Research Article

The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability

Volume: 27 Number: 4 December 25, 2025
TR EN

The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a measurement tool (Cognitive Flexibility in Sports Scale-CFSS) whose validity and reliability have been checked by statistical methods to measure athletes' cognitive flexibility levels. Therefore, from expert opinions, data were obtained from the research groups with the pre-application form (60 items) and post-application form (20 items). The study was conducted with three groups consisting of different individuals. Validity-reliability checks were made with the research groups (1st Group=37 individuals, 2nd Group=241 individuals, 3rd Group=366 individuals). The sub-dimensions obtained from the analyses and the variance loadings they have/explain are as follows: 1. Ability to Produce Alternative Solutions (12.11%), 2. Strategic Flexibility (15.32%), 3. Situational Adaptability (14.97%) and 4. Problem Solving and Decision Making (14.07%). The total variance load of SBEÖ is 56.47%. The fit index values of SBEÖ are CMIN/DF: 2.995, RMSEA:.074, GFI:.89, AGFI:.86, CFI:.91, RMR:.043, NFI:.89, TLI:.89, IFI:.91, DF:164, CMIN:491.139. The criterion validity of CFSS was also checked. The pre-post application process analyses determined that the internal consistency coefficient was within the reference ranges (<.60) in the sub-dimensions and the overall scale. As a result, in this study, the “Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports-CFSS”, consisting of 20 items and four sub-dimensions, the validity-reliability of which was checked with multiple methods, was developed and presented to the literature.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received for this study.

Ethical Statement

The ethics committee of Kafkas University approved this study (Date: Apr 23, 2025, Decision Number: 2, Protocol No: 81829502.903/38).

References

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  5. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (24. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  6. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (23. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sports Science and Exercise (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 25, 2025

Submission Date

May 30, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 14, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 27 Number: 4

APA
Korucuk, M., Gezer, H., & Gezer, E. (2025). The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, 27(4), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.62425/rses.1710052
AMA
1.Korucuk M, Gezer H, Gezer E. The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability. Research in Sport Education and Sciences. 2025;27(4):301-315. doi:10.62425/rses.1710052
Chicago
Korucuk, Murat, Hatice Gezer, and Engin Gezer. 2025. “The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability”. Research in Sport Education and Sciences 27 (4): 301-15. https://doi.org/10.62425/rses.1710052.
EndNote
Korucuk M, Gezer H, Gezer E (December 1, 2025) The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability. Research in Sport Education and Sciences 27 4 301–315.
IEEE
[1]M. Korucuk, H. Gezer, and E. Gezer, “The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability”, Research in Sport Education and Sciences, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 301–315, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.62425/rses.1710052.
ISNAD
Korucuk, Murat - Gezer, Hatice - Gezer, Engin. “The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability”. Research in Sport Education and Sciences 27/4 (December 1, 2025): 301-315. https://doi.org/10.62425/rses.1710052.
JAMA
1.Korucuk M, Gezer H, Gezer E. The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability. Research in Sport Education and Sciences. 2025;27:301–315.
MLA
Korucuk, Murat, et al. “The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability”. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, vol. 27, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 301-15, doi:10.62425/rses.1710052.
Vancouver
1.Murat Korucuk, Hatice Gezer, Engin Gezer. The Development of a Cognitive Flexibility Scale in Sports: Validation and Reliability. Research in Sport Education and Sciences. 2025 Dec. 1;27(4):301-15. doi:10.62425/rses.1710052

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