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Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 69 - 98, 01.09.2024

Betul Dogan Akkas

https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-004

Abstract

References

  • “UK Opens Permanent Military Base in Bahrain,” Reuters, (April 5, 2018), retrieved May 4, 2024, from https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1HC2NQ/; “Population and Demographics,” Ministry of Information, retrieved May 5, 2024, from https://www.mia.gov.bh/kingdom-of-bahrain/population-and-demographics/?lang=en.
  • Nawal Aljasim, “Bahreyn–Türkiye İlişkileri: Gelişim, Günün Koşulları ve Gelecekteki Beklentiler,” Master’s thesis, Gazi University, 2019; Aydın Erdogan and Ali Serman Merdan “Türkiye’nin Körfez Açılımında Bahreyn,” Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2021), pp. 441-465.
  • Nesibe Hicret Battaloglu “Ideational Factors in Turkey’s Alignment with Qatar and Their Impact on Regional Security,” The International Spectator, Vol. 56, No. 4 (2021), pp.101-118; Sean Yom, “Roles, Identity, and Security: Foreign Policy Contestation in Monarchical Kuwait,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 26, No. 2 (2020), pp. 569-593; Fatima al-Karbi. “The United Arab Emirates Foreign Policy Change in the Post 2011 Middle East: A Role Theory Approach,” Doctoral dissertation, Durham University, 2022.
  • Sebastian Harnisch, “Role Theory: Operationalization of Key Concepts,” in Sebastian Harnisch, Cornelia Frank, and Hanns W. Maull (eds.), Role Theory in International Relations, (Oxon: Routledge, 2011), pp. 7-15.
  • Harnisch, “Role Theory: Operationalization of Key Concepts,” p. 10.
  • Quoted in Dirk Nabers “Identity and Role Change in International Politics,” in Sebastian Harnisch, Cornelia Frank, and Hanns W. Maull (eds.), Role Theory in International Relations, (Oxon: Routledge, 2011), p. 82.
  • Ernesto Laclau, “Deconstruction, Pragmatism, Hegemony,” in Chantal Mouffe, Simon Critchley, Jacques Derrida, Ernesto Laclau, and Richard Rorty (eds.), Deconstruction and Pragmatism, (Routledge, 1996), pp. 49-70; Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, Vol. 8, (Verso, 2014); Dirk Nabers, A Poststructuralist Discourse Theory of Global Politics, (Springer, 2015); Dirk Nabers, “Power, Leadership, and Hegemony in International Politics: The Case of East Asia,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, (2010), pp. 931-949; David Howarth, Aletta J. Norval, Aletta Norval, and Yannis Stavrakakis (eds.), Discourse Theory and Political Analysis: Identities, Hegemonies and Social Change, (Manchester University Press, 2000).
  • Betül Doğan-Akkaş, “Hegemonic Practices in the GCC Political Complex (GPC): Evolvement of Counter-Hegemonic Formations,” Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Durham University, 2023.
  • Nabers, “Power, Leadership, and Hegemony in International Politics,” p. 934; Marijke Breuning, “Role Theory,” in Patrick A. Mello and Falk Ostermann (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods, (Routledge, 2022), p. 194.
  • Zekeriya Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti: Bağdat, Basra ve Lahsa Beylerbeylikleri (1534-1672),” FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 12, (2018), p. 20.
  • Salih Özbaran, “Bahrain in 1559: A Narrative of Turco-Portuguese Conflict in the Gulf,” Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1982), pp. 90-104.
  • Salih Özbaran, “16. Yüzyılda Basra Körfezi Sahillerinde Osmanlılar: Basra Beylerbeyliğinin Kuruluşu,” Tarih Dergisi, Vol. 25, (2011), pp. 51-72.
  • Kursun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 13.
  • Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 20.
  • Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 11. Zekeriya Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916: Basra Körferzi’nde Osmanlı-İngiliz Çekişmesi, (Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2004), p. 25.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 28
  • Oktay Kızılkaya, “XIX. Yüzyılın Sonu XX. Yüzyılın Başlarında Basra Körfezinde Uluslararası Hakimiyet Mücadelesi,” Electronic Turkish Studies, Vol. 8, No. 7 (2013), p. 297.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 37.
  • Zekeriya Kurşun, “Basra Körfezi’nde Bir Arap Aşireti: Acman Urbanı (1820-1913),” Belleten, Vol. 63, No. 236 (1999) p. 131.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 180.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 179.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 179.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916: Basra körferzi'nde Osmanlı-İngiliz çekişmesi, p. 146.
  • Rouya Turkiyyah, vol. 12, no. 2, 2023. https://rouyaturkiyyah.com/
  • Aljasim, “Bahreyn-Türkiye İlişkileri,” p. 44.
  • Sam Pope Brewer, “U.N. Told Bahrain Seeks to Be Free,” The New York Times, (May 3, 1970), retrieved May 5, 2024, from https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/03/archives/un-told-bahrain-seeks-to-be-free-council-to-consider-report-on.html.
  • “Question of Bahrain Initial Proceedings,” UN, (January 1970), retrieved from https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sites/www.un.org.securitycouncil/files/en/sc/repertoire/69-71/Chapter%208/69-71_08-10-Question%20of%20Bahrain.pdf; Edward Gordon, “Resolution of the Bahrain Dispute,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 65, No. 3 (1971), pp. 560-568.
  • “Bilateral Political Relations between Türkiye and Bahrain,” MFA, retrieved May 4, 2024, from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-bahrain.en.mfa.
  • Aljasim, “Bahreyn-Türkiye İlişkileri,” p. 75.

