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MORGENTHAU, TUTUCU AKTÖR VE DÜZENSİZ GÖÇ: TÜRKİYE’NİN ORTADOĞU STRATEJİSİNİN GÖÇ ALAN ÜLKE OLMASIYLA İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2020, , 142 - 155, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.693236

Abstract

Uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinin göç meselesine ilgisiz kalışı, bu alanda büyük bir boşluk doğurmaktadır. Hazırlanan bu çalışma bahsi geçen alana uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri çerçevesinde bir giriş niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin son on yılda almış olduğu göçleri teorik ve tarihi perspektiflerden açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Öncelikle, Türkiye’nin son on yılda almış olduğu göçlerin Realist paradigmadaki Hans Morgenthau’nın tutuculuk kavramı üzerinden açıklanması hedeflenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 2008 yılından itibaren bölgesinde tutucu aktör rolünü üstlendiği ve bu siyasetin bölgedeki zorunlu göç hareketlerinin Türkiye’ye doğru yönelmesini sağladığı iddia edilmektedir. Türkiye’nin tutuculuğuna örnek olarak bölgesindeki krizlere ve bu krizlere karşı izlediği siyasete yer verilecektir. Ardından, Türkiye’nin tarihsel olarak çevresiyle sosyo-kültürel bir bağının olduğundan bahsedilecektir. Bu bağın imparatorluk bilinciyle birleşmesinin Türkiye’nin bölgeyi daha yakından izlemesine ve etkinlik alanını Ortadoğu’ya doğru genişletmesine olanak sağladığı da iddia edilecektir. Sonuç olarak çalışmada, hükümet ideolojileri, lider perspektifleri ve göç alımındaki coğrafi konum gibi faktörler bilimsellik açısından görmezden gelinirken; mesele özgün bir teorik yaklaşımla incelenmeye çalışılmaktadır.

