the Recruitment of Majors from Introductory Geology Classes at Northern Arizona University. Journal of Geoscience Education, 58(3), 166-176. doi: 10.5408/1.3544297
  • Hudak, P. E. (2003). Campus field exercises for introductory geoscience courses. Journal of Geography, 102(5), 220-225.
  • Hurst, S. D. (1998). Use of “virtual” field trips in teaching introductory geology. Computers & Geosciences, 24(7), 653-658. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(98)00043Jain, C., & Getis, A. (2003). The Effectiveness of Internet-based Instruction: An experiment in physical geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 27(2), 153-167. doi: 1080/03098260305679
  • Johnson, E. M., Cowie, B., De Lange, W., Falloon, G., Hight, C., & Khoo, E. (2011). Adoption of innovative e-learning support for teaching: A multiple case study at the University of Waikato. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(3), 499-513.
  • Jones, C., & Willis, M. (2011). Experience-Based Learning Using Smartphones: The Explorer Project. International Journal on Human-Computer Interaction 2(7), 1-20.
  • Kearney, M., & Schuck, S. (2005). Students in the Director's Seat: Teaching and Learning with Student-generated Video. Paper presented at the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2005, Montreal, Canada. http://www.editlib.org/p/20518
  • Kent, M., Gilbertson, D. D., & Hunt, C. O. (1997). Fieldwork in geography teaching: A critical review of the literature and approaches. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 21(3), 313-332. doi: 10.1080/03098269708725439
  • Kinzel, M., & Wright, D. (2008). Using Geovisualizations in the Curriculum: Do Multimedia Tools Enhance Geography Education? Paper presented at the Environmental Systems Research Institute Education User’s Conference.
  • Krzic, M., Watson, K., Grand, S., Crowley, C., Dyanatkar, S., Bomke, A., & Smith, S. (2012). From the Field to the Classroom: A Web-Based Teaching Tool on Depositional Environments and Landscape Development. Paper presented at the EGU General Assembly Conference.
  • Lang, N. P., Lang, K. T., & Camodeca, B. M. (2012). A geology-focused virtual field trip to Tenerife, Spain. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 323-334): Geological Society of America.
  • Lisle, R. J. (2006). Google Earth: a new geological resource. Geology Today, 22(1), 29-32. doi: 1111/j.1365-2451.2006.00546.x
  • Liu, S., & Zhu, X. (2008). Designing a Structured and Interactive Learning Environment Based on GIS for Secondary Geography Education. Journal of Geography, 107(1), 12-19. doi: 1080/00221340801944425
  • Lobeck, A. K. (1924). Block Diagrams and Other Graphic Methods Used in Geology and Geography: J. Wiley.
  • Lombardi, M. M. (2007). Authentic learning for the 21st century: An overview (Vol. 1, pp. 112): Educause Learning Initiative.
  • Manfra, M. M., & Hammond, T. C. (2008). Teachers' instructional choices with student-created digital documentaries: Case studies. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 41(2), 223.
  • Nellis, M. D. (1994). Technology in Geographic Education: Reflections and Future Directions. Journal of Geography, 93(1), 36-39. doi: 10.1080/00221349408979683
  • Olson, S. (Ed.). (2013). Educating Engineers: Preparing 21st Century Leaders in the Context of New Modes of Learning: Summary of a Forum: The National Academies Press.
  • Raisz, E. J. (1931). The Physiographic Method of Representing Scenery on Maps. Geographical Review, 21(2), 297-304. doi: 10.2307/209281
  • Reynolds, M. (1997). Learning Styles: A Critique. Management Learning, 28(2), 115-133. doi: 1177/1350507697282002
  • Richard, G. A. (2009). Teaching with Google Earth. Pedagogy in Action: the SERC portal for Educators Retrieved 22 March 2013, from http://serc.carleton.edu/sp/library /google_earth/index.html
  • Sauer, C. O. (1956). The Education of a Geographer. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 46(3), 287-299. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1956.tb01510.x
  • Smith, M. J., & Clark, C. D. (2005). Methods for the visualization of digital elevation models for landform mapping. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30(7), 885-900. doi: 1002/esp.1210
  • Smith, M. J., Rose, J., & Booth, S. (2006). Geomorphological mapping of glacial landforms from remotely sensed data: An evaluation of the principal data sources and an assessment of their quality. Geomorphology, 76(1-2), 148-165.
  • Spicer, J. I., & Stratford, J. (2001). Student perceptions of a virtual field trip to replace a real field trip. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 17(4), 345.
  • Stumpf, R. J., Douglass, J., & Dorn, R. I. (2008). Learning Desert Geomorphology Virtually versus in the Field. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 32(3), 387-399. doi: 1080/03098260802221140
  • Tewksbury, B. J., Dokmak, A. A. K., Tarabees, E. A., & Mansour, A. S. (2012). Google Earth and geologic research in remote regions of the developing world: An example from the Western Desert of Egypt. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 23-36): Geologic Society of America.
  • Thomsen, C., & Christopherson, R. (2010). Encounter Geosystems: Interactive Explorations of Earth Using Google Earth. New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Trupe, C. H. (2006). Attracting majors through recruitment talks in introductory geoscience classes. Paper presented at the 2006 Philadelphia Annual Meeting.
  • Wake, J. D., & Wasson, B. (2011). Supporting creativity in teaching and learning of history through small-group production of mobile, location-based games. Paper presented at the 10th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, Beijing, China.
  • Whitmeyer, S. J., Bailey, J. E., De Paor, D. G., & Ornduff, T. (Eds.). (2012). Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492): Geological Society of America.
  • Willingham, D. T. (2005). Do visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners need visual, auditory, and kinesthetic instruction. American Educator, 29(2), 31-35.

Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 118 - 137, 01.06.2013

R. Evan Palmer

Abstract

Keywords

-

References

  • Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2005). Growing by degrees: online education in the United States, 2005: Sloan Consortium.
  • Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2010). Learning on Demand: Online Education in the United States, 2009: Sloan Consortium.
  • Allen, T. R. (2008). Digital Terrain Visualization and Virtual Globes for Teaching Geomorphology. Journal of Geography, 106(6), 253-2 doi: 1080/00221340701863766
  • Appleton, K., & Lovett, A. (2005). GIS-based visualisation of development proposals: reactions from planning and related professionals. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 29(3), 321-339. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2004.05.005
  • Bailey, J. E., Whitmeyer, S. J., & De Paor, D. G. (2012). Introduction: The application of Google Geo Tools to geoscience education and research. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. vii-xix): Geological Society of America.
  • Beck, A. D. (1974). Geography in the American Community College. Geography, 59(4), 3333 doi: 10.2307/40568289
  • Bodzin, A. M., & Cirucci, L. (2009). Integrating Geospatial Technologies to Examine Urban Land Use Change: A Design Partnership. Journal of Geography, 108(4-5), 186-197.
  • Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School - Expanded Edition: National Academies Press
  • Crampton, J. W. (2002). Interactivity Types in Geographic Visualization. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 29(2), 85-98. doi: 10.1559/152304002782053314
  • Davis, W. M. (1902). Field Work in Physical Geography. Journal of Geography, 1, 17.
  • Duffy, T. M., & Kirkley, J. R. (2004). Learner-centered theory and practice in distance education cases from higher education. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=ofvrszKV-zsC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1 v=onepage&q&f=false .
  • Eusden, J. D., Duvall, M., & Bryant, M. (2012). Google Earth mashup of the geology in the Presidential Range, New Hampshire: Linking real and virtual field trips for an introductory geology class. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 355-366): Geological Society of America
  • Faust, N. L. (1995). The virtual reality of GIS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 22(3), 257-268.
  • Fuller, I., Rawlinson, S., & Bevan, R. (2000). Evaluation of Student Learning Experiences in Physical Geography Fieldwork: Paddling or pedagogy? Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 24(2), 199-215. doi: 10.1080/713677388
  • Giardino, J. R., & Thornhill, A. G. (1984). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Stereo Slides in Teaching Geomorphology. Journal of Geological Education, 32(1), 14-16.
  • Gobert, J., Wild, S. C., & Rossi, L. (2012). Testing the effects of prior coursework and gender on geoscience learning with Google Earth. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 453-468): Geological Society of America.
  • Google. (2013). Google Earth. Retrieved from http://www.google.com/earth/index.html
  • Graf, K. C., Suter, M., Hagger, J., Meier, E., Meuret, P., & Nüesch, D. (1994). Perspective terrain visualization—A fusion of remote sensing, GIS, and computer graphics. Computers & Graphics, 18(6), 795-802. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/00978493(94)90005-1
  • Granshaw, F. D., & Duggan-Haas, D. (2012). Virtual fieldwork in geoscience teacher education: Issues, techniques, and models. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 285-303): Geologic Society of America.
  • Hagevik, R., & Watson, M. (2003). Enhancing Spatial Cognition Using Mapping Technologies in Earth Science Education. Paper presented at the AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
  • Harper, S. B. (2004). Geologic Photo Field Trips to View Rocks, Geologic Structures, and Landforms in Introductory Physical Goelogy. Paper presented at the Geologic Society of America 2004 Denver Annual Meeting.