Bahraini-Turkish Relations: A Strategic Role Adaptation of Manama

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 69 - 98, 01.09.2024

Betul Dogan Akkas

https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-004

Abstract

The purpose this research is to answer two questions: What are the major national role types that Bahrain accommodates in the contemporary Middle East system in conducting foreign policymaking towards Türkiye? How does Bahrain’s role conceptions towards Türkiye work under a sub-regional Saudi hegemony? There has been continuous, solid, yet limited diplomatic communication between Bahrain and Türkiye. With a hybrid use of post-structural discourse theory and role theory the nature of the emerging ties is elaborated, focusing on the Bahraini foreign affairs. This research proposes that there are two dynamics in the Bahraini foreign policymaking towards Türkiye: a faithful ally of Saudi Arabia and strategic role adaptation. These roles are either played simultaneously, as is the case in the peak years of cooperation with Türkiye, or being a faithful ally of Saudi Arabia dominates Bahrain’s strategic role adaptations, notably in the times of crises.

Keywords

Bahrain Türkiye Türkiye-Gulf Relations Role Theory

References

  • “UK Opens Permanent Military Base in Bahrain,” Reuters, (April 5, 2018), retrieved May 4, 2024, from https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1HC2NQ/; “Population and Demographics,” Ministry of Information, retrieved May 5, 2024, from https://www.mia.gov.bh/kingdom-of-bahrain/population-and-demographics/?lang=en.
  • Nawal Aljasim, “Bahreyn–Türkiye İlişkileri: Gelişim, Günün Koşulları ve Gelecekteki Beklentiler,” Master’s thesis, Gazi University, 2019; Aydın Erdogan and Ali Serman Merdan “Türkiye’nin Körfez Açılımında Bahreyn,” Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2021), pp. 441-465.
  • Nesibe Hicret Battaloglu “Ideational Factors in Turkey’s Alignment with Qatar and Their Impact on Regional Security,” The International Spectator, Vol. 56, No. 4 (2021), pp.101-118; Sean Yom, “Roles, Identity, and Security: Foreign Policy Contestation in Monarchical Kuwait,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 26, No. 2 (2020), pp. 569-593; Fatima al-Karbi. “The United Arab Emirates Foreign Policy Change in the Post 2011 Middle East: A Role Theory Approach,” Doctoral dissertation, Durham University, 2022.
  • Sebastian Harnisch, “Role Theory: Operationalization of Key Concepts,” in Sebastian Harnisch, Cornelia Frank, and Hanns W. Maull (eds.), Role Theory in International Relations, (Oxon: Routledge, 2011), pp. 7-15.
  • Harnisch, “Role Theory: Operationalization of Key Concepts,” p. 10.
  • Quoted in Dirk Nabers “Identity and Role Change in International Politics,” in Sebastian Harnisch, Cornelia Frank, and Hanns W. Maull (eds.), Role Theory in International Relations, (Oxon: Routledge, 2011), p. 82.
  • Ernesto Laclau, “Deconstruction, Pragmatism, Hegemony,” in Chantal Mouffe, Simon Critchley, Jacques Derrida, Ernesto Laclau, and Richard Rorty (eds.), Deconstruction and Pragmatism, (Routledge, 1996), pp. 49-70; Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, Vol. 8, (Verso, 2014); Dirk Nabers, A Poststructuralist Discourse Theory of Global Politics, (Springer, 2015); Dirk Nabers, “Power, Leadership, and Hegemony in International Politics: The Case of East Asia,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, (2010), pp. 931-949; David Howarth, Aletta J. Norval, Aletta Norval, and Yannis Stavrakakis (eds.), Discourse Theory and Political Analysis: Identities, Hegemonies and Social Change, (Manchester University Press, 2000).
  • Betül Doğan-Akkaş, “Hegemonic Practices in the GCC Political Complex (GPC): Evolvement of Counter-Hegemonic Formations,” Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Durham University, 2023.
  • Nabers, “Power, Leadership, and Hegemony in International Politics,” p. 934; Marijke Breuning, “Role Theory,” in Patrick A. Mello and Falk Ostermann (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods, (Routledge, 2022), p. 194.
  • Zekeriya Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti: Bağdat, Basra ve Lahsa Beylerbeylikleri (1534-1672),” FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 12, (2018), p. 20.
  • Salih Özbaran, “Bahrain in 1559: A Narrative of Turco-Portuguese Conflict in the Gulf,” Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1982), pp. 90-104.
  • Salih Özbaran, “16. Yüzyılda Basra Körfezi Sahillerinde Osmanlılar: Basra Beylerbeyliğinin Kuruluşu,” Tarih Dergisi, Vol. 25, (2011), pp. 51-72.
  • Kursun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 13.
  • Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 20.
  • Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 11. Zekeriya Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916: Basra Körferzi’nde Osmanlı-İngiliz Çekişmesi, (Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2004), p. 25.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 28
  • Oktay Kızılkaya, “XIX. Yüzyılın Sonu XX. Yüzyılın Başlarında Basra Körfezinde Uluslararası Hakimiyet Mücadelesi,” Electronic Turkish Studies, Vol. 8, No. 7 (2013), p. 297.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 37.
  • Zekeriya Kurşun, “Basra Körfezi’nde Bir Arap Aşireti: Acman Urbanı (1820-1913),” Belleten, Vol. 63, No. 236 (1999) p. 131.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 180.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 179.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 179.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916: Basra körferzi'nde Osmanlı-İngiliz çekişmesi, p. 146.
  • Rouya Turkiyyah, vol. 12, no. 2, 2023. https://rouyaturkiyyah.com/
  • Aljasim, “Bahreyn-Türkiye İlişkileri,” p. 44.
  • Sam Pope Brewer, “U.N. Told Bahrain Seeks to Be Free,” The New York Times, (May 3, 1970), retrieved May 5, 2024, from https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/03/archives/un-told-bahrain-seeks-to-be-free-council-to-consider-report-on.html.
  • “Question of Bahrain Initial Proceedings,” UN, (January 1970), retrieved from https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sites/www.un.org.securitycouncil/files/en/sc/repertoire/69-71/Chapter%208/69-71_08-10-Question%20of%20Bahrain.pdf; Edward Gordon, “Resolution of the Bahrain Dispute,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 65, No. 3 (1971), pp. 560-568.
  • “Bilateral Political Relations between Türkiye and Bahrain,” MFA, retrieved May 4, 2024, from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-bahrain.en.mfa.
  • Aljasim, “Bahreyn-Türkiye İlişkileri,” p. 75.

العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 69 - 98, 01.09.2024

Betul Dogan Akkas

https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-004

Abstract

توفّر العلاقات الثنائية التركية البحرينية أرضًا خصبة لمجموعة شاملة من المناقشات حول الشؤون الإقليمية، ومع ذلك فهذا الموضوع غير مدروس. تجيب هذه الدراسة عن سؤالين أساسيين: ما أنماط الأدوار الرئيسة التي تستوعبها البحرين في نظام الشرق الأوسط في إجراء صنع السياسة الخارجية تجاه تركيا؟ وكيف تعمل مفاهيم الدور البحريني تجاه تركيا في ظل الهيمنة السعودية الإقليمية الفرعية؟ تقترح الدراسة أن هناك ديناميكيتين في صنع السياسة الخارجية البحرينية تجاه تركيا، هما: الحليف المخلص للسعودية، والتكيف الإستراتيجي للدور. يتمّ أداء هذين الدورين إما في وقت واحد، كما هو الحال في سنوات الذروة من التعاون مع تركيا، وإمّا أن يهيمن كونها حليفًا مخلصًا للسعودية على تكيفات الدور الإستراتيجي للبحرين، وبخاصة في أوقات الأزمات.

Keywords

البحرين تركيا سياسة الخليج العلاقات التركية الخليجية

References

  • “UK Opens Permanent Military Base in Bahrain,” Reuters, (April 5, 2018), retrieved May 4, 2024, from https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1HC2NQ/; “Population and Demographics,” Ministry of Information, retrieved May 5, 2024, from https://www.mia.gov.bh/kingdom-of-bahrain/population-and-demographics/?lang=en.
  • Nawal Aljasim, “Bahreyn–Türkiye İlişkileri: Gelişim, Günün Koşulları ve Gelecekteki Beklentiler,” Master’s thesis, Gazi University, 2019; Aydın Erdogan and Ali Serman Merdan “Türkiye’nin Körfez Açılımında Bahreyn,” Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2021), pp. 441-465.
  • Nesibe Hicret Battaloglu “Ideational Factors in Turkey’s Alignment with Qatar and Their Impact on Regional Security,” The International Spectator, Vol. 56, No. 4 (2021), pp.101-118; Sean Yom, “Roles, Identity, and Security: Foreign Policy Contestation in Monarchical Kuwait,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 26, No. 2 (2020), pp. 569-593; Fatima al-Karbi. “The United Arab Emirates Foreign Policy Change in the Post 2011 Middle East: A Role Theory Approach,” Doctoral dissertation, Durham University, 2022.
  • Sebastian Harnisch, “Role Theory: Operationalization of Key Concepts,” in Sebastian Harnisch, Cornelia Frank, and Hanns W. Maull (eds.), Role Theory in International Relations, (Oxon: Routledge, 2011), pp. 7-15.
  • Harnisch, “Role Theory: Operationalization of Key Concepts,” p. 10.
  • Quoted in Dirk Nabers “Identity and Role Change in International Politics,” in Sebastian Harnisch, Cornelia Frank, and Hanns W. Maull (eds.), Role Theory in International Relations, (Oxon: Routledge, 2011), p. 82.
  • Ernesto Laclau, “Deconstruction, Pragmatism, Hegemony,” in Chantal Mouffe, Simon Critchley, Jacques Derrida, Ernesto Laclau, and Richard Rorty (eds.), Deconstruction and Pragmatism, (Routledge, 1996), pp. 49-70; Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, Vol. 8, (Verso, 2014); Dirk Nabers, A Poststructuralist Discourse Theory of Global Politics, (Springer, 2015); Dirk Nabers, “Power, Leadership, and Hegemony in International Politics: The Case of East Asia,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, (2010), pp. 931-949; David Howarth, Aletta J. Norval, Aletta Norval, and Yannis Stavrakakis (eds.), Discourse Theory and Political Analysis: Identities, Hegemonies and Social Change, (Manchester University Press, 2000).
