THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Elif Kara Ozturk; Oya Erdil

doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757

Research Article

Year 2017, , 496 - 513, 30.12.2017

Elif Kara Ozturk Oya Erdil

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757

Abstract

References

Alimo‐Metcalfe, B., & Alban‐Metcalfe, R. J. (2001). The development of a new transformational leadership questionnaire. Journal Of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 74(1), 1-27.
Amitabh, M., & Sahay, A. (2008, May). Strategic Thinking: Is Leadership the missing link: An Exploratory Study. In 11th Annual Conversation of the Strategic Management Forum, Kanpur, India.
Ammeter, A. P., Douglas, C., Gardner, W.L., Hochwarter, W.A. ve Ferris, G.R. (2002). Toward a political theory of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, (13)6, 751-796.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, New York: The Free Pres.
Bass, B.M. ve Aviolo B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bennis, W. ve Nanus, B. (1985) Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
Bennis, W. 2007. The challenges of leadership in the modern world: Introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 62: 2-5.
Bentler, P.M. ve Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.
Blickle, G., Meurs, J. A., Wihler, A., Ewen, C., & Peiseler, A. K. (2014). Leader inquisitiveness, political skill, and follower attributions of leader charisma and effectiveness: Test of a moderated mediation model. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 22(3), 272285.
Bonn, Ingrid (2001). Developing Strategic Thinking As a Core Competency, Management Decision, 39(1), 63.
Braddy, P. ve Campbell, M. (2013). Using political skill to maximize and leverage work relationships. Retrieved July, 31, 2014.
Bradford, D. L., ve Cohen, A. R. (1984). Managing for excellence: The guide to developing high performance in contemporary organizations. New York: Wiley.
Brouer, R. L. (2007). The role of political skill in the leadership process-work outcomes relationships (Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University).
Brouer, R. L., Chiu, C. Y. ve Wang, L. (2016). Political skill dimensions and transformational leadership in China. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(6), 1040-1056.
Burns, M. G. (1978). Leadership, Harper-Row, Newyork.
Conger, J. A., ve Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Charismatic leadership in organizations. California, USA7 Sage.
Cummings, S. (1995). Pericles of Athens—Drawing from the essence of strategic leadership. Business Horizons, 38(1), 22-27.
Dartey-Baah, K. (2015). Resilient leadership: a transformational-transactional leadership mix. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), 99-112.
Davis, W.D. ve Gardner, W.L. (2004). Perceptions of politics and organizational cynism: An attributional and leader-member Exchange perspective, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 15(4), 439-465.
Doll, W.J., Xia, W. ve Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument, MIS Quarterly 18(4), 357–369.
Ewen, C., Wihler, A., Blickle, G., Oerder, K., Ellen, B. P., Douglas, C., & Ferris, G. R. (2013). Further specification of the leader political skill– leadership effectiveness relationships: Transformational and transactional leader behavior as mediators. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(4), 516-533.
Ferris, G. R., Davidson S. L., Perrewé P. L. ve Atay, S. (2010). İş Yaşamında Politik Yeti, 2. Basım, Namar Yayınları, İstanbul.
Ferris, G. R., Davidson, S. L. ve Perrewé P. L. (2005a). Political skill at Work: Impact on Work Effectiveness. Mountain View: Davies-Black Publishing.
Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J. ve Dougras, C. (2005b). Development and Validation of the Political Skill Inventory. Journal of Management, 31 (1), 126-152.
Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Perrewé, P. L., Brouer, R., L., Douglas, C. ve Lux, S. (2007). Political Skill in Organizations, Journal of Management. Vol.33, No.3, June 2007, 290–320.
Field, A. (2009), Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd Edition, London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Gentry, A., Leslie, W., B., Gilmore J., C., D., Parker Ellen III, B., R., Ferris G. ve Treadway C., D. (2013). Personality and political skill as distal and proximal predictors of leadership evaluations. Career Development International, 18(6), 569-588.
Goldman, E. F. ve Casey, A. (2010). Building a culture that encourages strategic thinking. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 17(2), 119-128.
Goldman, Ellen F. (2007). Strategic Thinking At the Top, MIT Sloan Management Review, 48(4), Summer 2007, 75-81.
Gross, R., PhD. (2016). Towards an understanding of the relationship between leadership styles and strategic thinking: A small and medium enterprise perspective. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 8(2), 22-39.
