HAVA KARGO TAŞIMACILIĞINDA UYGULANAN STRATEJİLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2018, , 523 - 537, 30.10.2018

Tüzün Tolga İnan

https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.472640

Abstract

Hava
Kargo Taşımacılığı son 20 yılda yolcu taşımacılığı ile birlikte büyük gelişim
göstermiştir. Özellikle düşük maliyetli taşımacılık stratejisi ile gelişim
trendi gösteren sivil havacılık endüstrisinde, hava kargo taşımacılığı da bu
gelişim trendinden faydalanarak farklı stratejiler ile birlikte bu gelişimi
devam ettirmiştir. Bu çalışmada hava kargo taşımacılığının mevcut durumu ve son
20 yıldaki büyük gelişimi ve farklı stratejiler altında hava kargo taşımacılığı
trendinde oluşan değişimler analiz edilmiştir. Stokastik talep, dinamik
programlama modeli, çok havalimanlı bölgeler, alternatif erişimli havalimanı
politikası, birebir toplama ve teslim sorunsalı, çoktan çoklu toplama ve teslim
sorunsalı, istifleyici vinç problemi, toplama ve teslimatlı araç yönlendirme
sorunu, uçağa binme sorunu ve teslim için değiştirme sorunu kavramları hava
kargo taşımacılığı kavramı altında incelenmiş olup, avantaj ve dezavantajlar
kargo yükleme stratejileri konsepti altında değerlendirme altına alınmıştır.

Keywords

Çok Havalimanlı Bölgeler, Alternatif Erişimli Havalimanı Politikası, Toplama ve Teslim Sorunsalı, İstifleyici Vinç Problemi, Toplama ve Teslimatlı Araç Yönlendirme Sorunu.

AN ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES APPLIED IN AIR CARGO TRANSPORTATION

Abstract

Air Cargo Transportation has shown great improvement
with passenger transportation, especially in the civil aviation industry in the
last 20 years. By the aid of low cost transportation strategy, air cargo
transportation has continued this development with different strategies with
taking advantage of this development trend. In this article, the current
situation of air cargo transportation with the major development in the last 20
years and the changes in the air cargo transportation trend under different
strategies were analyzed. Stochastic demand, dynamic programming model,
multi-airport regions, alternative access airport policy, one-to-one collection
and delivery problematic, the problem of multiple collection and delivery
already, stacker crane problem, problem of collecting and delivering vehicle
routing, changing problem and handover problem for delivery issues are examined
under the concept of cargo transportation with the evaluation of advantages and
disadvantages under the concept of cargo loading strategies.

Keywords

Multi Airport Regions, Alternative Access Airport Policy, Pick-up and Delivery Problem, Stacker Crane Problem, Vehicle Routing Problem with Pick-up and Delivery.

