Pliometrik Antrenmanın Hız, Çeviklik ve Sıçrama Performansı Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2022, , 106 - 112, 28.12.2022

Yusuf Buzdağlı Cemre Didem Eyipınar , Abdullah Kalın Erdinç Şıktar Ahmet Savaş

https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2022.221943

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Modern futbolda fizyolojik değerlendirmeler, sadece yetişkinlerde değil, gençlerde de optimal performans için giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise, genç futbolculara uygulatılan pliometrik antrenmanın hız, çeviklik ve sıçrama parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmaya aynı futbol kulübü akademisinden 30 erkek futbolcu katılmıştır. Katılımcılar deney (n = 15) ve kontrol (n = 15) grubu olmak üzere rastgele ayrılmıştır. Deney grubundaki katılımcılara 6 hafta boyunca futbola özgü antrenman ile kombine çeviklik merdivenli pliometrik antrenman uygulatılmıştır. Kontrol grubu ise futbol antrenmanlarına devam etmiştir. İki gruplu randomize kontrollü dizayndaki bu çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğunu test etmek için Shapiro-Wilk testi uygulanmıştır. Etki büyüklükleri Cohen’s d kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, deney grubunun squat sıçrama testindeki deney öncesi ve sonrası değerlerinde ve deney-kontrol gruplarının squat sıçrama testleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p < .05). Ek olarak, 5 m sprint ve durarak uzun atlama testlerinin etki büyüklükleri yüksek düzeyde olduğundan, pliometrik antrenmanın sıçrama ve hız performansı üzerinde etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, pliometrik antrenman programları genç futbolcularda sıçrama ve hız performansını koruma veya iyileştirme için etkili egzersiz modaliteleri olarak kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Futbol, pliometrik antrenman, sıçrama, hız

References

• Afonso, J., da Costa, I. T., Camões, M., Silva, A., Lima, R. F., Milheiro, A., Martins, A., Laporta, L., Nakamura, F. Y., & Clemente, F. M. (2020). The effects of agility ladders on performance: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(11), 720–728.
• Aksović, N., Bjelica, B., Mİlanovİć, F., Jovanovİć, N., & Zelenovİć, M. (2021). Plyometric training effects on explosive power, sprint and direction change speed in basketball: A review. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 7(2), 73–79.
• Arazi, H., Mohammadi, M., & Asadi, A. (2014). Muscular adaptations to depth jump plyometric training: Comparison of sand vs. land surface. Interventional Medicine and Applied Science, 6(3), 125–130.
• Asadi, A., Arazi, H., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Moran, J., & Izquierdo, M. (2017). Influence of maturation stage on agility performance gains after plyometric training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2609–2617.
• Asadi, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Arazi, H., & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2018). The effects of maturation on jumping ability and sprint adaptations to plyometric training in youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(21), 2405–2411.
• Bangsbo, J., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2006). Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(7), 665–674.
• Bedoya, A. A., Miltenberger, M. R., & Lopez, R. M. (2015). Plyometric training effects on athletic performance in youth soccer athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(8), 2351–2360.
• Behrens, M., Mau-Moeller, A., Mueller, K., Heise, S., Gube, M., Beuster, N., Herlyn, P. K., Fischer, D. C., & Bruhn, S. (2016). Plyometric training improves voluntary activation and strength during isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(2), 170–176.
• Bouguezzi, R., Chaabene, H., Negra, Y., Moran, J., Sammoud, S., Ramirez- Campillo, R., Granacher, U., & Hachana, Y. (2020). Effects of jump exercises with and without stretch-shortening cycle actions on components of physical fitness in prepubertal male soccer players. Sport Sciences for Health, 16(2), 297–304.
• Chaabene, H., & Negra, Y. (2017). The effect of plyometric training volume in prepubertal male soccer players’. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(9), 1205–1211.
• Chelly, M. S., Ghenem, M. A., Abid, K., Hermassi, S., Tabka, Z., & Shephard, R. J. (2010). Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump-and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2670–2676.
• Cheng, C. F., Lin, J. C., & Lin, L. C. (2003). Influences of plyometric training on power and power-endurance in high school basketball players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(Supplement 1), 371.
• Dardouri, W., Amin Selmi, M., Haj Sassi, R., Gharbi, Z., Rebhi, A., & Moalla, W. (2014). Reliability and discriminative power of soccer-specific field tests and skill index in young soccer players. Science and Sports, 29(2), 88–94.
• Gemar, J. A. (1986). The effects of weight training and plyometric training on vertical jump, standing long jump and forty-meter sprint. Brigham Young University.
• Häkkinen, K., Alén, M., & Komi, P. V. (1985). Changes in isometric force-and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 125(4), 573–585.
• Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 3–12.
• Kotzamanidis, C. (2006). Effect of plyometric training on running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 441–445.
• Lloyd, R. S., Meyers, R. W., & Oliver, J. L. (2011). The natural development and trainability of plyometric ability during childhood. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 33(2), 23–32.
• Markovic, G., Jukic, I., Milanovic, D., & Metikos, D. (2007). Effects of sprint and plyometric training on muscle function and athletic performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 543–549.
• Ozmen, T., & Aydogmus, M. (2017). Effect of plyometric training on jumping performance and agility in adolescent badminton players. Turkish Journal of Sport Exercise, 19(2), 222–227.
• Padrón-Cabo, A., Lorenzo-Martínez, M., Pérez-Ferreirós, A., Costa, P. B., & Rey, E. (2021). Effects of plyometric training with agility ladder on physical fitness in youth soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(10), 896–904.
• Padrón-Cabo, A., Rey, E., Kalén, A., & Costa, P. B. (2020). Effects of training with an agility ladder on sprint, agility, and dribbling performance in youth soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 73(1), 219–228.
• Pardos-Mainer, E., Lozano, D., Torrontegui-Duarte, M., Cartón-Llorente, A., & Roso-Moliner, A. (2021). Effects of strength vs. plyometric training programs on vertical jumping, linear sprint and change of direction speed performance in female soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 401.
• Ramirez-Campillo, R., Alvarez, C., García-Pinillos, F., Gentil, P., Moran, J., Pereira, L. A., & Loturco, I. (2019). Effects of plyometric training on physical performance of young male soccer players: Potential effects of different drop jump heights. Pediatric Exercise Science, 31(3), 306–313.
• Rimmer, E., & Sleivert, G. (2000). Effects of a plyometrics intervention program on sprint performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(3), 295–301.
• Rubley, M. D., Haase, A. C., Holcomb, W. R., Girouard, T. J., & Tandy, R. D. (2011). The effect of plyometric training on power and kicking distance in female adolescent soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(1), 129–134.
• Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919–932.
• Söhnlein, Q., Müller, E., & Stöggl, T. L. (2014). The effect of 16-week plyometric training on explosive actions in early to mid-puberty elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(8), 2105–2114.
• Tabacchi, G., Faigenbaum, A., Jemni, M., Thomas, E., Capranica, L., Palma, A., Breda, J., & Bianco, A. (2018). Profiles of physical fitness risk behaviours in school adolescents from the ASSO project: A latent class analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9).
• William, R. R., & Kirubakar, S. G. (2018). Impact of various plyometric training with selcted asana practices on explosive strength, agility and balance of male footballers. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 7(2), 937–943.
• Wilson, G. J., Newton, R. U., Murphy, A. J., & Humphries, B. J. (1993). The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(11), 1279–1286.
• Wong, D. P., Chaouachi, A., Dellal, A., & Smith, A. W. (2012). Comparison of ground reaction forces and contact times between 2 lateral plyometric exercises in professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(8), 647–653.