  • Betül Doğan-Akkaş, “Hegemonic Practices in the GCC Political Complex (GPC): Evolvement of Counter-Hegemonic Formations,” Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Durham University, 2023.
  • Nabers, “Power, Leadership, and Hegemony in International Politics,” p. 934; Marijke Breuning, “Role Theory,” in Patrick A. Mello and Falk Ostermann (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods, (Routledge, 2022), p. 194.
  • Zekeriya Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti: Bağdat, Basra ve Lahsa Beylerbeylikleri (1534-1672),” FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 12, (2018), p. 20.
  • Salih Özbaran, “Bahrain in 1559: A Narrative of Turco-Portuguese Conflict in the Gulf,” Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1982), pp. 90-104.
  • Salih Özbaran, “16. Yüzyılda Basra Körfezi Sahillerinde Osmanlılar: Basra Beylerbeyliğinin Kuruluşu,” Tarih Dergisi, Vol. 25, (2011), pp. 51-72.
  • Kursun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 13.
  • Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 20.
  • Kurşun, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Basra Körfezi Siyaseti,” p. 11. Zekeriya Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916: Basra Körferzi’nde Osmanlı-İngiliz Çekişmesi, (Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2004), p. 25.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 28
  • Oktay Kızılkaya, “XIX. Yüzyılın Sonu XX. Yüzyılın Başlarında Basra Körfezinde Uluslararası Hakimiyet Mücadelesi,” Electronic Turkish Studies, Vol. 8, No. 7 (2013), p. 297.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 37.
  • Zekeriya Kurşun, “Basra Körfezi’nde Bir Arap Aşireti: Acman Urbanı (1820-1913),” Belleten, Vol. 63, No. 236 (1999) p. 131.
  • Kurşun, Katar’da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 180.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 179.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916, p. 179.
  • Kurşun, Katar'da Osmanlılar 1871-1916: Basra körferzi'nde Osmanlı-İngiliz çekişmesi, p. 146.
  • Rouya Turkiyyah, vol. 12, no. 2, 2023. https://rouyaturkiyyah.com/
  • Aljasim, “Bahreyn-Türkiye İlişkileri,” p. 44.
  • Sam Pope Brewer, “U.N. Told Bahrain Seeks to Be Free,” The New York Times, (May 3, 1970), retrieved May 5, 2024, from https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/03/archives/un-told-bahrain-seeks-to-be-free-council-to-consider-report-on.html.
  • “Question of Bahrain Initial Proceedings,” UN, (January 1970), retrieved from https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sites/www.un.org.securitycouncil/files/en/sc/repertoire/69-71/Chapter%208/69-71_08-10-Question%20of%20Bahrain.pdf; Edward Gordon, “Resolution of the Bahrain Dispute,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 65, No. 3 (1971), pp. 560-568.
  • “Bilateral Political Relations between Türkiye and Bahrain,” MFA, retrieved May 4, 2024, from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-bahrain.en.mfa.
  • Aljasim, “Bahreyn-Türkiye İlişkileri,” p. 75.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Arabic
Subjects Middle East Studies, Turkish Foreign Policy, Politics in International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Betul Dogan Akkas 0000-0001-6933-8139

