NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY

Muhammed Karakuş

doi:10.33723/rs.1896294

TR EN

Akışkan Modernitede Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler

Abstract

Bu makale, devlet dışı silahlı grupların (NSAG) günümüz çatışmalarında neden daha uyumlu, kimlik açısından akışkan ve ulusötesi hale geldiğini ve devletlerin bunlara karşı tepkilerinin neden giderek gecikmeli ve reaktif hale geldiğini araştırmaktadır. Zygmunt Bauman'ın “akışkan modernite” kavramına dayanan bu araştırma, kurumların dağılması, meşruiyet/temsil krizleri, hızlanma ve bağlantısallık, belirsizliğin kurumsallaşması gibi makro koşulları, “olağanüstü örgütsel esneklik, akışkan kimlik/anlatı ve sınırları ortadan kaldıran ulusötesi yapı” gibi üç gözlemlenebilir NSAG davranış özelliği ile ilişkilendiren orta vadeli bir “akışkan güvenlik” yaklaşımı oluşturmaktadır. Geleneksel uluslararası ilişkiler paradigmalarının giderek bulanıklaşan kavramlara dayandıkları için sorgulanmaya başladığı savunulmaktadır. Ana argüman, akışkan modernitenin NSAG'lerin bir teorisi olduğu değil, geleneksel itici güçlerin (zayıf devletler, savaş ekonomileri, sponsorluk, teknoloji) neden şu anda aynı anda mevcut olduklarını ve birbirlerini karşılıklı olarak güçlendirdiklerini açıklayan temel sosyal mantığı temsil ettiği yönündedir. Makale, güvenlik yönetiminin, “akışkan” tehditleri bir anomali olarak ele almak yerine, daha iyi ele almak için daha sektörler arası, gerçek zamanlı ve dayanıklılık odaklı hale gelmesi gerektiği sonucuna varmaktadır.

Keywords

Akışkan Modernite, Akışkan Güvenlik, Devlet Dışı Silahlı Gruplar (NSAG'ler), Yönetişim Boşlukları, Ağ Bağlantılı Şiddet

NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY

Abstract

This article explores why non-state armed groups (NSAGs) have emerged as more adaptable, identity-liquid, and transnational in today’s conflicts, and why state reactions to them are increasingly delayed and reactive. Based on Zygmunt Bauman’s “liquid modernity,” the research constructs a mid-range “liquid security” approach that connects macro-conditions such as the dissolution of institutions, crises of legitimacy/representation, acceleration and connectivity, and the institutionalization of uncertainty to three observable NSAG behavioral traits as ‘exceptional organizational flexibility, liquid identity/narrative, and transnationality that erases boundaries.’ It contends that traditional IR paradigms are challenged because they rely on increasingly blurred concepts. The main argument is not that liquid modernity is a theory of NSAGs but that it represents the underlying social logic that explains why the traditional list of drivers (weak states, war economies, sponsorship, technology) is now simultaneously present and mutually reinforcing. The article concludes that security governance needs to become more cross-sectoral, real-time, and resilience-focused to better address “liquid” threats rather than treating them as anomalies.

Keywords

Liquid Modernity, Liquid Security, Non-State Armed Groups (Nsags), Governance Vacuums, Networked Violence

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Policy and Administration (Other)

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Research Article

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Muhammed Karakuş ^*
0000-0003-0078-8603
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 18, 2026

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February 23, 2026

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April 8, 2026

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Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 2

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https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.1896294

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https://izlik.org/JA26ER28WU

APA

Karakuş, M. (2026). NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal, 9(2), 137-158. https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.1896294

AMA

1.Karakuş M. NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal. 2026;9(2):137-158. doi:10.33723/rs.1896294

Chicago

Karakuş, Muhammed. 2026. “NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY”. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal 9 (2): 137-58. https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.1896294.

EndNote

Karakuş M (May 1, 2026) NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal 9 2 137–158.

IEEE

[1]M. Karakuş, “NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY”, R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 137–158, May 2026, doi: 10.33723/rs.1896294.

ISNAD

Karakuş, Muhammed. “NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY”. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal 9/2 (May 1, 2026): 137-158. https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.1896294.

JAMA

1.Karakuş M. NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal. 2026;9:137–158.

MLA

Karakuş, Muhammed. “NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY”. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, May 2026, pp. 137-58, doi:10.33723/rs.1896294.

Vancouver

1.Muhammed Karakuş. NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal. 2026 May 1;9(2):137-58. doi:10.33723/rs.1896294

Akışkan Modernitede Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler

Abstract

Keywords

NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS IN LIQUID MODERNITY

Abstract

Keywords

References

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Published in Issue

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