Sporcularda Bilişsel Kontrol ve Bilişsel Esneklik Becerilerinin Mental İyi Oluş Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2023, , 26 - 29, 15.03.2023

Deniz Bedir

https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2023.22063

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Yapılan araştırmalar mental iyi oluş düzeyi yüksek olan bireylerin, psikolojik ve fiziksel sağlıklarının daha iyi ve yaşam kalitelerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Mental iyi oluşla ilişkili olabilecek bileşenlerin ortaya konulması bireylerin mental iyi oluş düzeylerine katkı yapacak faktörlerin belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırmanın amacı, bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esnekliğin mental iyi oluşu yordama düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Atatürk Üniversitesi ve Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültelerinde öğrenim gören ve yaşları 18 ile 37 (X̄= 22,47 ± 2,74) arasında değişen 250 aktif sporcu araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Stresli Durumlarda Bilişsel Kontrol ve Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği” ve “Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esneklik faktörlerinin mental iyi oluş düzeylerini ne ölçüde yordadığını tespit etmek için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar mental iyi oluş, bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esneklik arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğunu ve bilişsel kontrol ile bilişsel esnekliğin mental iyi oluş düzeyinin %40,4’ünü yordadığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak sporcuların sahip oldukları bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esneklik kapasitelerinin mental iyi oluş düzeyleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve bu bilişsel özelliklerin geliştirilmesine yönelik müdahalelerin mental iyi oluş düzeylerine olumlu katkı yapacağı söylenebilir.

Keywords

Müsabaka performansı, dopamin, psikolojik beceri, stres

Investigation of the Effect of Cognitive Control and Cognitive Flexibility Skills on Mental Well-Being in Athletes

Abstract

Studies show that individuals with high mental well-being have better psychological and physical health and higher quality of life. It is thought that revealing the components that may be related to mental well-being will play an essential role in determining the factors that will contribute to the mental well-being of individuals. In this context, the study examines the predictive levels of cognitive control and cognitive flexibility of mental well-being. Two hundred fifty active athletes aged 18 and 37 (X̄= 22.47 ± 2.74) studying at Atatürk University and Erzurum Technical University Sports Sciences Faculties were included. “Cognitive Control and Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Stressful Situations” and “Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale” were used as data collection tools in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine to what extent cognitive control and cognitive flexibility factors predicted mental well-being. The results showed a positive relationship between mental wellbeing, cognitive control, and cognitive flexibility and that cognitive control and cognitive flexibility predict 40.4% of mental well-being. As a result, athletes’ cognitive control and cognitive flexibility capacities have a significant effect on their mental well-being and that interventions to improve these cognitive characteristics will contribute positively to their mental well-being.

Keywords

Competition performance, dopamine, psychological skills, stress

References

• Chiu, M., Wesson, V., & Sadavoy, J. (2013). Improving caregiving competence, stress coping, and mental well-being in informal dementia carers. World Journal of Psychiatry, 3(3), 65–73.
• Demirtaş, A. S. (2019). Stresli durumlarda bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esneklik: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies in Psychology, 39(2), 345–368.
• Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241–253.
• Eschmann, K. C. J., & Mecklinger, A. (2022). Improving cognitive control: Is theta neurofeedback training associated with proactive rather than reactive control enhancement? Psychophysiology, 59(5), e13873.
• Fu, F., & Chow, A. (2017). Traumatic exposure and psychological well-being: The moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 22(1), 24–35.
• Gabrys, R. L., Tabri, N., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K. (2018). Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: The cognitive control and flexibility questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2219.
• Gross, M., Moore, Z. E., Gardner, F. L., Wolanin, A. T., Pess, R., & Marks, D. R. (2018). An empirical examination comparing the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach and psychological skills training for the mental health and sport performance of female student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(4), 431–451.
• Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1–25.
• Inzlicht, M., Bartholow, B. D., & Hirsh, J. B. (2015). Emotional foundations of cognitive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(3), 126–132.
• Johles, L., Gustafsson, H., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Classon, C., Hasselqvist, J., & Lundgren, T. (2020). Psychological flexibility among competitive athletes: A psychometric investigation of a new scale. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2, 110.
• Karasar, N. (2003). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (12.basım). Nobel yayın Dağıtım.
• Keldal, G. (2015). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 3(1), 103–115.
• Kellmann, M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in high-intensity sports and stress/recovery monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(Suppl. 2), 95–102.
• Keyes, C. L. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207–222.
• Keyes, C. L., Dhingra, S. S., & Simoes, E. J. (2010). Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2366–2371.
• Khan, K. M., Thompson, A. M., Blair, S. N., Sallis, J. F., Powell, K. E., Bull, F. C., & Bauman, A. E. (2012). Sport and exercise as contributors to the health of nations. Lancet, 380(9836), 59–64.
• Koesten, J., Schrodt, P., & Ford, D. J. (2009). Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults’ wellbeing. Health Communication, 24(1), 82–94.
• Kryla-Lighthall, N., & Mather, M. (2009). The role of cognitive control in older adults’ emotional well-being. In Handbook of theories of aging (2nd ed., pp. 323–344). Springer Publishing Company.
• Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855.
• Miles, J. (2014). Tolerance and variance inflation factor. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics reference.
• Nieman, T., Bergelt, M., Clancy, J., Regan, K., Hobson, N., dos Santos, A., & Middleton, L. E. (2021). Changes in cognitive control and mood across repeated exercise sessions. Applied Psychology. Health and Well-Being, 13(4), 853–870.
• Ritzert, T. R., Forsyth, J. P., Berghoff, C. R., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Nicholson, E. (2015). The impact of a cognitive defusion intervention on behavioral and psychological flexibility: An experimental evaluation in a spider fearful non-clinical sample. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4(2), 112–120.
• Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Buckholtz, J. W., Cowan, R. L., Woodward, N. D., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Arrington, C. M., Baldwin, R. M., Smith, C. E., Treadway, M. T., Kessler, R. M., & Zald, D. H. (2013). A thalamocorticostriatal dopamine network for psychostimulant-enhanced human cognitive flexibility. Biological Psychiatry, 74(2), 99–105.
• Smith Slep, A. M. S., & O’leary, S. G. (2007). Multivariate models of mothers’ and fathers’ aggression toward their children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 739–751.
• Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 63.
• Wankel, L. M., & Berger, B. G. (1990). The psychological and social benefits of sport and physical-activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 22(2), 167–182.
• Yoo, C. (2019). Stress coping and mental health among adolescents: Applying a multi-dimensional stress coping model. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 43–53.