Publication Date September 1, 2024
Submission Date June 13, 2024
Acceptance Date July 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Dogan Akkas, B. (2024). العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة. Rouya Türkiyyah, 13(3), 69-98. https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-004
AMA Dogan Akkas B. العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة. Rouya Türkiyyah. September 2024;13(3):69-98. doi:10.36360/1560-013-003-004
Chicago Dogan Akkas, Betul. “العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة”. Rouya Türkiyyah 13, no. 3 (September 2024): 69-98. https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-004.
EndNote Dogan Akkas B (September 1, 2024) العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة. Rouya Türkiyyah 13 3 69–98.
IEEE B. Dogan Akkas, “العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة”, Rouya Türkiyyah, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 69–98, 2024, doi: 10.36360/1560-013-003-004.
ISNAD Dogan Akkas, Betul. “العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة”. Rouya Türkiyyah 13/3 (September 2024), 69-98. https://doi.org/10.36360/1560-013-003-004.
JAMA Dogan Akkas B. العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة. Rouya Türkiyyah. 2024;13:69–98.
MLA Dogan Akkas, Betul. “العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة”. Rouya Türkiyyah, vol. 13, no. 3, 2024, pp. 69-98, doi:10.36360/1560-013-003-004.
Vancouver Dogan Akkas B. العلاقات التركية البحرينية: تكييف الدور الإستراتيجي للمنامة. Rouya Türkiyyah. 2024;13(3):69-98.