  • Hennessy, R., Arnason, T., Ratinen, I., & Rubensdotter, L. (2012). Google Earth geo-education resources: A transnational approach from Ireland, Iceland, Finland, and Norway. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 413418): Geological Society of America.
  • Heyl, R. J. (1984). Teaching Landforms in Miniature. Journal of Geography, 83(4), 175-176. doi: 1080/00221348408980497
  • Hiltz, S. R., & Turoff, M. (2005). Education goes digital: the evolution of online learning and the revolution in higher education. Commun. ACM, 48(10), 59-64. doi: 1145/1089107.1089139
  • Hoisch, T. D., & Bowie, J. I. (2010). Assessing Factors that Influence the Recruitment of Majors from Introductory Geology Classes at Northern Arizona University. Journal of Geoscience Education, 58(3), 166-176. doi: 10.5408/1.3544297
  • Hudak, P. E. (2003). Campus field exercises for introductory geoscience courses. Journal of Geography, 102(5), 220-225.
  • Hurst, S. D. (1998). Use of “virtual” field trips in teaching introductory geology. Computers & Geosciences, 24(7), 653-658. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(98)00043Jain, C., & Getis, A. (2003). The Effectiveness of Internet-based Instruction: An experiment in physical geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 27(2), 153-167. doi: 1080/03098260305679
  • Johnson, E. M., Cowie, B., De Lange, W., Falloon, G., Hight, C., & Khoo, E. (2011). Adoption of innovative e-learning support for teaching: A multiple case study at the University of Waikato. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(3), 499-513.
  • Jones, C., & Willis, M. (2011). Experience-Based Learning Using Smartphones: The Explorer Project. International Journal on Human-Computer Interaction 2(7), 1-20.
  • Kearney, M., & Schuck, S. (2005). Students in the Director's Seat: Teaching and Learning with Student-generated Video. Paper presented at the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2005, Montreal, Canada. http://www.editlib.org/p/20518
  • Kent, M., Gilbertson, D. D., & Hunt, C. O. (1997). Fieldwork in geography teaching: A critical review of the literature and approaches. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 21(3), 313-332. doi: 10.1080/03098269708725439
  • Kinzel, M., & Wright, D. (2008). Using Geovisualizations in the Curriculum: Do Multimedia Tools Enhance Geography Education? Paper presented at the Environmental Systems Research Institute Education User’s Conference.
  • Krzic, M., Watson, K., Grand, S., Crowley, C., Dyanatkar, S., Bomke, A., & Smith, S. (2012). From the Field to the Classroom: A Web-Based Teaching Tool on Depositional Environments and Landscape Development. Paper presented at the EGU General Assembly Conference.
  • Lang, N. P., Lang, K. T., & Camodeca, B. M. (2012). A geology-focused virtual field trip to Tenerife, Spain. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 323-334): Geological Society of America.
  • Lisle, R. J. (2006). Google Earth: a new geological resource. Geology Today, 22(1), 29-32. doi: 1111/j.1365-2451.2006.00546.x
  • Liu, S., & Zhu, X. (2008). Designing a Structured and Interactive Learning Environment Based on GIS for Secondary Geography Education. Journal of Geography, 107(1), 12-19. doi: 1080/00221340801944425
  • Lobeck, A. K. (1924). Block Diagrams and Other Graphic Methods Used in Geology and Geography: J. Wiley.
  • Lombardi, M. M. (2007). Authentic learning for the 21st century: An overview (Vol. 1, pp. 112): Educause Learning Initiative.
  • Manfra, M. M., & Hammond, T. C. (2008). Teachers' instructional choices with student-created digital documentaries: Case studies. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 41(2), 223.
  • Nellis, M. D. (1994). Technology in Geographic Education: Reflections and Future Directions. Journal of Geography, 93(1), 36-39. doi: 10.1080/00221349408979683
  • Olson, S. (Ed.). (2013). Educating Engineers: Preparing 21st Century Leaders in the Context of New Modes of Learning: Summary of a Forum: The National Academies Press.
  • Raisz, E. J. (1931). The Physiographic Method of Representing Scenery on Maps. Geographical Review, 21(2), 297-304. doi: 10.2307/209281
  • Reynolds, M. (1997). Learning Styles: A Critique. Management Learning, 28(2), 115-133. doi: 1177/1350507697282002
