Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 21 - 46, 01.09.2024

Nedim Emin Mehmet Uğur Ekinci

https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-002

Abstract

References

  • Hamdi Fırat Büyük, Sinisa Jakov Marusic, Sasa Dragojlo, Xhorxhina Bami, Gjergj Erebara, and Samir Kajosevic, “With Arms Deals and Donations, Turkey Steps up Balkan Influence,” Balkan Insight, (December 11, 2020), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://balkaninsight.com/2020/12/11/with-arms-deals-and-donations-turkey-steps-up-balkan-influence; Nikola Joksimović, “Veliki Povratak Turske na Balkan: Albanci na Kosovu Postaju Uporište Sile sa Bosfora,” Sputnik, (July 18, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://lat.sputnikportal.rs/20230718/veliki-povratak-turske-na-balkan--albanci-na-kosovu-postaju-uporiste-sile-sa-bosfora--1158719811.html; Samir Huseinović, “Turske Igre Dronova,” Deutsche Welle, (July 25, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.dw.com/hr/turske-igre-dronova/a-66338174.
  • The authors would like to thank Edanur Karaca and Ümit Tetik for their helpful contributions.
  • Sabri Sayarı, “Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism,” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, No. 1 (2000), pp. 169-182.
  • Baskın Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006: Facts and Analyses with Documents, (Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2010), p. 825.
  • Duygu Bazoğlu-Sezer, “Turkish Security in the Shifting Balkans: Reorientation to a Regional Focus,” in Kosta Tsipis (ed.), Common Security Regimes in the Balkans, (New York, Columbia University Press, 1996), pp. 109-110.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 21247 (June 3, 1992).
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 23104 (September 8, 1997).
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 21788 (December 14, 1993).
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1992 Tarihçesi, (Ankara: Dışişleri Eğitim Merkezi, 1994), pp. 380-389.
  • Bazoğlu-Sezer, “Turkish Security in the Shifting Balkans,” pp. 110-111.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1992 Tarihçesi, pp. 483-486.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 22960 (April 10, 1997).
  • “Bilateral Relations between the Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Turkey,” Republic of North Macedonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://mfa.gov.mk/en/page/163/bilateral-relations-between-the-republic-of-north-macedonia-and-the-republic-of-turkey-.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 23183 (November 27, 1997).
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 22627 (May 5, 1996).
  • Narodne Novine, No. 1/2004 (1), Međunarodni Ugovori, Ostalo, (February 23, 2004).
  • Narodne Novine, No. 2/2004 (15), Međunarodni Ugovori, Ostalo, (March 17, 2004).
  • Mustafa Aksaç, “Turkey’s Military Efforts for Peace in the Balkans,” unpublished M.A. thesis, Bilkent University, 2003, pp. 67-68.
  • Bazoğlu-Sezer, “Turkish Security in the Shifting Balkans,” pp. 101-102.
  • Kathleen M. Reddy, “Operation Sharp Guard: Lessons Learned for the Policymaker and Commander,” U.S. Naval War College, (June 13, 1997), retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA328118.pdf, p. 7.
  • “UN Security Council Resolution 743 (1992),” United Nations Digital Library, retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/137965?v=pdf.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1992 Tarihçesi, pp. 131, 144-145, 148, 413, 417.
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  • Christopher J. Lamb, Sarah Arkin, and Sally Scudder, “The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: A Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power,” Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 15 (March 2014).
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  • William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy since 1774, 3rd ed., (Oxon: Routledge, 2013), pp. 203-204.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1998 Tarihçesi, (Ankara: Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 1999), pp. 240-241; Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006, p. 823.
  • Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006, p. 832; Güngör, “The Analysis of Turkey’s Approach,” p. 127.
  • Sylvie Gangloff, “Turkish Policy towards the Conflict in Kosovo: The Preeminence of National Political Interests,” Balkanologie, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2004), p. 112.
  • Fuat Aksu, “Kosova Krizinde Türkiye’nin Dış Politikası,” Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2010), p. 74.
  • Yalçınkaya, et al., “Turkish Efforts in Peacekeeping,” pp. 475-496; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • Ali L. Karaosmanoğlu, “NATO Enlargement and the South: A Turkish Perspective,” Security Dialogue, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1999), p. 215.
  • Birgül Demirtaş, “Turkey and the Balkans: Overcoming Prejudices, Building Bridges and Constructing a Common Future,” Perceptions, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2013), p. 168.
  • Gangloff, “Turkish Policy towards the Conflict in Kosovo,” p. 107; Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006, pp. 691-693.
  • Dışişleri Güncesi Temmuz 1999, (Ankara: Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 1999), pp. 188-190.
  • “Structure and Organization,” South-East Europe Defense Ministerial Process Public Portal, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://sedmprocess.org/web/sedmp/structure. “South-Eastern Europe Brigade,” SEEBRIG, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://seebrig.org/south-eastern-europe-brigade-seebrig.
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  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 27903 (April 12, 2011).
  • “Türkiye ile Bosna Hersek Arasında “Askeri ve Mali” İşbirliği,” TRT Haber, (December 12, 2014), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/turkiye-ile-bosna-hersek-arasinda-askeri-ve-mali-isbirligi-158117.html.
  • Yalçınkaya, et al., “Turkish Efforts in Peacekeeping,” pp. 475-496; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • Güngör, “The Analysis of Turkey’s Approach,” pp. 122-123; Yalçınkaya, et al., “Turkish Efforts in Peacekeeping,” pp. 475-496; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • “Güvenlik İşbirliği Merkezi (RACVIAC),” T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/guvenlik-isbirligi-merkezi.tr.mfa.
  • “About EUFOR,” European Union Force in BiH, (November 4, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://euforbih.org/index.php/about-eufor/background; “2023 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı, (2024), p. 76; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • Sefa Şahin, “NATO’nun Talebiyle Kosova’ya Gönderilen İhtiyat Birliği Türkiye’ye Dönüyor,” Anadolu Ajansı, (September 5, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/natonun-talebiyle-kosovaya-gonderilen-ihtiyat-birligi-turkiyeye-donuyor/2984153.
  • “Millî Savunma Bakanı Yaşar Güler, SEDM Toplantısı’nın Ardından Düzenlenen Basın Toplantısında Konuştu,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı, (November 22, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.msb.gov.tr/SlaytHaber/b700a0ab7ef54a49b3321aa89f8537a6.
  • “Cooperative Security Environment Pillar,” RACVIAC, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.racviac.org/cse-pillar.
  • Filiz Kınık Öz, Sefa Mutlu, and Güç Gönel, “Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Kimlik Kartlarıyla Bosna Hersek-Türkiye Arasındaki Gidiş Gelişleri Yapabilme Kararını Verdik,” Anadolu Ajansı, (September 6, 2022), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-kimlik-kartlariyla-bosna-hersek-turkiye-arasindaki-gidis-gelisleri-yapabilme-kararini-verdik/2678100.
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  • “Kosovo i Turska Potpisali ‘Vojni Sporazum’, Beograd Zabrinut – ‘Odgovoriće Adekvatno, Ne Samo Politički,’” KosSev, (January 30, 2024), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://kossev.info/vojni-sporazum-kosovo-turska-vucevic-zabrinut-vezbe-obuke-naoruzavanje.
  • Sabrina P. Ramet and Aleksander Zdravkovski, “Serbia and the War in Ukraine,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2022), pp. 53-65.
  • Rouya Turkiyyah, vol. 8, no. 4, 2019. https://rouyaturkiyyah.com/
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Boosting Influence: Türkiye’s Renewed Military Activism in the Balkans