References

• Airbus. (2014). Airbus GMF Booklet 2014-2033, (Blagnac Cedec, France).
• Airbus (2015). Global Market Forecast 2015-2034, Airbus (Ed.), (Blagnac Cedex, France).
• Al-Debei, M.M. ve Avison, D. (2010). Developing a unified framework of the business model concept. Eur. J. Inf. Syst. 19: 359-376.
• Allaz, C. (2004). The History of Air Cargo and Airmail from the 18th Century. Christopher Foyle Publishing, London, United Kingdom.
• Alves, V. ve Forte, R. (2015). A Cournot model for analysing the effects of an open skies agreement. J. Air Transp. Manag., 42: 125-134.
• Anily, S. ve Hassin, R. (1992). The swapping problem. Networks, 22(4): 419-433.
• Anily, S. ve Bramel, J. (1999). Approximation algorithms for the capacitated traveling salesman problem with pickups and deliveries. Naval Research Logistics, 46(6): s.654-670.
• Azadian, F., Murat, A. E., ve Chinnam, R. B. (2012). Dynamic routing of time-sensitive air cargo using real-time information. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 48(1): 355-372.
• Berbeglia, G., Cordeau, J.F., Gribkovskaia, I., ve Laporte, G. (2007). Static pickup and delivery problems: A classification scheme and survey. TOP, 15(1): 1-31.
• Berbeglia, G., Cordeau, J.F., ve Laporte, G. (2010). Dynamic pickup and delivery problems. European Journal of Operational Research, 202(1): 8-15.
• Boeing. (2014). Boeing Current Market Outlook 2014, (Seattle, USA).
• Boeing. (2015). Boeing Current Market Outlook 2015-2034, Boeing (Ed.), (Seattle, USA, WA).
• Button, K. (2003). Does the theory of the “core” explain why airlines fail to cover their long-run costs of capital? J. Air Transp. Manag., 9: 5-14.
• Button, K. (1996). Liberalising european aviation: is there an empty core problem? J. Transp. Econ. Policy, 30: 275-291.
• Casadesus-Masanell, R. ve Ricart, J.E. (2009). From Strategy to Business Models and to Tactics (No. 10-036). (United States, Boston, MA).
• Casadesus-Masanell, R. ve Ricart, J.E. (2011). How to design a winning business model. Harv. Bus. Rev., 89(1-2): 100-107.
• Casadesus-Masanell, R. ve Tarzijan, J. (2012). When one business model isn’t enough: LAN airlines flourishes by running three distinctly different operations at the same time. Harv. Bus. Rev., 90(1-2): 132.
• Chalasani, P. ve Motwani, R. (1999). Approximating capacitated routing and delivery problems. SIAM Journal on Computing, 28(6): 21-33.
• Chan, F.T.S., Bhagwat, R., Kumar, N., Tiwari, M.K. ve Lam, P. (2006). Development of a decision support system for air-cargo pallets loading problem: a case study. Expert Syst. Appl., 31(3): 472-485.
• Chao, C.C. ve Hsu, C.W. (2014). Cost analysis of air cargo transport and effects of fluctuations in fuel price. J. Air Transp. Manag., 35: s.51-56.
• Chao, C.C. ve Li, R.G. (2017). Effects of cargo types and load efficiency on airline cargo revenues. Journal of Air Transport Management., 61: 26-33.
• Cordeau, J.F. ve Laporte, G. (2007). The dial-a-ride problem: Models and algorithms. Annals of Operations Research, 153(1): 29-46.
• Daft, J. ve Albers, S. (2013). A conceptual framework for measuring airline business model convergence. J. Air Transp. Manag., 28: 47-54.
• Daft, J. ve Albers, S. (2015). An empirical analysis of airline business model convergence. J. Air Transp. Manag., 46: 3-11.
• DaSilva, C.M. ve Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: what it is and what it is not. Long. Range Plann, 47: 379-389.
• Dewulf, W. (2014). The Strategy of Air Cargo Operators e about Carpet Sellers and Cargo Stars. University of Antwerp.
• Doganis, R. (2006). The Airline Business. Psychology Press.
• Diana, M. ve Dessouky, M. M. (2004). A new regret insertion heuristic for solving large-scale dial-a-ride problems with time windows. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 38(6): 539-557.
• Figliozzi, M. A. (2007). Analysis of the efficiency of urban commercial vehicle tours: Data collection, methodology, and policy implications. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 41(9): 1014-1032.
• Frederickson, G. (1978). Approximation algorithms for some routing problems. SIAM Journal on Computing, 7(2): 178.
• Hall, R. W. (2002). Alternative Access and Locations for Air Cargo. METRANS Transportation Center, University of Southern California.
• Han, D.L., Tang, L.C., Huang, H.C. (2010). A Markov model for single-leg air cargo revenue management under a bid-price policy. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 200 (3): 800-811.
• Hellermann, R. (2006). Capacity Options for Revenue Management: Theory and Applications in the Air Cargo Industry, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany.
• Hernández-Pérez, H. ve Salazar-González, J.-J. (2004a). A branch-and-cut algorithm for a traveling salesman problem with pickup and delivery. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 145(1): 126-139.
• Hernández-Pérez, H. ve Salazar-González, J.J. (2004b). Heuristics for the one-commodity pickup-and-delivery traveling salesman problem. Transportation Science, 38(2): 245-255.
• Hernández-Pérez, H. ve Salazar-González, J. J. (2014). The multi-commodity pickup-and-delivery traveling salesman problem. Networks, 63(1): 46-59.
• Huang, K. ve Chang, K.C. (2010). An approximate algorithm for the two-dimensional air cargo revenue management problem. Transp. Res. Part E, 46 (3): 426-435.
• IATA, (2014). Economic Performance of the Airline Industry.
• Johnson, M.W., Christensen, C.M. & Kagermann, H. (2008). Reinventing your business model. Harv. Bus. Rev., 86 (12): 50-59.
• Kalakou, S. ve Macario, R. (2013). An innovative framework for the study and structure of airport business models. Case Stud. Transp. Policy, 1: 2-17.
• Kallio, J., Tinnilo, M. ve Tseng, A. (2006). An international comparison of operator- ~ driven business models. Bus. Process Manag. J., 12: 281-298.
