Beşinci Çocuk adlı romanda geleneksel aile yapısının alt üst edilmesi

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, Doris Lessing’in Beşinci Çocuk (1988) adlı romanını, geleneksel aile yapısını alt üst etmesi, alternatif aile yapısı oluşturması ve, kadınlara ve erkeklere dayatılan cinsiyet rollerini ortadan kaldırmasını kültürel materyalist teorisiyle incelemektir. Bu teoriye göre anlam kültürel olarak yaratılır ve bazı hikayeler veya bazı temsiller diğerlerinden daha makul olarak yansıtılmaya çalışılır. Bu bağlamda, Beşinci Çocuk, Margaret Thatcher’ın İngiltere Başbakanı olduğu 1980’lerde Viktorya ahlakının ve değerlerinin nasıl anlaşıldığını ve alt üst edildiğini gösterecektir. Söz konusu roman, 1980’lerde Viktorya dönemine ve değerlerine dönme arzusunu Harriet ve David çiftiyle gösterecektir çünkü bu çift Viktorya ahlakının kendileirne dayattığı cinsiyet rollerine bağlı kalarak evlenip çocuk sahibi olurlar. Örneğin, David eve para getirirken Harriet de ev işleriyle ve çocuklarla ilgilenir. Ancak Ben adlı beşinci çocuğun doğumuyla geleneksel aile yapısını korumak gibi Viktorya değerlerine ve cinsiyet rollerine vurgu yapan hegemonik ideolojilere meydan okunur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma Ben’in doğumuyla kurulmaya çalışılan aile bağının yok edilmesi ve Harriet’in kocasının rızası olmamasına rağmen Ben’i kurumdan alıp eve getirmesiyle geleneksel cinsiyet rollerinin alt üst edilmesini gösterecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beşinci Çocuk
• Doris Lessing
• kültürel materyalizm
• Viktorya dönemi ve alt üst etme

Subversion of traditional family structure in the Fifth Child

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to study the novel called the Fifth Child (1988) by Doris Lessing from a cultural materialist perspective in terms of reflecting the subversion of the traditional family pattern, creating alternative family structure instead of it and eliminating gender roles imposed on women and men. According to cultural materialist theory, meaning is created culturally and some stories or some representations are tried to be more plausible than others. In this regard, the Fifth Child will show how Victorian morality and values were understood and subverted in the 1980s when Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minister of Britain. This novel is chosen to be studied from this perspective because there is a wish for returning back to Victorian values in 1980s in the novel represented by the couple of Harriet and David. They get married and have children by sticking their gender roles imposed on them by Victorian morality. That is, David is the money provider and Harriet is looking after children and doing households in a Victorian house. Although hegemonic ideologies of Victorian morality such as emphasis on the gender roles and on the family bond exist in this period they are challenged and subverted with the birth of the fifth child called Ben into the family. As a result, the subversion of family bond with the coming of Ben and the subversion of gender roles with Harriet who brings Ben back against the consent of her husband will be illustrated in the paper.

Keywords

• The Fifth Child
• Doris Lessing
• cultural materialism
• Victorian period and subversion

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