Thanks

Değerli katkıları ve yorumları için Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Fulya Memişoğlu ve Gizem Akşit Ergen'e teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Akgündüz, A. (1999). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Dış Göçler: 1783-1922. Toplum ve Bilim, 80, 144-170.
  • Aron, R. (2003). Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations. London: Routledge.
  • Aybet, G., Cindoğlu, D., & Memişoğlu, F. (2018). Suriye Krizinin Türkiye yansımaları. Ankara: Tübitak.
  • Betts, A. (2009). Forced Migration and Global Politics. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Betts, A., Ali, A., & Memişoğlu, F. (2017). Local Politics and the Syrian Refugee Crisis: Exploring Responses in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan. Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre.
  • Brecher, M. (1963). International Relations and Asian Studies: The Subordinate State System of Southern Asia. World Politics, 15(2), 213-235.
  • Carr, E. H. (1946). Twenty Years Crisis 1919-1939: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd. .
  • Castles, S. (2003). The International Politics of Forced Migration. Development, 46(3), 11-20.
  • Castles, S., Haas, H. d., & Miller, M. J. (2014). The Age of Migration: lnternational Population Movements in the Modern World (5 b.). London: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Collings, S. (1993). Europe and International Migration. London: Pinter Publishers.
  • Correlates of War Project. (2012). National Material Capabilities (v5.0). 10, 15, 2019 tarihinde http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/national-material-capabilities adresinden alındı
  • Deutsch, K. W., & Singer, D. J. (1964). Multipolar Power Systems and International Stability. World Politics, 16(3), 390-406.
  • Dündar, F. (2015). İttihat ve Terakki’nin Müslümanları İskân Politikası (1913-1918). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Erboğa, A . (2016). Bölgesel Dönüşüm Süreci ve Körfez Güvenliği. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi , 3 (1) , 9-38 .
  • Faist, T. (2006). The Migration-Security Nexus: International Migration and Security Before and After 9/11. In Y. M. Bodemann, & G. Yurdakul (Eds.), Migration, Citizenship, Ethnos (pp. 103-119). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ghoble, V. T. (2017). Making of Syrian Crisis: The Energy Factor. International Studies, 52(1-4), 38-52.
  • Glazebrook, G. P. (1934). British Empire Migration. Pacific Affairs, 7(4), 437-439.
  • Gülsoy, U. (1996). Avrupa’dan Osmanlı’ya Gurbetçi Göçü, Tarih ve Medeniyet. 33, 40-45.
  • Heath, E. (1969). Realism in British Foreign Policy. Foreign Affairs, 48(1), 39-50.
  • Hoffmann, C. (2019) Neo-Ottomanism, Eurasianism or securing the region? A longer view on Turkey’s interventionism, Conflict, Security & Development, 19(3), 301-307, DOI: 10.1080/14678802.2019.1608016
  • Iggers, G. (1997). Bilimsel Nesnellikten Postmodernize: Yirminci Yüzyılda Tarihyazımı. çev. Gül Çağalı Güven. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2011). Liberal Leviathan: the origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The End of Liberal International Order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7-23.
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Cumhuriyet Sonrası Kitlesel Akınlar. 15.12.2019 http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik3/kitlesel-akinlar_409_558_559
  • Karpat, K. (1985). Ottoman Population 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.
  • Koser, K. (2005). Irregular migration, state security and human security. Cenevre: Global Commission on International Migration.
  • https://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/policy_and_research/gcim/tp/TP5.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Layne, C. (2018). The US–Chinese power shift and the end of the Pax Americana. International Affairs, 94(1), 89-111.
  • Lewis, B. (2018). Modern Türkiye'nin Doğuşu (10 b.). Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi.
  • Machiavelli, N. (1955). Hükümdar. Ankara: Yıldız Matbaası.
  • Morgenthau, H. (1948). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: A. A. Knopf.
  • Nye, J. S. (1990). Bound to lead: The changing nature of American power. New York: Basic Books.
  • Okur, M. A. (2018). Güvenlik: Kargaşa ve Belirsizlik Çağından Nereye? İstanbul: KOCAV.
  • Ortaylı, İ. (2015). İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı (21. b). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Posen, B. R. (2014). Restraint : A new foundation for U.S. grand strategy. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Rakipoğlu, M. (2019, 12 05). Körfez krizinde sona doğru. 12 09, 2019 tarihinde Anadolu Ajansı: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/korfez-krizinde-sona-dogru/1664605 adresinden alındı
  • Schweller, R. (1994). Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In. International Security, 19(1)
  • Sharma, S. (2012). Social and Political Participation of Indian Diaspora in the UK. International Studies, 5(1), 118-132. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881717719351
  • Sheehan, M. (1989). The Place of the Balancer in Balance of Power Theory. Review of International Studies, 15(2), 123-143.
  • Singer, D. J., Bremer, S., & Stuckley, J. (1972). Capability, Distribution, and Major Power War, 1820-1965. B. Russet (Dü.) içinde, Peace, War and Numbers (s. 19-48). Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Tür, Ö. (2012). Turkey and Israel in the 2000s—From Cooperation to Conflict. Israel Studies, 17(3), 45-66.
  • Vakıl, S . (2018). Understanding Tehran’s Long Game in the Levant. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 15(60), 105-120.
  • Vhutto, F. (13 Eylül 2019). How Turkish TV is taking over the world. 15.12.2019 https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/sep/13/turkish-tv-magnificent-century-dizi-taking-over-world
  • Walt, S. (1987). The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1964). The Stability of a Bipolar World. Daedalus, 93(3), 881-909.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
  • Weiner, M. (1992). Security, Stability, and International Migration. International Security, 17(3), 91-126. doi:10.2307/2539131
  • Wohlfeld, M. (2014). Is migration a security issue? O. Grech, & M. Wohlfeld (Dü) içinde, Migration in the Mediterranean: Human Rights, Security and Development Perspectives (s. 61-77). Malta: Gutenberg Press.
  • Wohlforth, W. C. (1999). The Stability of a Unipolar World. International Security, 24(1), 5-41.
  • Yılmaz, T. (2010). Türkiye-İsrail İlişkiler: Tarihten Günümüze. Akademik Orta Doğu, 5(1), 9-24.
  • Zogata-Kusz, A. (2012). Theoretical Perspectives on Immigration Policy and Politics. Contemporary European Studies, 7(1), 5-21.