• Kasilingam, R.G. (1996). Air cargo revenue management: characteristics and complexities. Eur. J. Oper. Res., 96 (1): 36-44.
• Keen, P. ve Qureshi, S. (2006). Organizational transformation through business models: a framework for business model design. In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (HICSS’06).
• Kirchler, D. ve Calvo, R. W. (2013). A granular Tabu search algorithm for the dial-a-ride problem. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 56: 120-135.
• Kupfer, F., Meersman, H., Onghena, E. ve Van de Voorde, E. (2011a). Air freight and merchandise trade: towards a disaggregated analysis. J. Air Transp. Stud., 2: 28-48.
• Kupfer, F., Meersman, H., Onghena, E. ve Van de Voorde, E. (2011b). World air cargo and merchandise trade. In: Macario, R., Van de, Voorde E. (Eds.), Critical Issues in Air Transport Economics and Business. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, UK, Oxon, UK, ss.98-111.
• Lakew, P.A. (2014). Economies of traffic density and scale in the integrated air cargo industry: the cost structures of FedEx express and UPS Airlines. J. Air Transp. Manag., 35: 29-38.
• Laporte, G. (1992). The vehicle routing problem: An overview of exact and approximate algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 59(3): 345-358. Laporte, G. (2009). Fifty years of vehicle routing. Transportation Science, 43(4): 408-416.
• Leem, C., SeongSuh, H. ve SikKim, D.S. (2004). A classification of mobile business models and its applications. Ind. Manag. Data Syst., 104: 78-87.
• Lohmann, G. & Koo, T.T.R. (2013). The airline business model spectrum. J. Air Transp. Manag., 31: 7-9.
• Loo, B. P. Y. (2008). Passengers’ airport choice within multi-airport regions (MARs): some insights from a stated preference survey at the Hong Kong international airport. Journal of Transport Geography, 16(2): 117-125.
• Lurkin, V. ve Schyns, M. (2015). The Airline Container Loading Problem with pickup and delivery. European Journal of Operational, 244(3): 955-965.
• Magretta, J. (2002). Why business models matter. Harv. Bus. Rev., 80: 86-92.
• Mansfield, B. (2004). Competence in transition. J. Eur. Ind. Train, 28, s.296-309.
• Mayer, M. ve Scholz, A.B. (2012). An assessment of economic costs of cargo transporting airlines by the use of a structural cost function. J. Air Transp. Manag., 25: 30-32.
• Mintzberg, H. ve Waters, J. (1985). Of strategies, deliberate and emergent. Strateg. Manag. J., 6: 257-272.
• Moorman, R. (2007). Rejuvenating Cargo. Air Cargo World.
• Morrell, P.S. (2011). Moving Boxes by Air. Ashgate.
• Morris, M., Schindehutte, M. ve Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur's business model: toward a unified perspective. J. Bus. Res., 58: 726-735.
• Osterwalder, A. ve Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business Model Generation: a Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
• Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. ve Tucci, C.L. (2005). Clarifying business models: origins, present, and future of the concept. Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst., 16: 1-25.
• Paquette, J., Cordeau, J. F., Laporte, G., ve Pascoal, M. M. (2013). Combining multicriteria analysis and Tabu search for dial-a-ride problems. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 52: 1-16.
• Parragh, S., Doerner, K. ve Hartl, R. (2008a). A survey on pickup and delivery problems (Part I: Transportation between customers and depot). Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 58(1): 21-51.
• Parragh, S., Doerner, K. ve Hartl, R. (2008b). A survey on pickup and delivery problems (Part II: transportation between pickup and delivery locations). Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 58(2): 81-117.
• Pereira, B.A. ve Caetano, M. (2015). A conceptual business model framework applied to air transport. J. Air Transp. Manag., 44-45: 70-76.
• Poret, M.D., O'Connell, J.F. ve Warnock-Smith, D. (2015). The economic viability of longhaul low cost operations: evidence from the transatlantic market. J. Air Transp. Manag., 42: 272-281.
• Porter, M. (1996). What is strategy? Harv. Bus. Rev., ss.61-79.
• Rhoades, P.D.L. (2014). Evolution of International Aviation: Phoenix Rising. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
• Reis, V. (2010). Development of Cargo Business in Combination Airlines: Strategy and Instrument. Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon.
• Reis, V. ve Macario, R. (2015). Promoting integrated passenger transport solutions using a business approach. Case Stud. Transp. Policy, 3: 66-77.
• Quak, H., Balm, S. ve Posthumus, B. (2014). Evaluation of city logistics solutions with business model analysis. Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., 125: 111-124.
• Savelsbergh, M.W.P. (1985). Local search in routing problems with time windows. Annals of Operations Research, 4: 285-305.
• Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Electron. Mark. 8: 3-8.
• Toth, P. ve Vigo, D. (2001). The Vehicle Routing Problem. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
• Vancroonenburg, W., Verstichel, J., Tavernier, K. ve Vanden Berghe, G. (2014). Automatic air cargo selection and weight balancing: a mixed integer programming approach. Transp. Res. Part E, 65: 70-83.
• Wang, J.J. ve Heinonen, T.H. (2015). Aeropolitics in East Asia: an institutional approach to air transport liberalization. J. Air Transp. Manag., 42: 183-186.
• Wikstrom, K., Artto, K., Kujala, J. ve Söderlund, J. (2010). Business models in project € business. Int. J. Proj. Manag. 28: 832-841.
• Yan, S., Shih, Y.L. ve Shiao, F.Y. (2008). Optimal cargo container loading plans under stochastic demands for air express carriers. Transp. Res. Part E, 44(3): 555-575.
• Zondag, W.J. (2006). Competing for Air Cargo e a Qualitative Analysis of Competition in the Air Cargo Industry. Free University of Amsterdam.