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 21 - 46, 01.09.2024

Nedim Emin Mehmet Uğur Ekinci

https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-002

Abstract

While military and defense issues dominated Türkiye’s Balkan policy in the 1990s, economic, social, and cultural aspects became more salient from the early 2000s on. This article examines the resurgence of Türkiye’s military and defense activities in the Balkans since the late 2010s. By demonstrating various platforms of military presence and defense cooperation, the article discusses how Türkiye’s engagements in military and defense fields are widening and deepening. Türkiye actively participates in international operations and regional defense cooperation mechanisms, often assuming leading roles. Bilateral cooperation with Balkan countries has been further strengthened by new agreements signed in recent years.

Keywords

Türkiye Balkans Military Activity Defense Cooperation

References

  • Hamdi Fırat Büyük, Sinisa Jakov Marusic, Sasa Dragojlo, Xhorxhina Bami, Gjergj Erebara, and Samir Kajosevic, “With Arms Deals and Donations, Turkey Steps up Balkan Influence,” Balkan Insight, (December 11, 2020), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://balkaninsight.com/2020/12/11/with-arms-deals-and-donations-turkey-steps-up-balkan-influence; Nikola Joksimović, “Veliki Povratak Turske na Balkan: Albanci na Kosovu Postaju Uporište Sile sa Bosfora,” Sputnik, (July 18, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://lat.sputnikportal.rs/20230718/veliki-povratak-turske-na-balkan--albanci-na-kosovu-postaju-uporiste-sile-sa-bosfora--1158719811.html; Samir Huseinović, “Turske Igre Dronova,” Deutsche Welle, (July 25, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.dw.com/hr/turske-igre-dronova/a-66338174.
  • The authors would like to thank Edanur Karaca and Ümit Tetik for their helpful contributions.
  • Sabri Sayarı, “Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism,” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, No. 1 (2000), pp. 169-182.
  • Baskın Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006: Facts and Analyses with Documents, (Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2010), p. 825.
  • Duygu Bazoğlu-Sezer, “Turkish Security in the Shifting Balkans: Reorientation to a Regional Focus,” in Kosta Tsipis (ed.), Common Security Regimes in the Balkans, (New York, Columbia University Press, 1996), pp. 109-110.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 21247 (June 3, 1992).
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 23104 (September 8, 1997).
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  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1992 Tarihçesi, (Ankara: Dışişleri Eğitim Merkezi, 1994), pp. 380-389.
  • Bazoğlu-Sezer, “Turkish Security in the Shifting Balkans,” pp. 110-111.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1992 Tarihçesi, pp. 483-486.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 22960 (April 10, 1997).
  • “Bilateral Relations between the Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Turkey,” Republic of North Macedonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://mfa.gov.mk/en/page/163/bilateral-relations-between-the-republic-of-north-macedonia-and-the-republic-of-turkey-.
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  • Narodne Novine, No. 1/2004 (1), Međunarodni Ugovori, Ostalo, (February 23, 2004).
  • Narodne Novine, No. 2/2004 (15), Međunarodni Ugovori, Ostalo, (March 17, 2004).
  • Mustafa Aksaç, “Turkey’s Military Efforts for Peace in the Balkans,” unpublished M.A. thesis, Bilkent University, 2003, pp. 67-68.
  • Bazoğlu-Sezer, “Turkish Security in the Shifting Balkans,” pp. 101-102.
  • Kathleen M. Reddy, “Operation Sharp Guard: Lessons Learned for the Policymaker and Commander,” U.S. Naval War College, (June 13, 1997), retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA328118.pdf, p. 7.
  • “UN Security Council Resolution 743 (1992),” United Nations Digital Library, retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/137965?v=pdf.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1992 Tarihçesi, pp. 131, 144-145, 148, 413, 417.
  • Fahriye Emgili, “Bosna-Hersek Trajedisinde (1992-1995) Türk Birliği,” Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 21, (December 2012), pp. 72-76; Yalçınkaya, et al., “Turkish Efforts in Peacekeeping,” pp. 475-496; Güngör, “The Analysis of Turkey’s Approach,” pp. 120-121; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • Christopher J. Lamb, Sarah Arkin, and Sally Scudder, “The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: A Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power,” Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 15 (March 2014).
  • Ettore Greco, “Delegated Peacekeeping: The Case of Operation Alba,” Istituto Affari Internazionali, (March 6-7, 1998), retrieved from https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iai9801.pdf; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • William Hale, Turkish Foreign Policy since 1774, 3rd ed., (Oxon: Routledge, 2013), pp. 203-204.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı 1998 Tarihçesi, (Ankara: Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 1999), pp. 240-241; Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006, p. 823.
  • Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006, p. 832; Güngör, “The Analysis of Turkey’s Approach,” p. 127.
  • Sylvie Gangloff, “Turkish Policy towards the Conflict in Kosovo: The Preeminence of National Political Interests,” Balkanologie, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2004), p. 112.
  • Fuat Aksu, “Kosova Krizinde Türkiye’nin Dış Politikası,” Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2010), p. 74.
  • Yalçınkaya, et al., “Turkish Efforts in Peacekeeping,” pp. 475-496; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • Ali L. Karaosmanoğlu, “NATO Enlargement and the South: A Turkish Perspective,” Security Dialogue, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1999), p. 215.
  • Birgül Demirtaş, “Turkey and the Balkans: Overcoming Prejudices, Building Bridges and Constructing a Common Future,” Perceptions, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2013), p. 168.
  • Gangloff, “Turkish Policy towards the Conflict in Kosovo,” p. 107; Oran (ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006, pp. 691-693.
  • Dışişleri Güncesi Temmuz 1999, (Ankara: Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 1999), pp. 188-190.
  • “Structure and Organization,” South-East Europe Defense Ministerial Process Public Portal, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://sedmprocess.org/web/sedmp/structure. “South-Eastern Europe Brigade,” SEEBRIG, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://seebrig.org/south-eastern-europe-brigade-seebrig.
  • Mehmet Uğur Ekinci, “A Golden Age of Relations: Turkey and the Western Balkans During the AK Party Period,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 16, No. 1 (2014), pp. 103-125; Birgül Demirtaş, “Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Balkans: A Europeanized Foreign Policy in a De-Europeanized National Context?” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2 (2015), pp. 123-140.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, No. 27903 (April 12, 2011).
  • “Türkiye ile Bosna Hersek Arasında “Askeri ve Mali” İşbirliği,” TRT Haber, (December 12, 2014), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/turkiye-ile-bosna-hersek-arasinda-askeri-ve-mali-isbirligi-158117.html.
  • Yalçınkaya, et al., “Turkish Efforts in Peacekeeping,” pp. 475-496; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • Güngör, “The Analysis of Turkey’s Approach,” pp. 122-123; Yalçınkaya, et al., “Turkish Efforts in Peacekeeping,” pp. 475-496; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
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  • “About EUFOR,” European Union Force in BiH, (November 4, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://euforbih.org/index.php/about-eufor/background; “2023 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı, (2024), p. 76; “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
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  • “Türkiye’nin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtına Katkıları,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Genelkurmay Başkanlığı.
  • Sefa Şahin, “NATO’nun Talebiyle Kosova’ya Gönderilen İhtiyat Birliği Türkiye’ye Dönüyor,” Anadolu Ajansı, (September 5, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/natonun-talebiyle-kosovaya-gonderilen-ihtiyat-birligi-turkiyeye-donuyor/2984153.
  • “Millî Savunma Bakanı Yaşar Güler, SEDM Toplantısı’nın Ardından Düzenlenen Basın Toplantısında Konuştu,” T.C. Milli Savunma Bakanlığı, (November 22, 2023), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.msb.gov.tr/SlaytHaber/b700a0ab7ef54a49b3321aa89f8537a6.
  • “Cooperative Security Environment Pillar,” RACVIAC, retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.racviac.org/cse-pillar.
  • Filiz Kınık Öz, Sefa Mutlu, and Güç Gönel, “Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Kimlik Kartlarıyla Bosna Hersek-Türkiye Arasındaki Gidiş Gelişleri Yapabilme Kararını Verdik,” Anadolu Ajansı, (September 6, 2022), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-kimlik-kartlariyla-bosna-hersek-turkiye-arasindaki-gidis-gelisleri-yapabilme-kararini-verdik/2678100.
  • Lyubomir Gigov, “Bulgaria, Romania, Turkiye Sign MoU on Mine Counter-measures Task Group Black Sea,” Bulgarian News Agency, (January 11, 2024), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.bta.bg/en/news/balkans/599142-bulgaria-romania-turkiye-sign-mou-on-mine-counter-measures-task-group-black-sea; Muhammed Enes Çallı, “Türkiye, Bulgaria, Romania Sign Deal to Combat Mine Threat in Black Sea,” Anadolu Ajansı, (January 12, 2024), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/turkiye-bulgaria-romania-sign-deal-to-combat-mine-threat-in-black-sea/3106386.
  • “Kosovo i Turska Potpisali ‘Vojni Sporazum’, Beograd Zabrinut – ‘Odgovoriće Adekvatno, Ne Samo Politički,’” KosSev, (January 30, 2024), retrieved May 9, 2024, from https://kossev.info/vojni-sporazum-kosovo-turska-vucevic-zabrinut-vezbe-obuke-naoruzavanje.
  • Sabrina P. Ramet and Aleksander Zdravkovski, “Serbia and the War in Ukraine,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2022), pp. 53-65.
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تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 21 - 46, 01.09.2024