Morgenthau, Holder Actor and Irregular Migration Turkey’s The Middle East Strategy and Its Relations to Being a Receiving Country

Year 2020, , 142 - 155, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.693236

Abstract

The obliviousness of the international relations theories to the field of migration creates a huge gap in this literature. This study has the characteristics of an introduction to this field in the context of international relations theories. In this direction, this study aims to explain the migration flow to Turkey in the last decade in the line with a theoretical and historical perspective. First of all, this study will aim to examine migration flow to Turkey accordingly Hans Morgenthau’s holder/balancer concept in Realist paradigm. So, in this research it is claimed that Turkey became a holder actor after 2008 and this holder role changes the route of migration flows to Turkey. In order to test the hypothesis, some examples about Turkish attitudes toward regional crises will be presented. Secondly, this study will mention about Turkey’s deep sociocultural bonds with its region. It will also be asserted that when this bond is combined with imperial consciousness of Turkey, it makes Turkey closer to the region and provides an opportunity to expand its area of influence to the Middle East. On the other hand, in this study, factors such as government ideologies, leader perspectives, geographical locations are overlooked and the issue has been tried to be scrutinised in order to be a unique scientific and theoretical approach

References

  • Akgündüz, A. (1999). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Dış Göçler: 1783-1922. Toplum ve Bilim, 80, 144-170.
  • Aron, R. (2003). Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations. London: Routledge.
  • Aybet, G., Cindoğlu, D., & Memişoğlu, F. (2018). Suriye Krizinin Türkiye yansımaları. Ankara: Tübitak.
  • Betts, A. (2009). Forced Migration and Global Politics. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Betts, A., Ali, A., & Memişoğlu, F. (2017). Local Politics and the Syrian Refugee Crisis: Exploring Responses in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan. Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre.
  • Brecher, M. (1963). International Relations and Asian Studies: The Subordinate State System of Southern Asia. World Politics, 15(2), 213-235.
  • Carr, E. H. (1946). Twenty Years Crisis 1919-1939: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd. .
  • Castles, S. (2003). The International Politics of Forced Migration. Development, 46(3), 11-20.
  • Castles, S., Haas, H. d., & Miller, M. J. (2014). The Age of Migration: lnternational Population Movements in the Modern World (5 b.). London: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Collings, S. (1993). Europe and International Migration. London: Pinter Publishers.
  • Correlates of War Project. (2012). National Material Capabilities (v5.0). 10, 15, 2019 tarihinde http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/national-material-capabilities adresinden alındı
  • Deutsch, K. W., & Singer, D. J. (1964). Multipolar Power Systems and International Stability. World Politics, 16(3), 390-406.
  • Dündar, F. (2015). İttihat ve Terakki’nin Müslümanları İskân Politikası (1913-1918). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Erboğa, A . (2016). Bölgesel Dönüşüm Süreci ve Körfez Güvenliği. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi , 3 (1) , 9-38 .
  • Faist, T. (2006). The Migration-Security Nexus: International Migration and Security Before and After 9/11. In Y. M. Bodemann, & G. Yurdakul (Eds.), Migration, Citizenship, Ethnos (pp. 103-119). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ghoble, V. T. (2017). Making of Syrian Crisis: The Energy Factor. International Studies, 52(1-4), 38-52.
  • Glazebrook, G. P. (1934). British Empire Migration. Pacific Affairs, 7(4), 437-439.
  • Gülsoy, U. (1996). Avrupa’dan Osmanlı’ya Gurbetçi Göçü, Tarih ve Medeniyet. 33, 40-45.
  • Heath, E. (1969). Realism in British Foreign Policy. Foreign Affairs, 48(1), 39-50.
  • Hoffmann, C. (2019) Neo-Ottomanism, Eurasianism or securing the region? A longer view on Turkey’s interventionism, Conflict, Security & Development, 19(3), 301-307, DOI: 10.1080/14678802.2019.1608016
