Alzheimer Hastalarında Fonksiyonel Egzersiz Müdahalelerinin Yaşam Kalitesi ve Seçilen Fiziksel Fitness Parametreleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, hafif ile orta düzeyde demansı olan yaşlı bireylerde 12 haftalık fonksiyonel antrenman (FA) programının motor ve bilişsel yetenekler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemiştir. Toplamda 400 katılımcı (FA grubunda 100, kontrol grubunda [Grup 2] 100 kişi) değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar, yaş (Grup 1: 72.1 ± 6.2; Grup 2: 71.8 ± 5.9, p>0.05) ve fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri (her iki grupta da çoğunlukla sedanter) gibi demografik özellikler açısından benzerdi. Grup 1'de denge skorları önemli ölçüde iyileşmiştir (önce: 44.3 ± 8.7; sonra: 54.1 ± 7.5, F=16.45, p<0.001), Grup 2'de ise anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlemlenmemiştir. Yürüyüş hızı, Grup 1'de önemli bir artış göstermiştir (önce: 0.95 ± 0.12 m/s; sonra: 1.05 ± 0.14 m/s, F=5.24, p=0.022). Fonksiyonel mobilite skorları, Grup 1'de önemli ölçüde iyileşmiştir (önce: 32.8 ± 6.3; sonra: 38.4 ± 5.6, F=8.35, p=0.004). Genel bilişsel fonksiyon skorları, Grup 1'de anlamlı şekilde artmıştır (önce: 21.3 ± 3.4; sonra: 23.1 ± 3.1, F=6.41, p=0.013), Grup 2'de ise anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlemlenmemiştir. Grup 1 ve Grup 2'nin ortalama vücut yağ yüzdeleri 11.31 ± 2.70 olarak bulunmuş ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlemlenmemiştir (p>0.05). Denge iyileşmeleri, yürüyüş hızını (β=0.48, p<0.001) ve bilişsel fonksiyonları (β=0.35, p<0.001) aracılık etmiştir. Fonksiyonel mobilite değişiklikleri, yürüyüş hızını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir (β=0.37, p=0.002). Sonuçlar, FA programının, demansı olan yaşlı bireylerde motor ve bilişsel fonksiyonları geliştirmedeki etkinliğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, programın bu popülasyonda yaşam kalitesini iyileştirme ve fonksiyonel gerilemeyi geciktirme potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Motor performans
• Bilişsel sağlık
• Denge kontrolü

The Effects of Functional Exercise Interventions on Quality of Life and Selected Physical Fitness

Öz

This study investigated the effects of a 12-week functional training (FT) program on motor and cognitive abilities in elderly individuals with mild to moderate dementia. A total of 400 participants (100 in the FT group [Group 1] and 100 in the control group [Group 2]) were assessed. Groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics such as age (Group 1: 72.1 ± 6.2; Group 2: 71.8 ± 5.9, p>0.05) and physical activity levels (sedentary majority in both groups). Balance scores improved significantly in Group 1 (pre: 44.3 ± 8.7; post: 54.1 ± 7.5, F=16.45, p<0.001), with no significant changes in Group 2. Walking speed showed a significant increase in Group 1 (pre: 0.95 ± 0.12 m/s; post: 1.05 ± 0.14 m/s, F=5.24, p=0.022). Functional mobility scores improved significantly in Group 1 (pre: 32.8 ± 6.3; post: 38.4 ± 5.6, F=8.35, p=0.004). General cognitive function scores significantly increased in Group 1 (pre: 21.3 ± 3.4; post: 23.1 ± 3.1, F=6.41, p=0.013), with no significant changes in Group 2. Average body fat percentages for Groups 1 and 2 were 11.31 ± 2.70, with no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Balance improvements mediated walking speed (β=0.48, p<0.001) and cognitive functions (β=0.35, p<0.001). Functional mobility changes significantly influenced walking speed (β=0.37, p=0.002). The results demonstrate the FT program's effectiveness in enhancing motor and cognitive functions in elderly individuals with dementia. These findings underline the program's potential for improving quality of life and delaying functional decline in this population.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• motor performance
• cognitive health
• equilibrium control

Kaynakça

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