Nedim Emin Mehmet Uğur Ekinci

https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-002

Abstract

في حين هيمنت القضايا العسكرية والدفاعية على سياسة تركيا في البلقان في التسعينيات، أصبحت الجوانب الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية أكثر بروزًا منذ أوائل العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين. يتناول هذا البحث عودة الأنشطة العسكرية والدفاعية لتركيا في البلقان منذ أواخر العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين. من خلال عرض منصات مختلفة للوجود العسكري والتعاون الدفاعي، يناقش البحث كيف تتوسع وتتعمق مشاركة تركيا في المجالات العسكرية والدفاعية. تشارك تركيا بنشاط في العمليات الدولية وآليات التعاون الدفاعي الإقليمية، وغالبًا ما تتولى أدوارًا قيادية.

Keywords

تركيا البلقان النشاط العسكري التعاون الدفاعي

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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Arabic
Subjects European and Region Studies, Regional Studies, Turkish Foreign Policy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nedim Emin This is me 0000-0002-5025-8662

Mehmet Uğur Ekinci This is me 0000-0002-4482-8067

Publication Date September 1, 2024
Submission Date June 21, 2024
Acceptance Date July 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Emin, N., & Ekinci, M. U. (2024). تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان. Rouya Türkiyyah, 13(3), 21-46. https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-002
AMA Emin N, Ekinci MU. تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان. Rouya Türkiyyah. September 2024;13(3):21-46. doi:10.36360/1560-013-003-002
Chicago Emin, Nedim, and Mehmet Uğur Ekinci. “تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان”. Rouya Türkiyyah 13, no. 3 (September 2024): 21-46. https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-002.
EndNote Emin N, Ekinci MU (September 1, 2024) تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان. Rouya Türkiyyah 13 3 21–46.
IEEE N. Emin and M. U. Ekinci, “تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان”, Rouya Türkiyyah, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 21–46, 2024, doi: 10.36360/1560-013-003-002.
ISNAD Emin, Nedim - Ekinci, Mehmet Uğur. “تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان”. Rouya Türkiyyah 13/3 (September 2024), 21-46. https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-002.
JAMA Emin N, Ekinci MU. تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان. Rouya Türkiyyah. 2024;13:21–46.
MLA Emin, Nedim and Mehmet Uğur Ekinci. “تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان”. Rouya Türkiyyah, vol. 13, no. 3, 2024, pp. 21-46, doi:10.36360/1560-013-003-002.
Vancouver Emin N, Ekinci MU. تعزيز النفوذ: النشاط العسكري التركي المتجدّد في البلقان. Rouya Türkiyyah. 2024;13(3):21-46.