Haines, S. (2016). The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press.
Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C, Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hogan, J. and Hogan, R. (2002), Leadership and sociopolitical intelligence, in R. E Riggio, S. E., Murphy, and F. J. Pirozzolo, (Eds.), Multiple Intelligences and Leadership, (s. 75-88). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
Horwath, R. (2006). The origin of strategy. Strategic Thinking Institute, 1-5.
House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 Theory of Charismatic Leadership. In J.G. Hunt & L.L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
House, R. J., ve Aditya, R. N. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis?. Journal of Management, 23(3), 409-473.
Joreskog, K. G. ve Sorbom, D. (1993). LISREL: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language, Chicago, IL: Scientific International Software.
Kacmar, K. M. ve Baron, R.A. (1999). Organizational Politics: The state of the field, links to the related processes, and an agenda for future research. In G.R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management, Vol. 17, 1-19. Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
Kazmi, S. A. Z., Naarananoja, M., Wartsila, J. K. (2016). Integrating Strategic Thinking and Transformational Leadership for NPD Idea Support Process. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 387-397.
Khatri, N., Templer, K. J., Budhwar, P. S. (2012). Great (transformational) leadership= charisma+ vision. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 1(1), 38-62.
Kline, R. B. (2011), Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modelling, 3rd. Edition, NY: Guilford Press.
Kouzes, J. M. ve Posner, B. Z. (1987). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D. ve Steinbach, R. (1999). Changing leadership for changing times, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Liedtka, J. M. (1998). Linking Strategic Thinking with Strategic Planning, Strategy and Leadership, Vol.26, No.4, 30-35.
Mencl, J., Wefald, A. J., & van Ittersum, K. W. (2016). Transformational leader attributes: interpersonal skills, engagement, and wellbeing. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(5), 635-657.
Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations (Vol. 142). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Nasi, J. (1991). Arenas of Strategic Thinking, Foundation for Economic Education, Helsinki, Finland.
Nemanich, L. A. ve Keller R.T (2007). Transformational Leadership in an Acquisition: A Field Study of Employees. Leadership Quarterly, 18, 49-68.
Norzailan, Z., Yusof, S. M., & Othman, R. (2016). Developing Strategic Leadership Competencies. Journal of Advanced Management Science Vol, 4(1).
Nunnally, J. C. ve Benstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory, Newyork, NY: Mc-Graw Hill.
Oelkers, G., & Elsey, B. (2004). The'Strategic Magnifier'-a Cognitive Tool for Strategic Thinking (Doctoral dissertation, Sumy State University).
Perrewé, P. L., Ferris, G. R., Frink, D. D. ve Anthony, W. P. (2000). Political skill: An antidote forworkplace stressors. Academy of Management Executive, 14: 115-123.
Pfeffer, J. (1992). Managing with power: Politics and influence in organizations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Pisapia, John, Reyes-Guerra, Daniel ve Coukos-Semmel, Eleni (2005). Developing the Leader’s Strategic Mindset: Establishing the Measures, Kravis Leadership Institute, Leadership Review, Spring 2005, Vol. 5, 41-68.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., ve Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers’ Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142.
Senge, Peter M. (1992). Beşinci Disiplin: Öğrenen Organizasyon Düşünüşü ve Uygulaması, Çev. Ayşegül İldeniz ve Ahmet Doğukan, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
Steiner, G. A., Miner, J. B. ve Gray, E. R. (1982). Management Policy and Strategy (2nded.). New York: Macmillan.
Sunindijo, R. Y. (2012). Integrating emotional intelligence, political skill, and transformational leadership in construction. Civil Engineering Dimension, 14(3), 182-189.
Treadway, D. C., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., Kacmar, C. J., Douglas, C., Ammeter, A. P., Buckley, M. R. (2004). Leader political skill and employee reactions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(4), 493-513.
Treadway, D. C., Jacob W. B., Garry L. A., Allison B. D. ve Laura A. W. (2010). The Interactive Effects of Political Skil and Future Time Perspective on Career and Community Networking Behavior, Social Networks, 32(2), May 2010, 138–147.
Valle, M. (2006). The power of politics: Why leaders need to learn the art of influence. Leadership in Action, 26(2), 8-12.
Washington, S. P., Karlaftis, M. G. ve Mannering, F. (2010). Statistical and econometric methods for transportation data analysis. CRC press.

THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Year 2017, , 496 - 513, 30.12.2017

Elif Kara Ozturk Oya Erdil

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757

Abstract

Purpose - The basic motivation of this research is the
observation of the effects of strategic thinking and political skills on
transformational leadership. There are some researches and investigations about
these three factors in the literature, but there is no study that investigates
these three factors with their dimensions. This study aims to contribute to
this gap in the literature.

Methodology - The research has been conducted with 496 companies
located in İstanbul, Bursa and Kocaeli which are selected from 562 companies in
Marmara Region from the list of 1000 largest industrial establishment of
Turkey. Nearly 500 questionnaires were sent to those companies and 283
responses were collected. The survey results have been analysed with
exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the hypothesis are tested with
structural equation modelling.

Findings- According to the results of structural equation
modelling; it has been observed that the sub-dimensions of strategic thinking
and political skills has positive and significant effects on the sub-dimensions
of transformational leadership. Variables with no positive and significant
effects were discussed in the conclusion.

Conclusion- The observed effects are the behaviours that are
expected from transformational leaders. Improving the skills of the leaders is
essential for a successful transformation of businesses. The research results
were supported with theoretical and practical suggestions for the development
of those skills and behaviours.

Keywords

Strategic thinking, political skills, transformational leadership, structural equation modelling