  • Richard, G. A. (2009). Teaching with Google Earth. Pedagogy in Action: the SERC portal for Educators Retrieved 22 March 2013, from http://serc.carleton.edu/sp/library /google_earth/index.html
  • Sauer, C. O. (1956). The Education of a Geographer. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 46(3), 287-299. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1956.tb01510.x
  • Smith, M. J., & Clark, C. D. (2005). Methods for the visualization of digital elevation models for landform mapping. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30(7), 885-900. doi: 1002/esp.1210
  • Smith, M. J., Rose, J., & Booth, S. (2006). Geomorphological mapping of glacial landforms from remotely sensed data: An evaluation of the principal data sources and an assessment of their quality. Geomorphology, 76(1-2), 148-165.
  • Spicer, J. I., & Stratford, J. (2001). Student perceptions of a virtual field trip to replace a real field trip. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 17(4), 345.
  • Stumpf, R. J., Douglass, J., & Dorn, R. I. (2008). Learning Desert Geomorphology Virtually versus in the Field. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 32(3), 387-399. doi: 1080/03098260802221140
  • Tewksbury, B. J., Dokmak, A. A. K., Tarabees, E. A., & Mansour, A. S. (2012). Google Earth and geologic research in remote regions of the developing world: An example from the Western Desert of Egypt. In S. J. Whitmeyer, J. E. Bailey, D. G. De Paor & T. Ornduff (Eds.), Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492, pp. 23-36): Geologic Society of America.
  • Thomsen, C., & Christopherson, R. (2010). Encounter Geosystems: Interactive Explorations of Earth Using Google Earth. New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Trupe, C. H. (2006). Attracting majors through recruitment talks in introductory geoscience classes. Paper presented at the 2006 Philadelphia Annual Meeting.
  • Wake, J. D., & Wasson, B. (2011). Supporting creativity in teaching and learning of history through small-group production of mobile, location-based games. Paper presented at the 10th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, Beijing, China.
  • Whitmeyer, S. J., Bailey, J. E., De Paor, D. G., & Ornduff, T. (Eds.). (2012). Google Earth and Virutal Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research (Vol. Special Paper 492): Geological Society of America.
  • Willingham, D. T. (2005). Do visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners need visual, auditory, and kinesthetic instruction. American Educator, 29(2), 31-35.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

R. Evan Palmer This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2013
Submission Date July 5, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Palmer, R. E. (2013). Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 3(2), 118-137.
AMA Palmer RE. Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class. Review of International Geographical Education Online. June 2013;3(2):118-137.
Chicago Palmer, R. Evan. “Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-Facilitated Class”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 3, no. 2 (June 2013): 118-37.
EndNote Palmer RE (June 1, 2013) Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class. Review of International Geographical Education Online 3 2 118–137.
IEEE R. E. Palmer, “Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class”, Review of International Geographical Education Online, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 118–137, 2013.
ISNAD Palmer, R. Evan. “Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-Facilitated Class”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 3/2 (June 2013), 118-137.
JAMA Palmer RE. Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2013;3:118–137.
MLA Palmer, R. Evan. “Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-Facilitated Class”. Review of International Geographical Education Online, vol. 3, no. 2, 2013, pp. 118-37.
Vancouver Palmer RE. Learning Geomorphology Using Aerial Photography in a Web-facilitated Class. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2013;3(2):118-37.