Alzheimer Hastalarında Fonksiyonel Egzersiz Müdahalelerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Seçilen Fiziksel Fitness Parametreleri

Abstract

Bu çalışma, hafif ile orta düzeyde demansı olan yaşlı bireylerde 12 haftalık fonksiyonel antrenman (FA) programının motor ve bilişsel yetenekler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemiştir. Toplamda 400 katılımcı (FA grubunda 100, kontrol grubunda [Grup 2] 100 kişi) değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar, yaş (Grup 1: 72.1 ± 6.2; Grup 2: 71.8 ± 5.9, p>0.05) ve fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri (her iki grupta da çoğunlukla sedanter) gibi demografik özellikler açısından benzerdi. Grup 1'de denge skorları önemli ölçüde iyileşmiştir (önce: 44.3 ± 8.7; sonra: 54.1 ± 7.5, F=16.45, p<0.001), Grup 2'de ise anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlemlenmemiştir. Yürüyüş hızı, Grup 1'de önemli bir artış göstermiştir (önce: 0.95 ± 0.12 m/s; sonra: 1.05 ± 0.14 m/s, F=5.24, p=0.022). Fonksiyonel mobilite skorları, Grup 1'de önemli ölçüde iyileşmiştir (önce: 32.8 ± 6.3; sonra: 38.4 ± 5.6, F=8.35, p=0.004). Genel bilişsel fonksiyon skorları, Grup 1'de anlamlı şekilde artmıştır (önce: 21.3 ± 3.4; sonra: 23.1 ± 3.1, F=6.41, p=0.013), Grup 2'de ise anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlemlenmemiştir. Grup 1 ve Grup 2'nin ortalama vücut yağ yüzdeleri 11.31 ± 2.70 olarak bulunmuş ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlemlenmemiştir (p>0.05). Denge iyileşmeleri, yürüyüş hızını (β=0.48, p<0.001) ve bilişsel fonksiyonları (β=0.35, p<0.001) aracılık etmiştir. Fonksiyonel mobilite değişiklikleri, yürüyüş hızını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir (β=0.37, p=0.002). Sonuçlar, FA programının, demansı olan yaşlı bireylerde motor ve bilişsel fonksiyonları geliştirmedeki etkinliğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, programın bu popülasyonda yaşam kalitesini iyileştirme ve fonksiyonel gerilemeyi geciktirme potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Motor performans
• Bilişsel sağlık
• Denge kontrolü

Ethical Statement

Çalışma, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Etik Kurulu tarafından 14 numara ve 25.06.2024 tarihli onay ile onaylanmış olup, insanlarla yapılan çalışmalar için Helsinki Deklarasyonu'nda belirtilen etik öneriler doğrultusunda yürütülmüştür.

Thanks

The authors would like to extend their gratitude to all the mens and womens who participated in this study for their commitment and effort throughout the testing procedures. We also acknowledge the support of the coaching staff and technical team for facilitating the logistics required for data collection.

The Effects of Functional Exercise Interventions on Quality of Life and Selected Physical Fitness

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a 12-week functional training (FT) program on motor and cognitive abilities in elderly individuals with mild to moderate dementia. A total of 400 participants (100 in the FT group [Group 1] and 100 in the control group [Group 2]) were assessed. Groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics such as age (Group 1: 72.1 ± 6.2; Group 2: 71.8 ± 5.9, p>0.05) and physical activity levels (sedentary majority in both groups). Balance scores improved significantly in Group 1 (pre: 44.3 ± 8.7; post: 54.1 ± 7.5, F=16.45, p<0.001), with no significant changes in Group 2. Walking speed showed a significant increase in Group 1 (pre: 0.95 ± 0.12 m/s; post: 1.05 ± 0.14 m/s, F=5.24, p=0.022). Functional mobility scores improved significantly in Group 1 (pre: 32.8 ± 6.3; post: 38.4 ± 5.6, F=8.35, p=0.004). General cognitive function scores significantly increased in Group 1 (pre: 21.3 ± 3.4; post: 23.1 ± 3.1, F=6.41, p=0.013), with no significant changes in Group 2. Average body fat percentages for Groups 1 and 2 were 11.31 ± 2.70, with no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Balance improvements mediated walking speed (β=0.48, p<0.001) and cognitive functions (β=0.35, p<0.001). Functional mobility changes significantly influenced walking speed (β=0.37, p=0.002). The results demonstrate the FT program's effectiveness in enhancing motor and cognitive functions in elderly individuals with dementia. These findings underline the program's potential for improving quality of life and delaying functional decline in this population.

Keywords

• motor performance
• cognitive health
• equilibrium control

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the university health ethical committe of Çankırı Karatekin University with the code 14 / date 25.06.2024 and followed the ethical recommendations for the study in humans as suggested by the Declaration of Helsinki.

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