References

Alimo‐Metcalfe, B., & Alban‐Metcalfe, R. J. (2001). The development of a new transformational leadership questionnaire. Journal Of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 74(1), 1-27.
Amitabh, M., & Sahay, A. (2008, May). Strategic Thinking: Is Leadership the missing link: An Exploratory Study. In 11th Annual Conversation of the Strategic Management Forum, Kanpur, India.
Ammeter, A. P., Douglas, C., Gardner, W.L., Hochwarter, W.A. ve Ferris, G.R. (2002). Toward a political theory of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, (13)6, 751-796.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, New York: The Free Pres.
Bass, B.M. ve Aviolo B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bennis, W. ve Nanus, B. (1985) Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
Bennis, W. 2007. The challenges of leadership in the modern world: Introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 62: 2-5.
Bentler, P.M. ve Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.
Blickle, G., Meurs, J. A., Wihler, A., Ewen, C., & Peiseler, A. K. (2014). Leader inquisitiveness, political skill, and follower attributions of leader charisma and effectiveness: Test of a moderated mediation model. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 22(3), 272285.
Bonn, Ingrid (2001). Developing Strategic Thinking As a Core Competency, Management Decision, 39(1), 63.
Braddy, P. ve Campbell, M. (2013). Using political skill to maximize and leverage work relationships. Retrieved July, 31, 2014.
Bradford, D. L., ve Cohen, A. R. (1984). Managing for excellence: The guide to developing high performance in contemporary organizations. New York: Wiley.
Brouer, R. L. (2007). The role of political skill in the leadership process-work outcomes relationships (Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University).
Brouer, R. L., Chiu, C. Y. ve Wang, L. (2016). Political skill dimensions and transformational leadership in China. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(6), 1040-1056.
Burns, M. G. (1978). Leadership, Harper-Row, Newyork.
Conger, J. A., ve Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Charismatic leadership in organizations. California, USA7 Sage.
Cummings, S. (1995). Pericles of Athens—Drawing from the essence of strategic leadership. Business Horizons, 38(1), 22-27.
Dartey-Baah, K. (2015). Resilient leadership: a transformational-transactional leadership mix. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), 99-112.
Davis, W.D. ve Gardner, W.L. (2004). Perceptions of politics and organizational cynism: An attributional and leader-member Exchange perspective, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 15(4), 439-465.
Doll, W.J., Xia, W. ve Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument, MIS Quarterly 18(4), 357–369.
Ewen, C., Wihler, A., Blickle, G., Oerder, K., Ellen, B. P., Douglas, C., & Ferris, G. R. (2013). Further specification of the leader political skill– leadership effectiveness relationships: Transformational and transactional leader behavior as mediators. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(4), 516-533.
Ferris, G. R., Davidson S. L., Perrewé P. L. ve Atay, S. (2010). İş Yaşamında Politik Yeti, 2. Basım, Namar Yayınları, İstanbul.
Ferris, G. R., Davidson, S. L. ve Perrewé P. L. (2005a). Political skill at Work: Impact on Work Effectiveness. Mountain View: Davies-Black Publishing.
Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J. ve Dougras, C. (2005b). Development and Validation of the Political Skill Inventory. Journal of Management, 31 (1), 126-152.
Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Perrewé, P. L., Brouer, R., L., Douglas, C. ve Lux, S. (2007). Political Skill in Organizations, Journal of Management. Vol.33, No.3, June 2007, 290–320.
Field, A. (2009), Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd Edition, London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Gentry, A., Leslie, W., B., Gilmore J., C., D., Parker Ellen III, B., R., Ferris G. ve Treadway C., D. (2013). Personality and political skill as distal and proximal predictors of leadership evaluations. Career Development International, 18(6), 569-588.
Goldman, E. F. ve Casey, A. (2010). Building a culture that encourages strategic thinking. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 17(2), 119-128.
Goldman, Ellen F. (2007). Strategic Thinking At the Top, MIT Sloan Management Review, 48(4), Summer 2007, 75-81.
Gross, R., PhD. (2016). Towards an understanding of the relationship between leadership styles and strategic thinking: A small and medium enterprise perspective. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 8(2), 22-39.
Haines, S. (2016). The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press.
Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C, Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hogan, J. and Hogan, R. (2002), Leadership and sociopolitical intelligence, in R. E Riggio, S. E., Murphy, and F. J. Pirozzolo, (Eds.), Multiple Intelligences and Leadership, (s. 75-88). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
Horwath, R. (2006). The origin of strategy. Strategic Thinking Institute, 1-5.
House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 Theory of Charismatic Leadership. In J.G. Hunt & L.L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
House, R. J., ve Aditya, R. N. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis?. Journal of Management, 23(3), 409-473.
Joreskog, K. G. ve Sorbom, D. (1993). LISREL: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language, Chicago, IL: Scientific International Software.
Kacmar, K. M. ve Baron, R.A. (1999). Organizational Politics: The state of the field, links to the related processes, and an agenda for future research. In G.R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management, Vol. 17, 1-19. Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
Kazmi, S. A. Z., Naarananoja, M., Wartsila, J. K. (2016). Integrating Strategic Thinking and Transformational Leadership for NPD Idea Support Process. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 387-397.
Khatri, N., Templer, K. J., Budhwar, P. S. (2012). Great (transformational) leadership= charisma+ vision. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 1(1), 38-62.
Kline, R. B. (2011), Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modelling, 3rd. Edition, NY: Guilford Press.
Kouzes, J. M. ve Posner, B. Z. (1987). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D. ve Steinbach, R. (1999). Changing leadership for changing times, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Liedtka, J. M. (1998). Linking Strategic Thinking with Strategic Planning, Strategy and Leadership, Vol.26, No.4, 30-35.
Mencl, J., Wefald, A. J., & van Ittersum, K. W. (2016). Transformational leader attributes: interpersonal skills, engagement, and wellbeing. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(5), 635-657.
Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations (Vol. 142). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Nasi, J. (1991). Arenas of Strategic Thinking, Foundation for Economic Education, Helsinki, Finland.
Nemanich, L. A. ve Keller R.T (2007). Transformational Leadership in an Acquisition: A Field Study of Employees. Leadership Quarterly, 18, 49-68.
Norzailan, Z., Yusof, S. M., & Othman, R. (2016). Developing Strategic Leadership Competencies. Journal of Advanced Management Science Vol, 4(1).
Nunnally, J. C. ve Benstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory, Newyork, NY: Mc-Graw Hill.
Oelkers, G., & Elsey, B. (2004). The'Strategic Magnifier'-a Cognitive Tool for Strategic Thinking (Doctoral dissertation, Sumy State University).
Perrewé, P. L., Ferris, G. R., Frink, D. D. ve Anthony, W. P. (2000). Political skill: An antidote forworkplace stressors. Academy of Management Executive, 14: 115-123.
Pfeffer, J. (1992). Managing with power: Politics and influence in organizations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Pisapia, John, Reyes-Guerra, Daniel ve Coukos-Semmel, Eleni (2005). Developing the Leader’s Strategic Mindset: Establishing the Measures, Kravis Leadership Institute, Leadership Review, Spring 2005, Vol. 5, 41-68.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., ve Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers’ Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142.
Senge, Peter M. (1992). Beşinci Disiplin: Öğrenen Organizasyon Düşünüşü ve Uygulaması, Çev. Ayşegül İldeniz ve Ahmet Doğukan, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
Steiner, G. A., Miner, J. B. ve Gray, E. R. (1982). Management Policy and Strategy (2nded.). New York: Macmillan.
Sunindijo, R. Y. (2012). Integrating emotional intelligence, political skill, and transformational leadership in construction. Civil Engineering Dimension, 14(3), 182-189.
Treadway, D. C., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., Kacmar, C. J., Douglas, C., Ammeter, A. P., Buckley, M. R. (2004). Leader political skill and employee reactions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(4), 493-513.
Treadway, D. C., Jacob W. B., Garry L. A., Allison B. D. ve Laura A. W. (2010). The Interactive Effects of Political Skil and Future Time Perspective on Career and Community Networking Behavior, Social Networks, 32(2), May 2010, 138–147.
Valle, M. (2006). The power of politics: Why leaders need to learn the art of influence. Leadership in Action, 26(2), 8-12.
Washington, S. P., Karlaftis, M. G. ve Mannering, F. (2010). Statistical and econometric methods for transportation data analysis. CRC press.