  • Iggers, G. (1997). Bilimsel Nesnellikten Postmodernize: Yirminci Yüzyılda Tarihyazımı. çev. Gül Çağalı Güven. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2011). Liberal Leviathan: the origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The End of Liberal International Order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7-23.
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Cumhuriyet Sonrası Kitlesel Akınlar. 15.12.2019 http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik3/kitlesel-akinlar_409_558_559
  • Karpat, K. (1985). Ottoman Population 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.
  • Koser, K. (2005). Irregular migration, state security and human security. Cenevre: Global Commission on International Migration.
  • https://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/policy_and_research/gcim/tp/TP5.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Layne, C. (2018). The US–Chinese power shift and the end of the Pax Americana. International Affairs, 94(1), 89-111.
  • Lewis, B. (2018). Modern Türkiye'nin Doğuşu (10 b.). Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi.
  • Machiavelli, N. (1955). Hükümdar. Ankara: Yıldız Matbaası.
  • Morgenthau, H. (1948). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: A. A. Knopf.
  • Nye, J. S. (1990). Bound to lead: The changing nature of American power. New York: Basic Books.
  • Okur, M. A. (2018). Güvenlik: Kargaşa ve Belirsizlik Çağından Nereye? İstanbul: KOCAV.
  • Ortaylı, İ. (2015). İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı (21. b). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Posen, B. R. (2014). Restraint : A new foundation for U.S. grand strategy. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Rakipoğlu, M. (2019, 12 05). Körfez krizinde sona doğru. 12 09, 2019 tarihinde Anadolu Ajansı: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/korfez-krizinde-sona-dogru/1664605 adresinden alındı
  • Schweller, R. (1994). Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In. International Security, 19(1)
  • Sharma, S. (2012). Social and Political Participation of Indian Diaspora in the UK. International Studies, 5(1), 118-132. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881717719351
  • Sheehan, M. (1989). The Place of the Balancer in Balance of Power Theory. Review of International Studies, 15(2), 123-143.
  • Singer, D. J., Bremer, S., & Stuckley, J. (1972). Capability, Distribution, and Major Power War, 1820-1965. B. Russet (Dü.) içinde, Peace, War and Numbers (s. 19-48). Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Tür, Ö. (2012). Turkey and Israel in the 2000s—From Cooperation to Conflict. Israel Studies, 17(3), 45-66.
  • Vakıl, S . (2018). Understanding Tehran’s Long Game in the Levant. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 15(60), 105-120.
  • Vhutto, F. (13 Eylül 2019). How Turkish TV is taking over the world. 15.12.2019 https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/sep/13/turkish-tv-magnificent-century-dizi-taking-over-world
  • Walt, S. (1987). The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1964). The Stability of a Bipolar World. Daedalus, 93(3), 881-909.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
  • Weiner, M. (1992). Security, Stability, and International Migration. International Security, 17(3), 91-126. doi:10.2307/2539131
  • Wohlfeld, M. (2014). Is migration a security issue? O. Grech, & M. Wohlfeld (Dü) içinde, Migration in the Mediterranean: Human Rights, Security and Development Perspectives (s. 61-77). Malta: Gutenberg Press.
  • Wohlforth, W. C. (1999). The Stability of a Unipolar World. International Security, 24(1), 5-41.
  • Yılmaz, T. (2010). Türkiye-İsrail İlişkiler: Tarihten Günümüze. Akademik Orta Doğu, 5(1), 9-24.
  • Zogata-Kusz, A. (2012). Theoretical Perspectives on Immigration Policy and Politics. Contemporary European Studies, 7(1), 5-21.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Celil Yiğit 0000-0002-9611-5632

Seda Gürel 0000-0003-2991-7819

Publication Date April 30, 2020
Submission Date February 24, 2020
Acceptance Date April 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Yiğit, C., & Gürel, S. (2020). MORGENTHAU, TUTUCU AKTÖR VE DÜZENSİZ GÖÇ: TÜRKİYE’NİN ORTADOĞU STRATEJİSİNİN GÖÇ ALAN ÜLKE OLMASIYLA İLİŞKİSİ. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal, 3(2), 142-155. https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.693236
R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal 

https://dergipark.org.tr/rs