There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Elif Kara Ozturk This is me Oya Erdil
Publication Date	December 30, 2017
Published in Issue	Year 2017

Cite

APA	Kara Ozturk, E., & Erdil, O. (2017). THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP. Research Journal of Business and Management, 4(4), 496-513. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757
AMA	Kara Ozturk E, Erdil O. THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP. RJBM. December 2017;4(4):496-513. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757
Chicago	Kara Ozturk, Elif, and Oya Erdil. “THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP”. Research Journal of Business and Management 4, no. 4 (December 2017): 496-513. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757.
EndNote	Kara Ozturk E, Erdil O (December 1, 2017) THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP. Research Journal of Business and Management 4 4 496–513.
IEEE	E. Kara Ozturk and O. Erdil, “THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP”, RJBM, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 496–513, 2017, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757.
ISNAD	Kara Ozturk, Elif - Erdil, Oya. “THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP”. Research Journal of Business and Management 4/4 (December 2017), 496-513. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757.
JAMA	Kara Ozturk E, Erdil O. THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP. RJBM. 2017;4:496–513.
MLA	Kara Ozturk, Elif and Oya Erdil. “THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP”. Research Journal of Business and Management, vol. 4, no. 4, 2017, pp. 496-13, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.757.
Vancouver	Kara Ozturk E, Erdil O. THE EFFECTS of STRATEGIC THINKING and POLITICAL SKILLS on TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP. RJBM. 2017;4(4):496-513.

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